• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1324-1330
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• 2017

Complete genome sequences of three new plant RNA viruses, Spinach deltapartitivirus 1 (SpDPV1), Spinach amalgavirus 1 (SpAV1), and Spinach latent virus (SpLV), were identified from a spinach (Spinacia oleracea) transcriptome dataset. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of SpDPV1, SpAV1, and SpLV showed 72%, 53%, and 93% amino acid sequence identities with the homologous RdRp of the most closely related virus, respectively, suggesting that SpDPV1 and SpAV1 were novel viruses. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses revealed that SpDPV1 belonged to the genus Deltapartitivirus of the family Partitiviridae, SpAV1 to the genus Amalgavirus of the family Amalgaviridae, and SpLV to the genus Ilarvirus of the family Bromoviridae. Based on the demarcation criteria, SpDPV1 and SpAV1 are considered as novel species of the genera Deltapartitivirus and Amalgavirus, respectively. This is the first report of these two viruses from spinach.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2023

Two feather mites, Brephosceles anatina Dubinin, 1951 (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) and Freyana anatina (Koch, 1844) (Pterolichoidea: Freyanidae), have been reported for the first time from the Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866 (Anseriformes: Anatidae), in Korea. The genera Brephosceles Hull, 1934 and Freyana Haller, 1877 are new records of Korean fauna. The morphology of B. anatina is distinguished from three species of the lambda species group in having legs IV extending the level of setae e2 with the distal end of the tarsus in males, and the incision on the posterior margin of the hysteronotal shield triangular-shaped and distinctly longer than its greatest width in females. Freyana anatina is distinguished from F. nyrocae and F. obliquasetae in having setae ps1 with a rectangle bend in homeomorphic males, and setae ps1 obliquely ovate and divergent, with the inner canal going obliquely across the membranous part of these setae in females. This study provides morphological redescriptions of both feather mite species supplemented with partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI), based on specimens collected in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.75-99
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• 2014

A small dinoflagellate, Ansanella granifera gen. et sp. nov., was isolated from estuarine and marine waters, and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the identity of the sequences (3,663-bp product) of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2), and D1-D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA were determined. This newly isolated, thin-walled dinoflagellate has a type E eyespot and a single elongated apical vesicle, and it is closely related to species belonging to the family Suessiaceae. A. granifera has 10-14 horizontal rows of amphiesmal vesicles, comparable to Biecheleria spp. and Biecheleriopsis adriatica, but greater in number than in other species of the family Suessiaceae. Unlike Biecheleria spp. and B. adriatica, A. granifera has grana-like thylakoids. Further, A. granifera lacks a nuclear fibrous connective, which is present in B. adriatica. B. adriatica and A. granifera also show a morphological difference in the shape of the margin of the cingulum. In A. granifera, the cingular margin formed a zigzag line, and in B. adriatica a straight line, especially on the dorsal side of the cell. The episome is conical with a round apex, whereas the hyposome is trapezoidal. Cells growing photosynthetically are $10.0-15.0{\mu}m$ long and $8.5-12.4{\mu}m$ wide. The cingulum is descending, the two ends displaced about its own width. Cells of A. granifera contain 5-8 peripheral chloroplasts, stalked pyrenoids, and a pusule system, but lack nuclear envelope chambers, a nuclear fibrous connective, lamellar body, rhizocysts, and a peduncle. The main accessory pigment is peridinin. The SSU, ITS regions, and D1-D3 LSU rDNA sequences differ by 1.2-7.4%, >8.8%, and >2.5%, respectively, from those of the other known genera in the order Suessiales. Moreover, the SSU rDNA sequence differed by 1-2% from that of the three most closely related species, Polarella glacialis, Pelagodinium bei, and Protodinium simplex. In addition, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence differed by 16-19% from that of the three most closely related species, Gymnodinium corii, Pr. simplex, and Pel. bei, and the LSU rDNA sequence differed by 3-4% from that of the three most closely related species, Protodinium sp. CCMP419, B. adriatica, and Gymnodinium sp. CCMP425. A. granifera had a 51-base pair fragment in domain D2 of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA, which is absent in the genus Biecheleria. In the phylogenetic tree based on the SSU and LSU sequences, A. granifera is located in the large clade of the family Suessiaceae, but it forms an independent clade.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

