• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.420-423
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• 2005

A 2-year-old 16-kg, intact female lindo was presented with weight loss and poor hair coat. Abnormal serum biochemical values included mild hypokalemia (3.9 mmol/L, reference range 4.37 to 5.35 mmol/L) and mild hyperglycemia (124 mg/dl, reference range 65 to 118 mg/dl). in the complete blood count and diagnostic imaging examination, abnormal changes wer not seen. The analysis of urine sample obtained from cystocentesis revealed glucosuria (> 100 mg/dl) and mild proteinuria. Repeated analysis after admission showed persistent glucosuria and hypokalemia. But blood glucose values did not exceed the renal threshold fur glucose reabsorption. To differentiate cause of the glucosuria, the glucose tolerance test and the low-dosage dexamethasone suppression test were indicated. Results of both tests were normal. In addition, the serum total thyroxine $(T_4)$ value was within normal range. The arterial blood gas analysis showed no remarkable changes. The fractional reabsorption rates of amino acids and phosphorus were calculated above $97\%$. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed as renal glucosuria due to proximal renal tubular dysfunction. But this persistent renal glucosuria with hypokalemia may be the initial sign of Fanconi's syndrome or proximal renal tubular acidosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2006

Maize-soybean meal diets with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg double zero rapeseed meal ('00' RSM) with and without an enzyme mixture (xylanase, pectinase, cellulase) at a level of 1.6 g/kg were evaluated with 624 day-old broiler chicks for 5 weeks. The birds were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with three replicates of 26 birds each. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and ileal viscosity, organ weights, serum enzyme activity, hormonal profile and hematological parameters were measured at the end of week 5. Average daily gain during the weekly periods was significantly influenced by the dietary level of '00'RSM (p<0.01). Inclusion of '00' RSM improved the ADG up to day 28 with the increased level; beyond that time no improvement was recorded when compared to control groups. However, ADG from 1-35 days was significantly different between 300 g/kg inclusion level of '00' RSM and the control diet. Inconsistent decline in feed intake and feed conversion ratio was observed up to day 21 and the trend was reversed thereafter. The proportion of '00' RSM in the diet had a significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) influence on thyroid weight but had no effect on the relative weights of liver and heart, serum enzyme activities (${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase), thyroid hormones ($T_3$ and $T_4$), hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Significant improvement in ADG was recorded during the 2nd week of age with the addition of enzyme, whereas for all other periods, including the whole period of the trial, higher but non-significant ADG was observed. FI and FCR were not affected by the addition of enzyme but there was a numerical reduction in FCR during the whole period. The addition of enzyme reduced the ileal viscosity at all levels of '00' RSM inclusion. The results suggest that '00' RSM can be included up to 300 g/kg in broiler diets without any adverse effects on health and performance. The addition of commercial enzyme mixture containing xylanase, pectinase, cellulase to broiler diets containing '00'RSM has some effect on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Objective : To suggest a scientific evidence of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata: ALRP) as one of cooling and heating medicines on the regulation of body temperature, we investigated the effects of ALRP water extract on hypothyroidism. Methods : Hypothyroidism was induced by intradermal injection with PTU for 4 weeks in SD rats. ALRP extract or L-thyroxine as a control drug was orally administrated for 2 weeks with PTU injection in rats. The physiological and serological parameters were measured in rats. The histological change of thyroid tissues was observed by H&E staining, and also the expression of thermo-regulating proteins was determined by Western blot in dorsal root ganglia and brain tissues of rats. Results : The administration of ALRP extract in PTU-induced hypothyroidism rats was significantly increased body temperature, but did not changes on body weight, food and water intake. ALRP extract did not effect on the levels of TSH and T4 in the hypothyroidism rats. ALRP extract significantly decreased the levels of GPT, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol in the hypothyroidism rats. In histological observation, the enlarged epithelium and atrophic follicles with higher concentration of follicular cells on hypothyroidism were improved by ALRP extract. In addition, ALRP extract increased the expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in hypothyroidism rats. Conclusion : These results indicate that ALRP extract can improve PTU-induced hypothyroidism through regulation of body temperature and lipid accumulation. The action mechanism of ALRP extract is related with body temperature control by thermoregulation with TRP ion channels.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2005

