• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 1981

In order to clarify the removal of astringency in persimmon fruits (Diospyros koki L.) and its mechanism, a comparative histology of tannin cells in tile cultivars of astringent persimmon fruits (Sangju Dungsi. Daegu Bansi. Cheongdo Bansi) and a sweet persimmon fruit (Fuyu) was observed. Tannin cells were widespread in all fruits tissue expert for tissue of ovule before full blossom. The epidermal cells of ovary. flower and calyx consist of tannin cell. Arrangement of tannin cells has radiated type toward the upper directions in the calyx. The major part of seed coat consisted of tannin cells. The epidermal cells of persimmon fruits were consisted of small tannin cells, and the inner part of epicarp of the astringent persimmon was consisted of stone cells, but the sweet persimmon was consisted of parenchymatous cells. It was suggested that differantiation of tannin cell In persimmon fruits occured until about the middle of August. Some tannin cells of matured astringent persimmon fruits was coagulated and wall of tannin cell produced protuberance, and most of tannin cells of matured sweet persimmon fruits was coagulated or ruptured.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.764-774
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• 2003

The edible plants sold at the market in Busan were classified into 8 divisions, 11 classes, 46 orders, 67 families, 156 genera, 183 species and 45 varieties, and a total of 228 kinds of plants were included in them. Among the 228 kinds of edible plants, Angiospermae were the highest number of 202 kinds (88.60%), and next came Fungi of 9 kinds (3.95%), Phaeophyta of 5 kinds (2.19%), Rhodophyta of 4 kinds (1.75%), Pteridophyta of 3 kinds (1.32%) Gymnospermae of 2 kinds (0.88%), Chlorophyta of 2 kinds (0.88%), and Lichenes of 1 kind (0.44%) in order In the taxon of family, Cruciferae, Rosaceae, Leguminoceae, Cucurbitaceae, Umbelliferae, Compositae, Liliaceae, and Gramineae include many species. In the taxon of genus, Brassica(14 species), Prunus(9), Lactuca(9), Allium(7), Citrus(5), Cucumis(4), Cichorium(4) in order contain many species. Among tile edible plants, Chamjuknamu(Cedrela sinensis) is wrongly named Gajuknamu(Ailanthns altissima). And there are others which are called in a wrong way: Endive is wrongly called Chicory, Saeneutaribeoseot, Saesongi and Padeudeknamul(Japanese hornwort), Chamnamul. Gyul and Milgam, Geumgam and Gamgyul, Banana and Pacho, Paprika and Pimang(Pimento) are the names of the same plants. The number of the kinds of edible plants is different in each season. Fall has the most edible plants, and it is followed by spring, summer and winter. The edible parts of plants which are sold at the market are leaves, young sprouts, fruits, grains, roots, stems and petioles.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2006

Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from hydrolysis of glucoraphanin in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, was shown to induce phase II detoxification enzymes and inhibit chemically induced mammary tumors in rodents. Recently, sulforaphane is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human canter cells, however its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In tile present study, we demonstrated that sulforaphane acted to inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with $10{\mu}M\;or\;15{\mu}M$ sulforaphane resulted in significant G2/M cell cycle arrest as determined by DNA flow cytometry. Moreover, $20{\mu}M$ sulforaphane significantly induced the population of sub-G1 cells suggesting that sulforaphane induced apoptosis. This anti-proliferative effect of sulforaphane was accompanied by a marked inhibition of ryclin A, cyclin 31 and Cdc2 protein. However, the levels of tumor suppressor p53 and Cdk inhibitor p21 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased by sulforaphane treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that sulforaphane may be a potential rhemoprevetiveichemotherapeucc agent for the treatment of human cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2006

