• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of various dressing materials applied to tree wounds in Korea. Significantly higher wound closure rates than those of controls were found when thiophanatemethyl paste (Topsin Paste$^{(R)}$) was applied to Ginkgo biloba, Zelkova serrata, and Prunus yedoensis; lanolin to Z. serrata and P. yedoensis; and tebuconazole paste (Silvacur$^{(R)}$) to P. yedoensis. However, significantly lower wound closure rates than those of controls were found when petroleum jelly (Vaseline$^{(R)}$) was applied to G. biloba, Z. serrata, and P. yedoensis. It was noted that the wounds of Z. serrata and P. yedoensis treated with petroleum jelly expanded due to the death of cambium located at the edge of the wounds. Wound closure rates applied with adhesive - non-toxic to human body (Okong bond$^{(R)}$) were also significantly lower than those of controls in Z. serrata. Pinus densiflora showed no reaction to any experimental wound dressing because of resin secreted from the exposed cambium.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 2003

Fungicides of tebuconazole wp, iprodione wp and flusilazole wp were applied for the control of postharvest fruit rots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in the field in 2000 and 2001. More than 3 consecutive applications of these fungicides from the late June with 10-day-interval successfully controlled the diseases. It was found in the field trial in 2002 that 4 consecutive spays from mid of June with 10-day-interval was found to be the most effective application program for tebuconazole wp, iprodione wp and flusilazole wp, The results suggested that currently registered fungicides of benomyl wp and thiophanate-methyl wp can be substituted by tebuconazole wp, iprodione wp and flusilazole wp for the control of the diseases in Korea. Use of these fungicides can restrain emergence of fungicide resistant strains of postharvest fruit rot pathogens with benefit of reduced application of chemicals for food safety and environmental conservation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.171-181
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• 2018

Fruit rot is the principal phytopathological problem of pipiana pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) in the state of Guerrero. The aims of this research were to 1) identify the causal agent of southern blight on pumpkin fruits by morphological, pathogenic, and molecular analysis (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2); 2) evaluate in vitro Trichoderma spp. strains and chemical fungicides; and 3) evaluate under rainfed field conditions, the strains that obtained the best results in vitro, combined with fungicides during two crop cycles. Number of commercial and non-commercial fruits at harvest, and seed yield ($kg\;ha^{-1}$) were registered. Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization identified Sclerotium rolfsii as the causal agent of rot in pipiana pumpkin fruits. Now, in vitro conditions, the highest inhibition of S. rolfsii were obtained by Trichoderma virens strain G-41 (70.72%), T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 (69%), and the fungicides metalaxyl (100%), pyraclostrobin (100%), quintozene (100%), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (100%), and prochloraz (100%). Thiophanate-methyl only delayed growth (4.17%). In field conditions, during the spring-summer 2015 cycle, T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 + metalaxyl, and T. asperellum + cyprodinil + fludioxonil, favored the highest number of fruits and seed yield in the crop.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

Several pathogens associated with bulb rot of lilies in storage house were identified with respect to rot types. Rot patterns were grouped into four different types; brown rot of bottoms, brown rot of shoots, water-soaked rot and blue mold. Brown rot of bottoms was the highest in frequency with 72.5%, and brown rot of shoots the least with 23.0%. Dominant pathogens were differed with rot patterns, brown rot of bottoms by Fusarium oxysporum, blue mold and brown rot of shoots by Penicillium brevicompactum and P. fellutanum. In wound-inoculation tests, Penicillium and Fusarium isolates caused severe rot on the bulbs. Bulb disinfection before storage by captan showed the most prominent control value of 95.2% followed by thiophanate-methyl with 85.6%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2002

This study was carried out to select fungicides which are effective for the control of anthracnose disease of Carthamus tintorious L. caused by Cottetotrichum acutatum. Eive chemicals, i.e., thiophanate-methyl$.$triflumizole, iminoctadinetris$.$thiram, metiram, bitertanol$.$propineb, metalaxyl$.$dithianon were treated to Cheongiu native variety for the test of control effect. The results obtained were summarized as the follows; No. of harvested plants per ㎡ was most in iminoctadinetris$.$thiram and its value showed 21.2 compared with 16.8 in control. Iminoctadinetris$.$thiram and metiram were most effective to control the disease and their contyol values were 57.2%, and 49.4%, respectively. Chemical injury of five chemicals was not occurred at the double-diluted solution treatment. Seed yield was 47∼48% higher in iminoctadinetris$.$thiram and metiram than 75 kg/10 a in control.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2023