본 시험은 미역분말의 첨가가 홀스타인 젖소의 유생산과 내분비계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 기초사료에 미역분말을 1일 두당 800g 수준으로 급여하여 대조구와 비교하였다. 사료건물섭취량은 처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았고 비유말기 산유량은 대조구에 비해 일일 6.25kg 이나 많게 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만 유성분은 처리구간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대조구의 체세포수는 유동적이었지만 처리구의 체세포수는 시험 종료 시 $10^5$개/ml로 시험개시에 비해 무려 53.77%의 감소효과를 보여 탁월한 체세포 감소효과를 나타내었다. 미역분말의 첨가가 혈중 면역글로부린의 함량에는 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 비유에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 IGF-1의 혈장농도는 미역처리구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 비유와 직접적인 관련이 있는 또 다른 호르몬인 $T_3$ 와 $T_4$의 농도도 유의적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 지질대사산물인 TC, HDL-C와 LDL-C의 농도는 모두 처리구에서 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 미역부산물의 사료 중 첨가는 유생산량의 증가를 보였는데 이는 혈중 비유관련 호르몬의 분비에 영향을 준 결과로 확인된 바 젖소사료자원으로서의 응용가치가 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1990

Propylthiouracil(PTU)을 4주 및 12주간 투여한 흰쥐의 대동맥을 적출하여 혈관수축제와 이완제에 대한 반응을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. PTU를 처치한 실험군에서는 대조군에 비해 현저한 체중저하와 혈중 갑상선호르몬의 감소를 보였다. PTU를 처치한 흰쥐의 대동맥에 대한 norepinephrine (NE)과, calcium및 potassium 이온에 의한 최대수축 반응은 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었다. 그러나 NE에 대한 중간유효량은 증가되었으나, calcium이온에 대한 중간 유효량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 acetylcholine, histamine, isoproterenol 및 nitroprusside에 의한 대동맥의 이완작용은 대조군에 비해 증가된 경향을 보였다. PTU를 12주간 처치한 군에 있어서 acetylcholine에 의한 최대 이완반응은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었지만 다른 이완제에 의해서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. PTU를 4주간 처치한 군에 있어서는 대조군에 비하여 혈관이완제에 대한 중간억제량은 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 12주 처치군에 있어서는 isoproterenol 및 nitroprusside에 대한 중간억제량은 감소 되었으나 acetylcholine 및 histamine에 대한 중간억제량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 PTU-처치에 의한 혈관 반응성의 변화는 혈관 내피세포보다는 혈관 평활근세포자체의 변화에 기인되며, 이러한 세포내의 변화는 갑상선 기능이 저하된 후에도 계속되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2018

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with negative neonatal and obstetric outcomes. Large differences in thyroid function reference intervals exist across different populations. These differences can be explained by population-specific factors, such as iodine status. Many countries in Latin America report iodine sufficiency, but relatively few countries have published up-to-date data on iodine levels and thyroid function in the overall population, and especially in pregnant women. We evaluated the iodine status of pregnant women in Chile and determined thyroid hormone reference ranges in this population. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of healthy Chilean women at their first prenatal visit before week 14. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine ($T_4$), free $T_4$, antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and iodine levels from spot urine samples were measured. Iodine status and the reference ranges for TSH were calculated. Results: A total of 1,022 pregnant women in the first trimester were selected. Urinary iodine levels were measured in 302 randomly-selected women. The median urinary iodine concentration was $173.45{\mu}g/L$ (interquartile range, 108.11 to 249.35).The reference ranges of TSH were calculated in 670 patients selected according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines. The median TSH level was $1.88{\mu}IU/mL$ (2.5th percentile: 0.13 to 97.5th percentile: 5.37). Using the reference range in the 1,022 women, the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 1.76%, and that of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.92%. TPOAb positivity was more common in women with TSH levels above $3.5{\mu}IU/mL$. Conclusion: We found adequate iodine intake and a right-shifted distribution of serum TSH levels in pregnant women in Chile. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in our sample of pregnant women was higher than has been described in the literature.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 한라산을 우점하는 제주조릿대 조절을 위한 활용 방법의 다양화방안 중 하나로 제주조릿대를 추출물로 가공하여 돼지에게 급여하여 사료첨가제로써 가능성에 대해 조사하였다. 추출물의 효과를 평가하기 위해서 돼지의 성장 능력, 혈액 내 혈청성분, 육질 특성을 조사하였다. 추출물 첨가에 따라 일당증체량, 도체중, 등지방 두께의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 돼지의 혈액 내 혈청 성분을 분석한 결과, CREA, GLU, T4의 수치가 유의적으로 변화되는 것을 확인하였다. CREA 농도는 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 증가하였으며, GLU의 수치와 T4의 수치는 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 언급된 3가지 외의 다른 수치도 차이를 보이지 않았으나 모든 수치는 정상 범위 내 존재하였다. 제주조릿대 추출물 첨가에 따른 육질 특성 변화는 일반성분 분석, 육질 지표, 육색으로 살펴보았으며 각 조사항목에서 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 제주조릿대 추출물 첨가에 의한 성장 능력과 육질 특성은 첨가에 따른 변화는 없었지만 추출물 첨가가 영양학적, 식육학적으로 돼지의 생산성을 저해하지 않아 제주조릿대 활용방안으로써 양돈 사료에 적용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 혈당 감소 효과와 같은 제주조릿대의 약용물질 역할은 건강한 돼지와 안전한 고기를 생산할 수 있는 기초 자료로써 사용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2019

