• Title/Summary/Keyword: thin film transistor

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High resolution flexible e-paper driven by printed OTFT

  • Hu, Tarng-Shiang;Wang, Yi-Kai;Peng, Yu-Rung;Yang, Tsung-Hua;Chiang, Ko-Yu;Lo, Po-Yuan;Chang, Chih-Hao;Hsu, Hsin-Yun;Chou, Chun-Cheng;Hsieh, Yen-Min;Liu, Chueh-Wen;Hu, Jupiter
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.421-427
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    • 2009
  • We successfully fabricated 4.7-inch organic thin film transistors array with $640{\times}480$ pixels on flexible substrate. All the processes were done by photolithography, spin coating and ink-jet printing. The OTFT-Electrophoretic (EP) pixel structure, based on a top gate OTFT, was fabricated. The mobility, ON/OFF ratio, subthreshold swing and threshold voltage of OTFT on flexible substrate are: 0.01 ^2/V-s, 1.3 V/dec, 10E5 and -3.5 V. After laminated the EP media on OTFT array, a panel of 4.7-inch $640{\times}480$ OTFT-EPD was fabricated. All of process temperature in OTFT-EPD is lower than $150^{\circ}C$. The pixel size in our panel is $150{\mu}m{\times}150{\mu}m$, and the aperture ratio is 50 %. The OTFT channel length and width is 20 um and 200um, respectively. We also used OTFT to drive EP media successfully. The operation voltages that are used on the gate bias are -30 V during the row data selection and the gate bias are 0 V during the row data hold time. The data voltages that are used on the source bias are -20 V, 0 V, and 20 V during display media operation.

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Synthesis of Uniformly Doped Ge Nanowires with Carbon Sheath

  • Kim, Tae-Heon;;Choe, Sun-Hyeong;Seo, Yeong-Min;Lee, Jong-Cheol;Hwang, Dong-Hun;Kim, Dae-Won;Choe, Yun-Jeong;Hwang, Seong-U;Hwang, Dong-Mok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.08a
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    • pp.289-289
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    • 2013
  • While there are plenty of studies on synthesizing semiconducting germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process, it is difficult to inject dopants into them with uniform dopants distribution due to vapor-solid (VS) deposition. In particular, as precursors and dopants such as germane ($GeH_4$), phosphine ($PH_3$) or diborane ($B_2H_6$) incorporate through sidewall of nanowire, it is hard to obtain the structural and electrical uniformity of Ge NWs. Moreover, the drastic tapered structure of Ge NWs is observed when it is synthesized at high temperature over $400^{\circ}C$ because of excessive VS deposition. In 2006, Emanuel Tutuc et al. demonstrated Ge NW pn junction using p-type shell as depleted layer. However, it could not be prevented from undesirable VS deposition and it still kept the tapered structures of Ge NWs as a result. Herein, we adopt $C_2H_2$ gas in order to passivate Ge NWs with carbon sheath, which makes the entire Ge NWs uniform at even higher temperature over $450^{\circ}C$. We can also synthesize non-tapered and uniformly doped Ge NWs, restricting incorporation of excess germanium on the surface. The Ge NWs with carbon sheath are grown via VLS process on a $Si/SiO_2$ substrate coated 2 nm Au film. Thin Au film is thermally evaporated on a $Si/SiO_2$ substrate. The NW is grown flowing $GeH_4$, HCl, $C_2H_2$ and PH3 for n-type, $B_2H_6$ for p-type at a total pressure of 15 Torr and temperatures of $480{\sim}500^{\circ}C$. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals clear surface of the Ge NWs synthesized at $500^{\circ}C$. Raman spectroscopy peaked at about ~300 $cm^{-1}$ indicates it is comprised of single crystalline germanium in the core of Ge NWs and it is proved to be covered by thin amorphous carbon by two peaks of 1330 $cm^{-1}$ (D-band) and 1590 $cm^{-1}$ (G-band). Furthermore, the electrical performances of Ge NWs doped with boron and phosphorus are measured by field effect transistor (FET) and they shows typical curves of p-type and n-type FET. It is expected to have general potentials for development of logic devices and solar cells using p-type and n-type Ge NWs with carbon sheath.

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The improvement of electrical properties of InGaZnO (IGZO)4(IGZO) TFT by treating post-annealing process in different temperatures.