Alaska pollock roe is mainly used as the production salted instead of salt-seasoned seafood (Myungranjeot). Alaska pollock roes with broken egg membrane are usually discarded as a waste product. In order to utilize the broken roes of Alaska pollock, imitated fish sausage was manufactured for commercial production. Hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, brittleness, and gumminess of Alaka pollock roe sausage were evaluated based on mixture design and regression models. The higher amounts of carrageenan and tile lower amounts of starch caused the higher the texture intensity of Alaska pollock roe sausage. The pHs of control, vacuum and $N_2$ packages, increased up to 6.28, 6.23 and 6.24, respectively, during 4 months storage and then decreased. The values of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total viable cell counts increased during storage periods, while the parameters were higher in control than in vacuum and Na packages. Coliform bacteria was not detected in all treatments during storage periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.869-874
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the qualities of loaf breads added with green tea powder, minimum fermented tea powder (fermented for 10 hrs), medium fermented tea powder (fermented for 17 hrs), and black tea powder (fermented for 24 hrs). The moisture content of loaf bread added with green tea and three types of fermented tea was $36.02\~36.44\%$ and was similar to the control group of $36.98\%$. The content of crude protein and ash of loaf bread added with green tea powder and fermented tea was higher than that of control group. The water holding capacity of loaf bread added with green tea powder was the highest and was followed by the fermented tea added group and the control group. The volume and specific volume of loaf bread were high in tile order of the control group, the fermented tea added group, the green tea added group. The lightness of loaf bread got lower, while the redness and the yellowness of the bread 9ot higher as loaf bread was added with more fermented tea. The hardness of loaf bread get higher, but the cohesiveness got lower as loaf bread was added with the more fermented tea. The gumminess and chewiness of loaf bread added with black tea powder were the highest. The result of sensory evaluation of the loaf bread showed that the preference of the color was tBle highest in the control group, while the preference of the flavor and the taste was the highest in the green tea group and the minimum fermented tea group. The preference of overall acceptability of loaf bread was the highest in the minimum fermented tea group.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.754-763
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• 2002

This paper discusses the improved power performances of the size-reduced amplifier using defected ground structure (DGS). The slow-wave effect and enlarged electrical length occur due to the additional equivalent circuit elements of DGS. Using these properties, it is possible to reduce the length of transmission lines in order to keep the same original electrical lengths by inserting DGS on the ground plane. The matching and performances of the amplifier are preserved even after DGS patterns have been inserted. While there is no loss in the size-reduced transmission lines at the operating frequency, but there exists loss to some extent at harmonic frequencies. This leads to the more excellent inherent capability of harmonic rejection of the size-reduced amplifier. Therefore, it is expected tile harmonics of the size-reduced amplifier are smaller than those of the original amplifier. The measured second harmonic, third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the size-reduced amplifier are smaller than those of the original amplifier by 5 dB, 2~6 dB, and 1~4 dB, respectively, as expectation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1175-1183
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• 1997

Lethal effects of high voltage pulsed electric fields (PEF) on suspensions of Lactobacillus plantarum cells in phosphate buffer solution were examined by using continuous recycle treatment system. Critical electric field strength and treatment time needed for inactivation of L. plantarum were 13.6 kV/cm and $16.1\;{\mu}s$ at room temperature, respectively. As decrease in frequency (decreasing pulse number), the degree of inactivation of L. plantarum was increased. A 2.5 log reduction in microbial population could be achieved with an electric field strength of 80 kV/cm, 300 Hz frequency and $2000\;{\mu}s$ treatment time. Survivability was decreased with increase in total treatment time (cycle number) and frequency at the same cycle number. As sterilization model of continuous recycle PEF treatment, $logS=-N_m\;log\;m+B$ and $N_m=k_1\;P_n+k_2$ were established. This model was very well fitted to tile empirical data. The rate of inactivation increased with increase in the processing temperature. The maximum reduction in survivability (5.6 log reduction) was obtained with 80 kV/cm electric field strength at $50^{\circ}C$ for $1000\;{\mu}s$ treatment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2004

