• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2012

To evaluate the algicidal impact of a newly developed algicide thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49, on dinophyceae Akashiwo sanguinea in aquatic ecosystems, tentative culture experiments for the target species were conducted in small (SS), middle (MS), and large scale (LS) culture vessels. When TD49 was introduced at the final concentration of $2{\mu}M$ in SS and MS, as well as $1{\mu}M$ in LS, the abundance of A. sanguinea decreased significantly in all the treatments. On the other hand, total phytoplankton abundance, except A. sanguinea in the TD49 treatments, gradually increased with culture time, which implies that a cell destruction of A. sanguinea by TD49 is a major cause of the population growth by other phytoplankton species. Also, A. sanguinea was easily destroyed, which was likely to be a source of extracellular substances. In particular, a pH decrease was significant in the treatments than in the control, which indicates that the water in the treatments has been acidified, due to an increase in the heterotrophic metabolisms of bacteria and degradation of A. sanguinea cells. Our results indicate that the TD49 substance is the potential agents for the control of A. sanguinea in the enclosed and eutrophic water bodies.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2012

In this study, a newly synthesized thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49 with a highly selective algicide to red tide, was examined in order to evaluate the bioconcentration on aquatic organisms of coast. BAF (accumulation of TD49 by aquatic food chain) and BCF (accumulation of TD49 by sea water) were examined employing the shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) as the feed organism, and the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as a consumer in marine ecosystem. Bioconcentration degree in sea water showed that the order in P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BCF values of TD49 were 67.70, 63.32 and 20.25 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. Bioaccumulation degree using feed showed that the order in the organs of P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BAF values of TD49 were 175.89, 114.88 and 32.59 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. When compared with two results, the accumulation by the food and water was higher than that by water. After the elimination experiment in sea water, the TD49 concentration was 2.81 nmole/g in the viscera and were not found in the gill and the muscle. More than 50% of the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from viscera in 7 days and all the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from gill and muscle in 7 days. On the other hand, the octanol/water partition coefficient (log $K_{ow}$) was measured to be 3.66 and experimental BCF of this study was 67.7.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2012

전세계적으로 연안해역에서 확산되고 있는 유해유독성 식물플랑크톤의 대발생은 수산자원생물자원에 심각한 피해를 입힌다. 본 연구에서는 유해성 미세조류 대발생을 제어하기 위해 개발된 신물질 Thiazolidinedione 유도체(TD49)의 살조능을 유해성 미세조류 성장단계(초기성장기, 대수증식기, 안정기)에 따라 조사하였다. TD49는 $Heterosigma$ $akashiwo$, $Chattonella$ $marina$ 그리고 $Chattonella$ sp.의 세포를 사멸시켰으며, 특히 낮은 농도($0.02{\mu}M$)의 TD49는 대수증식기와 안정기보다 초기 성장기에서 우수한 살조효과를 보였다. 또한 모든 성장단계에서 유해생물을 제어 할 수 있는 TD49의 농도는 $2{\mu}M$로 측정되었다. 무각 편모조류인 $Heterosigma$ $akashiwo$, $Chattonella$ $marina$ 그리고 $Chattonella$ sp.은 세포벽이 약하여 TD49물질에 의해 세포가 쉽게 파괴되어 우수한 살조효과를 보였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 Thiazolidinedione 유도체(TD49)는 유해적조생물 $H.$ $akashiwo$, $C.$ $marina$ 그리고 $Chattonella$ sp.를 제어할 수 있는 우수한 물질로 판단되었으나, 추후 현장 실용을 위해 메소코즘과 같은 인공생태계를 이용한 해양생태계 위해성 평가가 체계적으로 추진되어야 한다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.527-532
• /
• 2010

A thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49 with the highly selective algicide to red tide was newly synthesized and its acute toxicity was examined in order to evaluate the effect on aquatic ecosystems of coast. Major three species having important role in the food chain of marine ecosystem, such as Skeletonema costatum of microalgae, Daphnia magna of crustacea, Paralichthys olivaceus of flatfish fingerling were employed for the acute toxicity assessment. $EC_50$ or $LC_50$ as the assessment criterion was investigated to each specie, and NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) from most sensitive specie to toxicity of TD49 were further calculated. $EC_50$ of S. costatum in 96-hour, $EC_50$ of D. magna in 48-hour, and $LC_50$ of P. olivaceus in 72-hour for TD49 were $0.34\;{\mu}M$, $0.68\;{\mu}M$, and $0.58\;{\mu}M$, respectively. NOEC from the results of S. costatum was estimated to be $0.20\;{\mu}M$ and PNEC was estimated as 3.40 nM by applying factor value of 100 to $EC_50$ $0.34\;{\mu}M$ of S. costatum. In addition, it was revealed that Solutol used as the dispersing agent of TD49 had very little toxic influence under the concentration range of $0{\sim}0.4\;{\mu}M$ used in TD49 toxicity experiment. Although the estimated concentration of TD49 that will be sprayed onto the coastal field for the algicide is higher than NOEC value, it is considered that the spraying concentration would not be a considerable problem due to a dilution effect by tide at the opened coast.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.2951-2957
• /
• 2015

유해 유독 적조생물의 대발생은 해양생물 건강성과 수산어족자원에 심각한 피해를 입힌다. 본 연구에서는 미세조류의 대발생을 억제하기 위해 개발된 Thiazolidione 유도체(TD49)와 현장에서 적조생물을 제어하기 위하여 살포되는 황토에 대한 살조능을 조사하였다. 아울러 적조생물 생사판별과 관련된 자가영양생물의 광합성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 활성엽록소(activity Chl. a), 광합성효율($F_v/F_m$), 전자 전달율(electron transport rate, ETR)등을 평가하였다. 대상적조생물은 유해조류 3종과 비유해 조류 1종을 선택하였으며, 유해조류는 침편모조류 Heterosigma akashiwo, Chattonella marina와 더불어 와편모조류 Heterocapsa circularisquama를 비교하였고, 비유해조류는 은편모조류 Rhodomonas salina에 대하여 평가하였다. 유해조류 3종은 살조물질(TD49)에 의하여 빠른 시간에 세포가 파괴되어 우수한 살조 효과(>80%)를 보인 반면, 황토에 관해서는 살조효율이 30%이하로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 TD49에 대한 유해조류 3종의 살조효율은 H. circularisquama> C. marina> H. akashiwo 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 광합성 효율 및 전자전달율 또한 극히 낮게 나타나, 광합성에 치명적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되었다. 반면, 유해조류 3종에 관해서 황토에 대한 광합성 효율과 전자전달율은 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.01). 비유해종 R. salina 은 대조군에 비하여 TD49와 황토의 살조 효과, 광합성효율 및 전자전달율의 차이는 명확하게 나타나지 않았고, 오히려 TD49물질에서 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 TD49물질은 유해적조 생물을 선택적으로 제어 할 수 있으며, 현장 적용시 우수한 살조 효과를 가질 수 있을 것으로 판단된 반면, 황토는 적조생물 제어에 적합하지 않을 것으로 사료되었다.