  • Kim, Soon-Jae;Lee, Hoo-Jeong;Yoo, Hee-Jun;Park, Gum-Hee;Kim, Tae-Wook;Roh, Yong-Han
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2010.08a
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    • pp.169-169
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    • 2010
  • As display industry requires various applications for future display technology, which can guarantees high level of flexibility and transparency on display panel, oxide semiconductor materials are regarded as one of the best candidates. $InGaZnO_4$(IGZO) has gathered much attention as a post-transition metal oxide used in active layer in thin-film transistor. Due to its high mobility fabricated at low temperature fabrication process, which is proper for application to display backplanes and use in flexible and/or transparent electronics. Electrical performance of amorphous oxide semiconductors depends on the resistance of the interface between source/drain metal contact and active layer. It is also affected by sheet resistance on IGZO thin film. Controlling contact/sheet resistance has been a hot issue for improving electrical properties of AOS(Amorphous oxide semiconductor). To overcome this problem, post-annealing has been introduced. In other words, through post-annealing process, saturation mobility, on/off ratio, drain current of the device all increase. In this research, we studied on the relation between device's resistance and post-annealing temperature. So far as many post-annealing effects have been reported, this research especially analyzed the change of electrical properties by increasing post-annealing temperature. We fabricated 6 main samples. After a-IGZO deposition, Samples were post-annealed in 5 different temperatures; as-deposited, $100^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$. Metal deposition was done on these samples by using Mo through E-beam evaporation. For analysis, three analysis methods were used; IV-characteristics by probe station, surface roughness by AFM, metal oxidation by FE-SEM. Experimental results say that contact resistance increased because of the metal oxidation on metal contact and rough surface of a-IGZO layer. we can suggest some of the possible solutions to overcome resistance effect for the improvement of TFT electrical performances.

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Segmentation of Defective Regions based on Logical Discernment and Multiple Windows for Inspection of TFT-LCD Panels (TFT-LCD 패널 검사를 위한 지역적 분별에 기반한 결함 영역 분할 알고리즘)

  • Chung, Gun-Hee;Chung, Chang-Do;Yun, Byung-Ju;Lee, Joon-Jae;Park, Kil-Houm
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.204-214
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    • 2012
  • This paper proposes an image segmentation for a vision-based automated defect inspection system on surface image of TFT-LCD(Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) panels. TFT-LCD images have non-uniform brightness, which is hard to finding defective regions. Although there are several methods or proposed algorithms, it is difficult to divide the defect with high reliability because of non-uniform properties in the image. Kamel and Zhao disclosed a method which based on logical stage algorithm for segmentation of graphics and character. This method is a one of the local segmentation method that has a advantage. It is that characters and graphics are well segmented in an image which has non-uniform property. As TFT-LCD panel image has a same property, so this paper proposes new algorithm to segment regions of defects based on Kamel and Zhao's algorithm. Our algorithm has an advantage that there are a few ghost objects around the defects. We had experiments to prove performance in real TFT-LCD panel images, and comparing with the FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) method which is used a bandpass filter.

용액 공정을 이용한 High-k 게이트 절연막을 갖는 고성능 InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors의 전기적 특성 평가

  • So, Jun-Hwan;Park, Seong-Pyo;Lee, In-Gyu;Lee, Gi-Hun;Sin, Geon-Jo;Lee, Se-Won;Jo, Won-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.08a
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    • pp.339-339
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    • 2012
  • 지난 몇 년 동안, 투명 비정질 산화물 반도체는 유기 발광 다이오드, 플렉서블 전자 소자, 솔라 셀, 바이오 센서 등 많은 응용분야에 연구되고 있다. 투명 비정질 산화물 반도체 그룹들 중, 특히 비정질 IGZO 박막 트랜지스터는 비정질 상태임에도 불구하고 높은 이동도와 낮은 동작 전압으로 훌륭한 소자 특성을 보인다. 이러한 고성능의 IGZO 박막 트랜지스터는 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링이나 pulsed laser deposition과 같은 고진공 장비를 이용하여 이미 여러 그룹에서 제작되고 발표되었다. 하지만 진공 증착 시스템은 제조 비용의 절감이나 디스플레이 패널의 대면적화에 큰 걸림돌이 되고 있고, 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서 용액 공정은 하나의 해결책이 될 수 있다. 용액 공정의 가장 큰 장점으로는 저온 공정이 가능하기 때문에 글라스나 플라스틱 기판에서 대면적으로 제작할 수 있고 진공 장비가 필요없기 때문에 제조 비용을 획기적으로 절감시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 high-k 게이트 절연막과 IGZO 채널 층을 용액 공정을 이용하여 박막 트랜지스터를 제작하고 그에 따른 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. IGZO의 몰 비율은 In, Ga, Zn 순으로 각각 0.2 mol, 0.1 mol, 0.1 mol로 제작하였고, high-k 게이트 절연막으로는 Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2을 제작하였다. 또한, 용액 공정 IGZO TFT를 제작하기 전, 용액 공정 high-k 게이트 절연막 캐패시터를 제작하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 다양한 용액 공정 high-k 게이트 절연막 중, 용액공정 HfO2를 이용한 IGZO TFT는 228.3 [mV/dec]의 subthreshold swing, 18.5 [$cm^2/V{\cdot}s$]의 유효 전계 이동도, $4.73{\times}106$의 온/오프 비율을 보여 매우 뛰어난 전기적 특성을 확인하였다.

