• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.188-200
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• 2016

During recent screening to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in South Korea, a total of 31 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from a variety of environmental samples including soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, and plant roots. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 31 species have been described in South Korea; therefore 5 species of 3 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 species of 6 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 1 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species of 1 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Spongiibacter_o within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in South Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.166-178
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• 2016

An outcome of the study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 26 bacterial species assigned to the classes Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were isolated from diverse environmental samples collected from soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, wetland, plant roots, and fermented foods. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.0%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 26 species have been described in Korea; therefore 14 strains for the order Flavobacteriales and two strains for the order Cytophagales were assigned to the class Bacteroidetes, and 8 strains for the order Bacillales and 4 strains for the order Lactobacillales were assigned to the class Firmicutes are reported for new bacterial species found in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2015

As a subset study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 39 bacterial strains assigned to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environmental samples collected from soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, seaweed, wetland, plant roots, guts of insects, and fermented foods. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.1%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 39 species have been described in Korea; therefore 4 species of 4 genera in the order Burkholderiales and 1 species in the order Neisseriales within the class Betaproteobacteria, and 10 species of 6 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 4 species of 4 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 2 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species in the order Aeromonadales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 2 species of 2 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Chromatiales within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2018

During the course of investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 30 bacterial strains belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were isolated from diverse environmental sites such as soil, avian feces, wastewater treatment plants, fermented vegetables, seawater, algae, sea cucumber, octopus and tidal flat sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that each strain showed high sequence similarity (${\geq}98.7%$) to the closest type strain and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with the most closely related species in the phylum Firmicutes. To date, there is no official record of these 30 species in Korea. Therefore, we report 26 species of 12 genera in the order Bacillales and 4 species of 4 genera in the order Lactobacillales which have not been reported in Korea. Morphological and biochemical characteristics, isolation sources and NIBR deposit numbers are described in the species descriptions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2010

C-1 compounds are observed in anaerobic sediment of high salt environments. Thus, surface sediments and waters from these environments are therefore potential habitats for aerobic methylotrophic microorganisms. The soil samples collected from saltern and tidal flat as inoculums and methanol as carbon and energy source was supplied. After subculture depending on the salt concentration, methanol oxidizing bacteria growth condition investigated, the results of methanol oxidizing bacteria can grow in salt conditions, and the maximum concentration was 20%. Analysis based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes indicates that Methelyophaga-like bacteria were dominants of methylotrophs in the enrichment culture. Quantitative PCR showed that archaeal cells were about 1-10% of bacterial cells. Additionally archaea were assumed not to be involved in methanol oxidation since bacterial antibiotics completely blocked the methanol oxidation. Our results suggest that Methelyophaga-like bacteria could be involved in C-1 compounds oxidation in hypersaline environments although those activities are sensitive to salinity above 20%.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

While screening indigenous prokaryotic species in Republic of Korea in 2017, a total of 17 bacterial strains assigned to the phylum Bacteroidetes were isolated from a variety of environmental habitats including water of fountain, tidal flat, plant root, soil, the gut of Russian grayling butterfly, ginseng field, seawater, lagoon and seashore sand. From the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of more than 98.7% and the formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was found that the 17 strains belong to independent and recognized bacterial species. There has been no official report that the identified 17 species have been previously isolated in the Republic of Korea. Thus, 15 species in 10 genera of one family in the order Flavobacteriales, one species in one genus of one family in the order Cytophagales, and one species in one genus of one family in the order Sphingobacteriales are proposed as unrecorded species of the phylum Bacteroidetes found in the Republic of Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic phenotypic characteristics, isolation source, taxonomic status, strain ID and other information are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2019