The ground positions and elevations information called DEMs(Digital Elevation Models) which are extracted from the stereo aerial photographs and/or satellite images using image matching method have the natural errors caused by variant environments. This study suggests the method to evaluate DEMs using correlation values between the reference and the target DEMs. This would be strongly helpful for experts to correct these errors. To evaluate the whole area of DEMs in the horizontal and vertical errors, the target cell is matched for each reference cell using the correlation values of these two cells. When the target cell is matched for each reference cell, horizontal and vertical error was calculated so as to help experts to recognize a certain area of DEMs which should be corrected and edited. If the correlation value is low and tile difference in height is high, the target cell will be candidated as changed or corrupted cell. When the area is clustered with those candidated cells, that area will be regarded as changed or corrupted area to be corrected and edited. Using this method, the evaluation for all DEM cells is practicable, the horizontal errors as well as vertical errors is calculable and the changed or corrupted area can be detected more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

The industrialization of central Europe more than 100 ago marked the beginning of densely concentrated buildings in quickly growing cities. A cheap type of roofing material of that time was tar. But it was dangerous because it was high inflammable. Then some roofer had a splendid idea. They used sandy material as a final layer atop the impermeable tar layer. These roofs were much more fire resistant than the typical roofs. In this sandy layer some plant species began to grow spontaneously. This was the beginning of the green roof history of modern Europe. A number of these green roofs survived both world wars. In the early 80's in Berlin alone, 50 such buildings existed and they continued to be waterproof until the present day. Since the 1992 Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro(http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/basic_info/unced.html) the term "sustainable development" became of central interest of urban designers. In city regions green roofs had become synonymous with this term. With a small investment, long-lasting roofs can be created. Further back in history, more exciting examples of green roofs can be found. The hanging gardens of antiquity are well-known. There are also green roofs built as insulation against cold and heat all over the world. For over 20 years, roof greening in central Europe has been closely examined for various reasons. Roof greening touches several different disciplines. Of primary interest is the durability of the roofs. But ecologists are also interested in green roofs, for instance in biodiversity research. The beneficial effect of greening on water proofing was also proven. For some time, the issue of fire protection was investigated. According to tests, green roofs received a harsh careful rating. Their fire protective property is considered similar to that of tile roofs. Another recent impulse for the green roof movement in Germany has come from the evident improvement of storm water retention and the reduced burden on the sewer system. The question of whether and how much energy green roofs can save has become an urgent question. The state of the research and also various open questions from a central European point of view will be discussed in the context of international collaboration. Apart from academic considerations, those who involve themselves in this issue take a predominantly positive view of the numerous existing green roofs in Germany. In some cities, green roofs are the typical construction technique for new buildings. A few outstanding examples will conclude this review. In Germany, about 20 companies, some of which operate internationally, specialize in green roof consulting. Learning from each other in an open-ended way with respect to different construction techniques and applications in various climatic regions can only be accomplished through such international collaboration as is taking place here.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of abandoned paddy fields as wetland ecosystems and their suitability as habitats for various species. Physical and chemical characteristics of soils and the change of vegetation in paddy fields were analysed -with the passage of time after cease of cultivation. The results of analyses for soil characteristics, vegetation succession, and functional values of abandoned paddy fields as wetlands were as follows: First, top soils become coarser as years after abandonment increase. Second, as the years of abandonment passed. there were significant differences in organic matter, available phosphorate and calcium, while not in magnesium and cation exchange capacity(CEC). Third, species increased from early stage till middle stage, and decreased in late stage. In similarity analysis of species composition, sites were classified into three groups according to the stage of succession. Upper and lower terraces at Daetgol were classified as early stage of succession. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terraces at Nonbanggol were in middle stage, while tile 4th and 5th were in late stage. Forth, according to evaluation sheets of MoE and RAM(Rapid Assessment Method) standards, me overall average of functional value of Nonbanggol site were 2.13, classified as "common".