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Conventional and Inverted Photovoltaic Cells Fabricated Using New Conjugated Polymer Comprising Fluorinated Benzotriazole and Benzodithiophene Derivative

  • Kim, Ji-Hoon;Song, Chang Eun;Kang, In-Nam;Shin, Won Suk;Zhang, Zhi-Guo;Li, Yongfang;Hwang, Do-Hoon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.1356-1364
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    • 2014
  • A new conjugated copolymer, poly{4,8-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-4,7- bis(5-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(heptadecan-9-yl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole} (PTIPSBDT-DFDTBTz), is synthesized by Stille coupling polycondensation. The synthesized polymer has a band gap energy of 1.9 eV, and it absorbs light in the range 300-610 nm. The hole mobility of a solution-processed organic thin-film transistor fabricated using PTIPSBDT-DFDTBTz is $3.8{\times}10^{-3}cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells are fabricated, with a conventional device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:$PC_{71}BM$/Ca/Al ($PC_{71}BM$ = [6,6]-phenyl-$C_{71}$-butyric acid methyl ester); the device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.86% with an open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) of 0.85 V, a short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) of 7.60 mA $cm^{-2}$, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.44. Inverted photovoltaic cells with the structure ITO/ethoxylated polyethlyenimine/ polymer:$PC_{71}BM/MoO_3$/Ag are also fabricated; the device exhibits a maximum PCE of 2.92%, with a $V_{oc}$ of 0.89 V, a $J_{sc}$ of 6.81 mA $cm^{-2}$, and an FF of 0.48.

High performance of fully transparent amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O junctionless Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) by microwave annealing

  • Lee, Hyeon-U;An, Min-Ju;Jo, Won-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.208.1-208.1
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    • 2015
  • 최근, 차세대 투명 디스플레이 구동소자로서 산화물 반도체를 이용한 Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor (TAOS) 기술이 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 산화물 반도체는 기존의 a-Si에 비해 우수한 전기적인 특성과 낮은 구동전압 그리고 넓은 밴드 갭으로 인한 투명성의 장점들이 있다. 그리고 낮은 공정 온도에서도 제작이 가능하기 때문에 유리나 플라스틱과 같은 다양한 기판에서도 박막 증착이 가능하다. 하지만 기존의 furnace를 이용한 열처리 방식은 낮은 온도에서 우수한 전기적인 특성을 내기 어려우며, 공정 시간이 길어지는 단점들이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산화물 반도체중 In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO)와 In-Sn-O(ITO)를 각각 채널 층과 게이트 전극으로 이용하였다. 또한 마이크로웨이브 열처리 기술을 이용하여 기존의 열처리 방식에 비해 에너지 전달 효율이 높고 짧은 시간동안 저온 공정이 가능하며 우수한 전기적인 특성을 가지는 투명 박막 트랜지스터를 구현 하였다. 본 실험은 glass 기판위에서 진행되었으며, RF sputter를 이용하여 ITO를 150 nm 증착한 후, photo-lithography 공정을 통하여 하부 게이트 전극을 형성하였다. 이후에 RF sputter를 이용하여 SiO2 와 IGZO 를 각각 300, 50 nm 증착하였고, patterning 과정을 통하여 채널 영역을 형성하였다. 또한 소자의 전기적인 특성 향상을 위해 마이크로웨이브 열처리를 1000 Watt로 2 분간 진행 하였고, 비교를 위하여 기존 방식인 furnace 를 이용하여 N2 분위기에서 $400^{\circ}C$로 30분간 진행한 소자도 병행하였다. 그 결과 마이크로웨이브를 통해 열처리한 소자는 공정 온도가 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하로 낮기 때문에 glass 기판에 영향을 주지 않고 기존 furnace 열처리 한 소자보다 전체적으로 전기적인 특성이 우수한 것을 확인 하였다.