A total of 38 bacterial strains within the classes Bacilli and Deinococci were isolated from various sources in Korea. Samples were collected from animal intestine, urine, soil, tidal flat mud, and kimchi. In the sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences, the 38 isolates were assigned to the classes Bacilli and Deinococci with sequence similarities more than 98.7%. Twenty-four strains and 13 strains were classified the order Bacillales and Lactobacillales in the class Bacilli, respectively. In the order Bacillales, there were nine species in the genus Bacillus, seven species in the genus Paenibacillus, and the remaining eight species in the genera Domibacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Savagea, and Staphylococcus. In the order Lactobacillales, there were four species in the genus Lactobacillus, three species in the genus Leuconostoc, three species in the genus Lactococcus, and the remaining three species in the genera Aerococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus. One species was related to the genus Deinococcus of the order Deinococcales. Most of the isolated strains were Gram-stain-positive, but some were Gram-stain-variable or Gram-stain-negative. Cells were rod or cocci-shaped. Based on the results of 16S rRNA analysis, we report 38 strains as previously unrecorded species to Korea, and the basic characteristics of strains are described herein.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

In 2020, 24 bacterial strains were isolated from algae, kudzu leaf, mud, pine cone, seashore sand, sea water, soil, tidal flat, and wetland from the Republic of Korea. Isolated bacterial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those exhibiting at least 98.7% sequence similarity with known bacterial species, but not reported in Korea, were highlighted as unrecorded species. These isolates were allocated to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria as unrecorded species in Korea. The four Bacteroidetes strains were classified into the families Chitinophagaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae (of the orders Chitinophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales, respectively). The 20 Proteobacteria strains belonged to the Aeromonadaceae, Marinobacter, Microbulbiferaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Morganellaceae, Yersiniaceae, Lysobacteraceae, Halomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Steroidobacteraceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Myxococcaceae (of the orders Aeromonadales, Alteromonadales, Cellvibrionales, Enterobacterales, Lysobacterales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudomonadales, Steroidobacter, Xanthomonadales, and Myxococcales). This study focused on the description of 24 unreported bacterial species in Korea in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria belonging to six classes.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the geologic structure of the basement and overlying sediments of the construction site of the dinosaur egg fossil museum in Hwasung, Gyeonggi Province through refraction seismology, drilling, and downward seismic velocity measurements in the drill holes. The construction site ($350{\times}750\;m^2$) is located in the reclaimed area south of Sihwa Lake, Gojeong-ri. About 6,950 m of seismic refraction data consisting of 11 lines were acquired using a sledge hammer source. Drilling to the basement was performed at five sites. Sediment samples from drilling were analysed for grain-size distribution and age dating. At two drill holes, seismic velocity was measured with depth using a hammer as a seismic source. The geological structure of the study area consists of, from top to bottom, a tidal flat layer (5 ~ 12 m thick), a weathered soil layer (2 ~ 8 m thick), and the basement. The basement is interpreted as Cretaceous sedimentary rocks that tend to be shallow eastward. The volume of the tidal flat sediments and weathered soil in the study area is estimated as $1.4{\times}10^6\;m^3$, weighing $3.5{\times}10^6$ tons. The rate of sea level rise since 8,000 yrs BP is estimated to be 0.1 ~ 0.15 cm/yr.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.265-275
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• 2012

As climate change is becoming a growing concern and the importance of water management is increasing, the retention of carbon and nutrients in wetland soils including inland and coastal area has become important. In this study, retention characteristics of organic matter and nutrients of coastal sediment and soils in different types of wetlands such as constructed wetland, natural (inland marsh, estuary, tidal flat) wetlands were investigated. A correlation analysis was also performed to understand the relationship among organic matter properties, nutrient concentrations and soil texture of wetland soils. The degree of retention of organic matter and nitrogen in wetland soils varied with the wetland type. Inland wetlands retain more nitrogen than estuary or coastal wetlands, and natural wetlands retain more organic matter and nitrogen than constructed ones. Coastal sediments in a bay area where seawater circulation is restricted have more nutrients than those in estuary or tidal flats where seawater circulates well. The results showed that the sediment chemical oxygen demand has a high correlation with the total organic carbon and the total nitrogen in the studied area.