Halotolerant spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the root, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil of Blutaparon portulacoides. The different isolates were characterized genetically using an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and phenotypically based on their colonial morphology, physiology, and nutritional requirements. Three different 16S rRNA gene-based genotypes were observed at a 100% similarity using the enzymes HinfI, MspI, and RsaI, and the phenotypic results also followed the ARDRA groupings. Selected strains, representing the different ARDRA groups, were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and members of the genera Halobaeillus, Virgibacillus, and Oceanobacillus were found. Two isolates showed low 16S rDNA sequence similarities with the closest related species of Halobacillus, indicating the presence of new species among the isolates. The majority of the strains isolated in this study seemed to belong to the species O. iheyensis and were compared using an AP-PCR to determine whether they had a clonal origin or not. Different patterns allowed the grouping of the strains according to Pearson's coefficient, and the resulting dendrogram revealed the formation of two main clusters, denoted as A and B. All the strains isolated from the soil were grouped into cluster A, whereas cluster B was exclusively composed of the strains associated with the B. portulacoides roots. This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of halotolerant spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria that coexist with B. portulacoides. As such, these new strains may be a potential source for the discovery of bioactive compounds with industrial value.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.217-236
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• 2016

Polyporoid and corticioid fungi are among the most important wood-decay fungi. Not only do they contribute to nutrient cycling by decomposing wood debris, but they are also valuable sources for natural products. Polyporoid and corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi were investigated in Odaesan National Park. Fruit bodies were collected and identified based on morphological and molecular analyses using 28S and internal transcribed spacer regions of DNA sequences. As a result, a total of 149 species, 69 genera, 22 families, and 11 orders were recognized. Half (74 species) of the species were polypores, and the other half (75 species) were corticioid fungi. Most of the species belonged to Polyporales (92 species) followed by Hymenochaetales (33 species) and Russulales (11 species). At the genus level, a high number of species was observed from Steccherinum, Hyphodontia, Phanerochaete, Postia, and Trametes. Concerning distribution, almost all the species could be found below 1,000 m, and only 20% of the species were observed from above 1,000 m. Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta, T. pubescens, Bjerkandera adusta, and Ganoderma applanatum had wide distribution areas. Deciduous wood was the preferred substrate for the collected species. Sixty-three species were new to this region, and 21 species were new to Korea, of which 17 species were described and illustrated.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2011

제주도 숨은물벵뒤 습지에서 Betaproteobacteria의 종다양성을 조사하였고, 신분류군 후보 22균주를 확보하였다. 분리주의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 분석한 결과Burkholderiaceae (3균주), Comamonadaceae (8균주), Oxalobacteraceae (5균주) 및 Neisseriaceae (5균주) 등 4개 과에 속한 15속, 그리고 소속 미상의 Burkholderiales 소속1속(1균주)으로 동정되었다. Chromobacterium 속에 속한 3종의 신분류군 후보를 확보하였고, Burkholderia, Comamonas, Pelomonas 및 Herbaspirillum의 4속에는 각각 2종씩, 그리고 나머지 속은 각각 1종씩의 신분류군 후보를 확보할 수 있었다. 이들 신분류군 후보에 대해 형태 및 배양학적 특징의 분석과 더불어 막지방산 및 API 20NE 분석을 실시하여 22종의 신분류군 후보에 대한 특징을 기술하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.497-540
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• 2007

지금까지 보고된 하부 오르도비스기의 Tremadocian과 Arenigian에 속하는 방산충 군집들 간에는 유사성이나 연관성이 거의 보이지 않았다. Tremadocian에서 Arenigian의 방산충 군집의 진화경향을 알 수 없었던 이유는 후기 Tremadocian 방산충 군집에 대해 알려진 바가 없었기 때문이다. 캐나다 뉴파운드랜드의 Cow Head Group에서 후기 Tremadocian에 속하는 방산충 화석 군집들이 처음으로 발견되었다. 이 새로운 방산충 군집들은 모두 6과, 11속, 26종에 속한다. 이들 가운데 6속 17종이 새로이 발견된 것들이다. Arenigian에서만 보고되었던 Proventocitidae에 속하는 종들이 다양하게 산출되었다. 초기 Tremadocian에 번성했던 Protoentactiniidae와 Echidniniidae에 속하는 것들은 감소하고 Aspiculumidae에 속하는 것들은 더욱 분화되어 다양하고 풍부하게 산출되었다. 방산충과 함께 출현하는 코노돈트 연구로 Low Diversity Interval에서 M. dianae Zone 그리고 하부 P. proteus Zone에 속하는 후기 Tremadocian 방산충 군집들로 밝혀졌다. 또한 R. manitouensis Zone에 속하는 코노돈트 화석군집이 발견되어 중기와 후기 Tremadocian에 속하는 Cow Head Group이 분포하는 여러 지역 간의 (Martin Point, Western Brook Pond, Broom Point, 그리고 St. Paul's Inlet) 층서대비를 보다 정확하게 할 수 있었고, 코노돈트 생층서에서는 R. manitouensis Zone, Low Diversity Interval, M. dianae Zone, 그리고 하부 P. proteus Zone이 식별되었다.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2019