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Performance enhancement of Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O junctionless TFT at Low temperature using Microwave Irradiation

  • Kim, Tae-Wan;Choe, Dong-Yeong;Jo, Won-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.210.1-210.1
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    • 2015
  • 최근 산화물 반도체에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 비정질 산화물 반도체인 In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO)는 기존의 비정질 실리콘에 비해 공정 단가가 낮으며 넓은 밴드 갭으로 인한 투명성을 가지고 있고, 저온 공정이 가능하여 다양한 기판에 적용이 가능하다. 반도체의 공정 과정에서 열처리는 소자의 특성 개선을 위해 필요하다. 일반적인 열처리 방법으로 furnace 열처리 방식이 주로 이용된다. 그러나 furnace 열처리는 시간이 오래 걸리며 일반적으로 고온에서 이루어지기 때문에 최근 연구되고 있는 유리나 플라스틱, 종이 기판을 이용한 소자의 경우 기판이 손상을 받는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점들을 극복하기 위하여 저온 공정인 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 열처리 방식이 제안되었다. 마이크로웨이브 열처리 기술은 소자에 에너지를 직접적으로 전달하기 때문에 기존의 다른 열처리 방식들과 비교하여 에너지 전달 효율이 높다. 또한 짧은 공정 시간으로 공정 단가를 절감하고 대량생산이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있으며, 저온의 열처리로 기판의 손상이 없기 때문에 기판의 종류에 국한되지 않은 공정이 가능할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 마이크로웨이브 열처리가 소자의 전기적 특성 개선에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 제작된 IGZO 박막트렌지스터는 p-type bulk silicon 위에 thermal SiO2 산화막이 100 nm 형성된 기판을 사용하였다. RCA 클리닝을 진행한 후 RF sputter를 사용하여 In-Ga-Zn-O (1:1:1)을 70 nm 증착하였다. 이후에 Photo-lithography 공정을 통하여 active 영역을 형성하였고, 전기적 특성 평가가 용이한 junctionless 트랜지스터 구조로 제작하였다. 후속 열처리 방식으로 마이크로웨이브 열처리를 1000 W에서 2분간 실시하였다. 그리고 기존 열처리 방식과의 비교를 위해 furnace를 이용하여 N2 가스 분위기에서 $600^{\circ}C$의 온도로 30분 동안 열처리를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 마이크로웨이브 열처리를 한 소자의 경우 기존의 furnace 열처리 소자와 비교하여 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 열처리 공정은 향후 저온 공정을 요구하는 소자 공정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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Newly Synthesized Silicon Quantum Dot-Polystyrene Nanocomposite Having Thermally Robust Positive Charge Trapping

  • Dung, Mai Xuan;Choi, Jin-Kyu;Jeong, Hyun-Dam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.221-221
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    • 2013
  • Striving to replace the well known silicon nanocrystals embedded in oxides with solution-processable charge-trapping materials has been debated because of large scale and cost effective demands. Herein, a silicon quantum dot-polystyrene nanocomposite (SiQD-PS NC) was synthesized by postfunctionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon quantum dots (H-SiQDs) with styrene using a thermally induced surface-initiated polymerization approach. The NC contains two miscible components: PS and SiQD@PS, which respectively are polystyrene and polystyrene chains-capped SiQDs. Spin-coated films of the nanocomposite on various substrate were thermally annealed at different temperatures and subsequently used to construct metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices and thin film field effect transistors (TFTs) having a structure p-$S^{++}$/$SiO_2$/NC/pentacene/Au source-drain. C-V curves obtained from the MIS devices exhibit a well-defined counterclockwise hysteresis with negative fat band shifts, which was stable over a wide range of curing temperature ($50{\sim}250^{\circ}C$. The positive charge trapping capability of the NC originates from the spherical potential well structure of the SiQD@PS component while the strong chemical bonding between SiQDs and polystyrene chains accounts for the thermal stability of the charge trapping property. The transfer curve of the transistor was controllably shifted to the negative direction by chaining applied gate voltage. Thereby, this newly synthesized and solution processable SiQD-PS nanocomposite is applicable as charge trapping materials for TFT based memory devices.

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RF Power Conversional System for Environment-friendly Ferrite Core Inductively Coupled Plasma Generator (환경친화형 페라이트 코어 유도결합 플라즈마 고주파 전력 변환 장치)

  • Lee, Joung-Ho;Choi, Dae-Kyu;Kim, Soo-Seok;Lee, Byoung-Kuk;Won, Chung-Yuen
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 2006
  • This paper is a study about a proper method of plasma generation to cleaning method and a high frequency power equipment circuit to generation of plasma that used cleaning of chamber for TFT-LCD PECVD. The high density plasma required for cleaning causes a possibility of high density plasma more than $1{\times}10^{11}[EA/cm^3]$. It apply a ferrite core of ferromagnetic body to a existing ICP form. In case of power transfer equipment on 400[kHz] high frequency to generation of plasma it makes certain a stable switching operation in condition of plasma through using a inverter form for general purpose HB. And it demonstrates the performance of power transfer equipment using methods of measurement which use a transformer of series combination the density of plasma and the rate of dissolution of $NF_3$ in condition of $A_r\;and\;NF_3$.