Fungal isolates from infected Chinese quince trees were found to cause black rot in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea. The quince leaves withered and turned reddish-brown and fruits underwent black mummification. To elucidate the cause of these symptoms, the pathogen was isolated from infected leaf and fruit tissues on potato dextrose agar and Levan media. Several fungal colonies forming a fluffy white or dark gray mycelium and two types of fungi forming an aerial white mycelium, growing widely at the edges, were isolated. Microscopic observations, investigation of fungal growth characteristics on various media, and molecular identification using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes were performed. The fungal pathogens were identified as Diplodia parva and Diplodia crataegicola. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogen-inoculated fruits exhibited a layered pattern, turning brown rotting; leaves showed circular brown necrotic lesions. The developed symptoms were similar to those observed in the field. Fungal pathogens were reisolated to fulfill Koch's postulates. Apples were inoculated with fungal pathogens to investigate the host range. Strong pathogenicity was evident in the fruits, with browning and rotting symptoms 3 days after inoculation. To determine pathogen control, a fungicidal sensitivity test was conducted using four registered fungicides. Thiophanate-methyl, propineb, and tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and identification of the fungal pathogens D. parva and D. crataegicola from infected fruits and leaves of Chinese quince, causing black rot disease in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to select effective fungicides for the control of Fusarium head bight (FHB) of wheat. We tested fourteen commercial fungicides against FHB in the laboratory and under field. Fludioxonil FS, Fludioxonil SC, and Benomyl + Thiram WP highly inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum on the medium while Oxine-copper WP, Thiophanate-methyl WP, and Copper hydroxide WP were not effective against FHB. To verify the disease control in field condition, we selected four fungicides such as Fludioxonil SC, Captan WP, Difenoconazole + propiconazole EC, and Metconazole SC. Their control efficacy on FHB disease severity of wheat was examined after the fungicide treatment twice (30th April and 10th May, 2012) in the two field locations (Iksan and Gimje). With no treatment, FHB severity was 45% and 33.7% in Gimje and Iksan, respectively. FHB disease incidence after fungicide treatment was between 0.3% and 2.2% in Gimje, showing over 95% FHB disease control. FHB disease incidence of fungicide-treated sector in Iksan showed slightly higher than Gimje but the control value of fungicides exhibited 87-90%. No side effect of the chemicals was observed in fungicide treatment. These results showed that four fungicides were effective in the FHB disease control in wheat.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.40-46
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• 2000

To select the effective fungicides for the control of leaf spot disease of jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba) caused by Phoma sp., inhibitory effects of 26 fungicides for mycelial growth were investigated at $250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$. In the test, eight fungicides were selected and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for mycelial growth and an inhibitory effect for spore germination were investigated. Among the fungicides, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, and triflumizole were excluded in control effect tests because of their relatively high MICs. MICs were ranged $10-50{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for benomyl, carbendazim + kasugamycin (CK), and thiophanate-methyl. triflumizole (TT), and $50-250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for iprodione + propineb (IT) and iminoctadine-triacelate (IT). However, benomyl and IP showed very low inhibitory effect on conidial germination. When the fungicides were sprayed on the seedlings before the leaves were inoculated with conidial suspension of Phoma sp., the protective values of CK and TT were around 70% at 1,000 ppm and around 90% at 2,000 ppm. The protective values were around 70% at 2,000 ppm (benomyl), 4,000 ppm (IP), and 8,000 ppm (IT). When the fungicides were sprayed after inoculation, benomyl showed the highest curative values of over 90% at 1,000 ppm and the values of CK and TT ranged $70{\sim}80%$ at 1,000 ppm. However, IP and IT had little or no effect on therapy of the disease. IT caused necrotic phytotoxicity on the leaves of jujube seedlings. As results, the best fungicides for the protection of jujube trees from leaf spot disease were CK (2,000 ppm) and TT (2,000 ppm) and for the remedy of the tree, benomyl (1,000 ppm) was the best. Therefore, alternate application of benomyl and CK or TT will be effective in the disease control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Two Field tests were conducted at Buan and Yangpyung in 2012 and 2013 to confirm controlling effect of mulberry popcorn disease and mulberry Sucker pests which are becoming serious in mass cultivation area of eco-friendly farming mulberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: As the treatments, 4 Natural products and 3 microbials were applied and 4 mulching materials were used. On the prevent effect of mulberry popcorn disease(Sclerotinia shiraiana) by using mulching materials, nonwoven fabric mulching showed worse effect than non-mulched treatment plot. Moreover, rice straw mulching showed significantly worse effect compare to nonwoven fabric and herb mulching treatments. Natural plant extracts and microbials showed 40~65% control value in 2013, which is little bit worse than 2012 results. On the control effect of mulberry Sucker(Amomoneura mori), organic products which combined with neem, sophora and derris showed excellent result as similar control level of Thiophanate-methyl. It means the chemical products can be replaced with organic product. CONCLUSION(S): According to the 2 years studied results, integrate eco-friendly farming measures are recommended for control of mulberry popcorn disease, because any single method is seemed not sufficient enough. However, natural plant extracts mixture is recommended as a product to control of mulberry Sucker.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1985

Responses to the 14 fungicides added in PSA of penicillium expansum isolated froms the four major apple growing areas in Korea were examined. Degrees of the fungal tolerance were various with little difference by area and with great difference by kind and concentration of fungicide. Fall isolates of the fungus grew at higher fungicide concentration than did the spring isolates. $ED_{50}$ and MIC to mycelial growth of genomyl, garbenda, polydong, polyoxin and thiophanate methyl were $0.1{\mu}g-41.7{\mu}g/ml\;and\;100{\mu}g-2,250{\mu}g/ml,$, respectively, indicating high fungicide effects on the fungus isolated from decayed apples in storages and infected apples in orchards with low fungal tolerance; of captafol, captan, iprodione and mancozeb were $2.6{\mu}g - 750{\mu}g/ml\;and\;638{\mu}g-40,500{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, indicating medium degree of both fungicidal effects and fungal tolerance; and of chlorothalonil, folpet, oxidong, propineb and triademefon were $27.8{\mu}g-8,354{\mu}g/ml\;and\;2,625{\mu}g-150,357{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, indicating low fungicide effects and high fungal tolerance. Fungicidal inhibitory effects on conidia formation exhibited a similar trend as on mycelial growth whereas those on conidia germination showed an opposite trend to the mycelial growth with the exception of polyoxin and triademefon.