• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-224
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• 1999

Background: In recent years, pediatric chronic sinusitis patients who don't respond with antibiotics are increasing, but there are a few reports on the herbal medicine therapy treating pediatric chronic sinusitis, so this report was studied. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis before and after treatment using computed tomograpy (CT) and plain radiograpy. Materials and methods: Ninty patients (45 mail and 45 femail) treated in our hospital between February 1998 and August 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age :6.5 years). Sixty two patients had a underlyiing family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers), In the past history, 68 patients had asthma, allergy of milk, atopic dermatitis, bronchiollitis and irritable bowel syndrom. Illness period was from 10 days to 96 months (mean period:12.4 month). Duration of treatment were from 25 days to 200days (mean:96 days). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT in the 42 and plain radiopgrapy in the 48 patients were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. CT findings of the chronic sinusitis were analyzed for mucoperiostal thickening before and after treatment using 4 grades;(normal, mild, moderate, severe). Normal was defined as below 3mm thickening of mucoperiosteum; mild was 3-5mm thickening; moderate was 5mm-1cm thickening; severe was above 1cm thickening. Plain radiograpy using Water's view provided maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus. Normal was defined as simillar to density between sinus and oronasal cavity; mild was defined as generally increased density with no significant mucoperiosteal thickning; moderate was partial mucosal thickening without bony hypertropy; severe was total haziness with mucoperiosteal thickening. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms Results: Of the 90 patients, 84 patients showed complete recovery (93%), 4 patients showed no significant interval change(4%) and 2 patients were aggrevated (2%). Sixty patients were severe(67%) and 26 patients were moderate (29%), 4 patients were mild(4%) The duration of treatment was varied with patient conditions (91 days in average); severe were 101.7 days, moderate were 70 days and mild were 63 days. Fifty three patients with maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis were 114 days, 35 patients with maxillary sinusitis only were 71.5 days. Fifty eight patients with both maxillary sinusitis were 94.6 days, 26 patients with either maxillary sinusitis were 65 days. The symtoms of chronic sinusitis were nasal obstruction(75%), cough(69%), purulunt or mucosal discharge(62%), lymphoid follicle(54%), postnasal dripping(49%), headache(23%) and nose bleeding(22%). Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis using plain radiograpy and CT. The duration of treatment may be significant assosiation with the location and degree of chronic sinusitis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.678-685
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 7 traditional Korean formulations (7TKFs) on intimal thickening of rat carotid artery injured by balloon catheter in vivo and on the proliferation of human smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in vitro. 7TKFs (400 mg/kg) were administered orally for 4 weeks from the day of balloon injury in the rats. HASMC proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while enzymatic action of MMP-2 was carried out by gelatin zymography. Among 7TKFs, Samhwang-sasim-tang (SST), Banha-sasim-tang (BST) and Kegi-honghwa-tang (KHT) significantly reduced the intimal thickening by suppressing HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression in both extracellular and intracellular levels. Thus, the results suggest that SST, BST and KHT can be considered as a therapeutic value in the prevention of atherosclerosis because restenosis after PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) is supposed to be 'accelerated atherosclerosis'.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus findings in a large sample of orthodontic patients by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a wide field of view and assess the relationships of such abnormalities with age and gender. Methods: Five hundred thirteen CBCT scans obtained for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in a Northern Italian population (N = 513; 292 female and 221 male subjects; 1,026 maxillary sinuses) were studied. The frequencies of pseudocysts and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of age and gender on these abnormalities. Results: Pseudocysts were detected in 52 patients (10.1%) and 59 sinuses (5.75%). Mucosal thickening was observed in 206 patients (40.1%) and 258 sinuses (25.1%). Gender and age were significantly associated with pseudocysts (p = 0.027) and mucosal thickening (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Half of the orthodontic patients had incidental maxillary sinus findings. Men were more likely to show pseudocysts, and older patients (aged 41 - 60 years) were more likely to show mucosal thickening.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2013

The development of high performance fabrics have advanced body armor technology and improved ballistic performance while maintaining flexibility. Utilization of the shear thickening phenomenon exhibited by Shear Thickening Fluids (STF) has allowed further enhancement without hindering flexibility of the fabric through a process of impregnation. The effect of STF impregnation on the ballistic performance of fabrics has been studied for impact velocities below 700 m/s. Studies of STF-impregnated fabrics for high velocity impacts, which would provide a transition to significantly higher velocity ranges, are lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of STF impregnation on the high velocity impact characteristics of Kevlar fabric by effectively dispersing silica nanoparticles in a suspension, impregnating Kevlar fabrics, and performing high velocity impact experiments with projectile velocities in the range of 1 km/s to compare the post impact characteristics between neat Kevlar and impregnated Kevlar fabrics. 100 nm diameter silica nanoparticles were dispersed using a homogenizer and sonicator in a solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and diluted with methanol for effective impregnation to Kevlar fabric, and the methanol was evaporated in a heat oven. High velocity impact of STF-impregnated Kevlar fabric revealed differences in the post impact rear formation compared to neat Kevlar.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2020