목적: 매미에 기생하는 동충하초를 1990 년부터 2016년까지 매년 7월부터 10월까지 주로 한국에서 수집하고 분류하는 것이 목적이었다. 그러나 네팔, 베트남, 일본, 중국, 태국에서 자주 채집을 하였다. 방법: 매미에 기주로 한 동충하초를 산에서 채집하였다. 결과: 9개 속과 10개 종에 속하는 총 1,104개의 표본이 수집하였다. 가장 많은 수의표본은 Ophiocordyceps (563개)이었고, 이어서 Isaria (361개), Polycephalomyces (73개), Cordyceps (70개), Beauveria (25개), Perennicordyceps (8개), Metarhizium (2개) 그리고 Purpureocillium (2개)이었다. Ophiocordyceps종 중. O. longissima는 563개 중에 총 426개의 표본으로 가장 많이 수집되었으며, 120개가 수집된 O. heteropoda와 17개의 표본이 있는 O. sobolifera이었다. 주로한국에서 채집되었지만 C. ishikariensis는 네팔에서만 채집되었다. 새로운 특징은 Isaria cicada-like synnemata가 같은 숙주에서 C. ishikariensis stromata와 함께 자라는 것을 발견했다. 한국에서는 1,104개 중총 691개의 표본이 제주도 한라산에서 발견되었다. 표본을 수집한 한국의 다른 산들은 대룡, 용문, 삼악, 설악, 구절, 두륜, 백암, 칠갑, 청등, 내장, 월출, 지리, 대룡산 등 이었다. 채집한 샘풀 중에서 3개는 미확정되었다. 결론: 총 1,104개의 표본은 9개의 속(genus), 10종류의 종(species)으로 분류되었고, 수집된 691개의 샘풀은 제주도 한라산에서 채집되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2010

To obtain an efficient natural lignocellulolytic complex enzyme, we screened an efficient lignocellulose-degrading composite microbial system (XDC-2) from composted agricultural and animal wastes amended soil following a long-term directed acclimation. Not only could the XDC-2 degrade natural lignocelluloses, but it could also secrete extracellular xylanase efficiently in liquid culture under static conditions at room temperature. The XDC-2 degraded rice straw by 60.3% after fermentation for 15 days. Hemicelluloses were decomposed effectively, whereas the extracellular xylanase activity was dominant with an activity of 8.357 U/ml on day 6 of the fermentation period. The extracellular crude enzyme noticeably hydrolyzed natural lignocelluloses. The optimum temperature and pH for the xylanase activity were $40^{\circ}C$ and 6.0. However, the xylanase was activated in a wide pH range of 3.0-10.0, and retained more than 80% of its activity at $25-35^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0-8.0 after three days of incubation in liquid culture under static conditions. PCR-DGGE analysis of successive subcultures indicated that the XDC-2 was structurally stable over long-term restricted and directed cultivation. Analysis of the 168 rRNA gene clone library showed that the XDC-2 was mainly composed of mesophilic bacteria related to the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, etc. Our results offer a new approach to exploring efficient lignocellulolytic enzymes by constructing a high-performance composite microbial system with synergistic complex enzymes.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

In Seoul, a majority of plant communities have undergone significant changes over the last few decades; however, how wood decay fungi have responded and adapted to the changes in vegetation remains unknown. Through an ongoing investigation of Korean indigenous fungi, ca. 300 specimens with poroid basidiocarp were collected in Seoul during 2008~2012. Morphological examination and molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA region sequences helped identify 38 species belonging to 28 genera, 10 families, and 5 orders in this area. Among them, three polypores, Abundisporus pubertatis, Coriolopsis strumosa, and Perenniporia maackiae were found to be new to South Korea.