Objective: Heat stress poses an increasing threat for poultry production. Some amino acids have been found to play critical roles in affording thermotolerance. Recently, it was found that in ovo administration of L-leucine (L-Leu) altered amino acid metabolism and afforded thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chicks. Methods: In this study, two doses (35 and $70{\mu}mol/egg$) of L-Leu were administered in ovo on embryonic day 7 to determine their effect on rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and thyroid hormones at hatching. Changes in RT, BW, and thermotolerance in post-hatched chicks were also analyzed. Results: It was found that in ovo administration of L-Leu dose-dependently reduced RT and plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) level just after hatching. In post-hatched neonatal broiler chicks, however, the higher dose of L-Leu administered in ovo significantly increased RT without affecting BW gain. In chicks that had been exposed to heat stress, the RT was significantly lowered by in ovo administration of L-Leu (high dose) in comparison with the control chicks under the same high ambient temperature (HT: $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 120 min). Conclusion: In ovo administration of L-Leu in a high dose contributed to an increased daily body temperature and afforded thermotolerance under HT in neonatal broiler chicks.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-64
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Jaeumkanghwa-tang (JEKHT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods: Six groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study - intact vehicle control, PTU control, Levothyroxine ($LT_4$), JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. JEKHT were administered once a day for 42 days as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body and organ weight, serum hormone and lipid profiles, liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed with histopathology of organs. Results were compared with $LT_4$ 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally treated rats in this experiment. Results: PTU treatment, marked decrease of body weight, increases of thyroid weight, decreases of liver, testis, epididymis and prostate weights, decreases of serum Tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$), and Thyroxine ($T_4$) level with increase of serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, decreases of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level with increases of serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level, increases of serum High density lipoprotein (HDL), decrease of triglyceride content, increase of serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, decreases of liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contents and diameters was additionally demonstrated with the decrease of hepatocyte numbers per unit area due to hypertrophy of hepatocytes related to lipid droplet depositions, increase of a/oligospermatic epididymal tubules with epididymal atrophic changes, seminiferous tubular atrophy with decrease of stage I~II seminiferous tubules in testis, prostate tubular atrophic changes at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic and male reproductive organ damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and JEKHT also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense factor changes in the both liver and testis. Conclusions: JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver and male reproductive organ damages in rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2000

An experiment was carried out to study plasma levels of hormones and metabolites of crossbred Holstein cattle during late pregnancy (28 days pre partum), early lactation (30 days post partum), mid-lactation (120 days post partum) and late lactation (210 days post partum). Two breed types of Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (50:50 = 50%HF) and Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (87.5:12.5 = 87.5%HF) were divided into four groups of four animals each. Two groups of each breed were fed with either rice straw treated with 5% urea or pangola hay (Digitaria decumbens) as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. There were a substantial increases in the mean levels of total triiodothyronine ($T_3$), insulin and glucagon at the onset of lactation, and maintained in a high levels during lactation advance for all groups of experiments. The mean levels of prolactin and thyroxine ($T_4$) were not significantly different among groups of animals, but the plasma cortisol concentration was slightly higher in both groups of 50%HF in comparison with those of 87.5%HF animals. The mean levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) of both groups of 87.5%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw markedly rose in the early period of lactation and markedly reduced in mid- and late lactation. These changes were accompanied with changes of milk yield. In contrast to 50%HF animals, plasma GH levels were considerably higher in the late pregnant period than in the early period of lactation and it remained constant as its value at the early lactation throughout the experimental period. The high levels of both plasma progesterone and estradiol concentration significantly declined after parturition and remained low through lactating period. The plasma glucose level in the 50%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw was higher than the 87.5%HF animals in all periods of experiments. Changes in plasma FFA levels of both types of crossbred animals were depended on the endocrine status during late pregnancy and lactation. The levels of plasma FFA of 50%HF animals were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 87.5%HF animals during late pregnancy. Both plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate concentrations were not affected by feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw during late pregnancy and lactation. These data demonstrate that there were no differences in the physiological performances in the same crossbred animals fed either hay or urea treated rice straw. The 87.5%HF animal has the genetic potential for a high milk yield and homeorhetic adaptation for mammary function differed from 50%HF animals during periods of lactation. Altering lactation persistency in 87.5%HF is regulated mainly by chronically acting growth hormones through the period of lactation.