Amyloidosis is an all-inclusive disease of deposition of amyloid proteins in the extracellular spaces, which in localized or systemic form cause tissue damage and dysfunction. Herein, we report a case of small bowel involvement of systemic amyloidosis presenting with multiple polypoid wall thickening mimicking small bowel polyposis syndrome in an age 75 male. Interestingly, polypoid wall thickening and amyloidoma showed hypointensity on T2-weighted images. To our knowledge, there has been no literature describing MRI findings of poylpoid wall thickening and amyloidoma. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need validation, hypointensity on T2-weighted images could be valuable in diagnosing small bowel involvement of amyloidosis in patients presenting with poylpoid wall thickening and amyloidoma.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.764-767
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• 2009

For a more effectively designed gravity thickener, thickening experiments were conducted for residuals produced by a ceramic membrane water treatment plant (WTP). Two kinds of residuals, one from backwashing (BW) and the other from chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB) procedure, were separately collected during a pilot plant experiment and their limiting solid flux ($SF_L$) measured. Batch thickening experiments showed that the BW and CEB residual had $SF_L$ of 10 and $25kg/m^2{\cdot}d$, respectively. Continuous operation of a pilot-scale gravity thickener proved that a mixed BW and CEB residual could be successfully thickened at the solid loading rate (SLR) of $12kg/m^2{\cdot}d$, allowing the concentration of the thickened residual to be about $15kg/m^2{\cdot}d$. From the experimental results and consideration of the seasonal thickening characteristics of the residual, SLR of $15kg/m^2{\cdot}d$ was proposed as a design parameter for full-scale gravity thickeners.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2015

A pre-treatment process is essential for getting high quality of digital textile printing(DTP). In this study, we have studied three kinds of carrageenan polymer(k-, ${\lambda}$-, i-Carrageenan) as a pre-treatment thickening agent for the first time. Alginate polymer was also examined and its results were compared with that of the three kinds of carrageenan polymer. To confirm the performance of each thickening agent, we examined for a sharpness, color strength and fastness(washing, rub, light). The result showed that ${\lambda}$-Carrageenan has superior property in sharpness with low viscosity and i-Carrageenan was excellent in the color strength among the pre-treatment agents. Washing fastness to color change and staining for the all samples were 4 or 4-5 grade. Both dry and wet rubbing fastness of the samples were 4-5 grade. However, ${\lambda}$-Carrageenan coated sample has the lowest grade in light fastness. As a result, we found the possibility of carrageenan polymer as pre-treatment agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 2017

This research investigated the screen printing method for natural indigo dye on cotton fabric. We examined four types of thickening agents (arabic gum, guar gum, indalca, and CMC) based on their ability to retard the oxidation of natural indigo print paste while the paste remained on the screen frame. The results indicated that the retardation of arabic gum towards oxidation was the greatest among the four types of thickening agents. The highest K/S value of the printed cotton was observed with a dye concentration of 50g/L fermented indigo powder. The best printing results were obtained when the duration of dye efficiency was tested for the 10 minutes of the dye paste remaining on the screen with a thickening agent concentration of 26.56% that represented 530 cps viscosity. The test of colorfastness to washing and rubbing of the printed cotton resulted in grade 5, and the colorfastness to sunlight resulted in grade 4. Chinese traditional Naminwhapo printing was reproduced on cotton fabric using the natural indigo printing method derived from this study.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 1983

The globus pallidus of normal cats were prepared for electron microscopic study following perfusion with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde solution. Neurons of two size categories were identified in 1 $\\mu$m araldite sections and their ultrastructural characteristics were studied in adjacent thin section. 1. Large neurons ($30 \\mum \\times 45 \\mum$ in diameter) had extensive areas of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulm, abundant perinuclear Golgi complex, numerous mitochondria and lipofusin granule, and had a large spherical nucleus with shallow indentation of nuclear manbrane. Small neurons ($17 \\mum \\times 27 \\mum$ in diameter) had poorly rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, moderate number of mitochondria and randomly distributed Golgi complex. The nuclear envelope of this cell frequently showed multiple deep invagination. 2. Three types of axo-somatic synapses were identified on the basis of the size and shape of vesicle in the axon terminal and the symmetrical or asymmetrical thickening at the synaptic site. Type I synaptic terminal shows an even distribution of round and oval synaptic vesicles, and has a symmetrical synaptic thickening. Type II axon terminals reveal mostly round and pleomorphic vesicles and a few vesicles were localized near the presynaptic membrane in pale axoplasm and its synaptic thickening were symmetric. Type III axon terminals contain round vesicles, which were aggregated in the axoplasm, and has a asymmetrical synaptic thickening. 3. The majority of axo-somatic contact with the large and small neurons were type I, and type II and III synapes were rare.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2024

A 4-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat weighing 5.1 kg was referred to Jeju National University Hospital with acute onset respiratory distress, weakness, and anorexia. The patient had a history of stressful antecedent events that involved bullying by a newly introduced cat. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography revealed a stage C hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype based on the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine classification system with pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion at the same time. The patient was treated with furosemide, pimobendan, and rivaroxaban. Pericardiocentesis was performed because pericardial effusion was identified. Reevaluation after 30 days revealed a normal respiratory rate on physical examination, normal cardiac shape on thoracic radiographs, and normal cardiac measurements on echocardiography. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and all medications were discontinued. Six months after the initial hospitalization, the cat continued to do well without any clinical signs or left ventricular wall thickening. This case is the first report describing feline TMT in Korea. Moreover, it involves a rare case in which pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion, which induce cardiac tamponade, occurred simultaneously due to TMT-related congestive heart failure.