• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2419-2425
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• 2007

New poly(cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene) (PCPP)-based conjugated copolymers, containing carbazole units as pendants, were prepared as the electroluminescent (EL) layer in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to show that most of them have higher maximum brightness and EL efficiency. The prepared polymers, Poly(2,6-(4-(6-(Ncarbazolyl)- hexyl)-4-octyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene)) (CzPCPP10) and Poly(2,6-(4-(6-(N-carbazolyl)- hexyl)-4-octyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene))-co-(2,6-(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene)) (CzPCPP7 and CzPCPP5), were soluble in common organic solvents and used as the EL layer in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of configuration with ITO/PEDOT/polymer/Ca/Al device. The polymers are thermally stable with glass transition temperature (Tg) at 77-100 °C and decomposition temperature (Td) at 423-457 °C. The studies of cyclic voltammetry indicated same HOME levels in all polymers, although the ratios of carbazole units are different. In case of PLEDs with configuration of ITO/PEDOT/CzPCPPs/Ca/Al device, The EL maximum peaks were around 450 nm, which the turn-on voltages were about 6.0-6.5 V. The maximum luminescence of PLEDs using CzPCPP10 was over 4400 cd/m2 at 6.5 V, which all of the maximum EL efficiency were 0.12 cd/A. The CIE coordinates of the EL spectrum of PLEDs using CzPCPP10 was (0.18, 0.08), which are quite close to that of the standard blue (0.14, 0.08) of NTSC.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.317.2-317.2
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• 2013

Ultrathin oxide encapsulated metal-oxide hybrid nanocatalysts have been fabricated by a soft chemical and facile route. First, SiO2 nanoparticles of 25~30 nm size have been synthesized by modified Stobber's method followed by amine functionalization. Metal nanoparticles (Ru, Rh, Pt) capped with polymer/citrate have been deposited on functionalized SiO2 and finally an ultrathin layer of TiO2 coated on surface which prevents sintering and provides high thermal stability while maximizing the metal-oxide interface for higher catalytic activity. TEM studies confirmed that 2.5 nm sized metal nanoparticles are well dispersed and distributed throughout the surface of 25 nm SiO2 nanoparticles with a 3-4 nm TiO2 ultrathin layer. The metal nanoparticles are still well exposed to outer surface, being enabled for surface characterization and catalytic activity. Even after calcination at $600^{\circ}C$, the structure and morphology of hybrid nanocatalysts remain intact confirm the high thermal stability. XPS spectra of hybrid nanocatalyst suggest the metallic states as well as their corresponding oxide states. The catalytic activity has been evaluated for high temperature CO oxidation reaction as well as photocatalytic H2 generation under solar simulation. The design of hybrid structure, high thermal stability, and better exposure of metal active sites are the key parameters for the high catalytic activity. The maximization of metal-TiO2 interface interaction has the great role in photocatalytic H2 production.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 부재에 저온 적용을 위해 SOL-GEL 기법을 이용하여 제조된 열에너지 저장 복합상변화물질(CPCM)를 개발하였다. 코어는 테트라데칸, 지지재는 활성탄(AC)을 각각 사용하였다. 진공 함침법을 이용하여 AC의 다공성 구조에 테트라데칸 상변화 물질(PCM)을 함침시키고, 테트라에틸오르토실리케이트(TEOS)를 사용한 SOL-GEL 공정을 이용하여 제조된 복합체에 실리카 겔을 얇게 코팅하였다. CPCM의 열 성능은 시차주사열량계(DSC)과 열 중량분석(TGA)을 통해 분석했다. DSC 결과 테트라데칸 PCM은 용융 및 동결 온도가 각각 6.4℃ 및 1.3℃이고 해당 엔탈피는 각각 226J/g 및 223.8J/g인 것으로 나타났다. CPCM은 7.1℃ 및 2.4℃에서 용융 및 동결 과정에서 각각 32.98J/g 및 27.7J/g의 엔탈피를 나타내었다. TGA 시험 결과 AC는 500℃까지 열적으로 안정하며, 이는 120℃ 정도인 순수 테트라데칸의 분해 온도보다 훨씬 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, AC-PCM과 CPCM의 경우 각각 80℃와 100℃에서 열분해가 시작되었다. CPCM의 화학적 정성 분석을 위해 푸리에 변환 적외선(FT-IR) 분광법을 이용하였으며, 그 결과 개발된 복합체가 화학적으로 안정함을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, SOL-GEL 공정 후 AC 표면에 실리카 겔의 얇은 층이 존재함을 확인하기 위해 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 AC와 CPCM의 표면 형태를 분석하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.11.2-11.2
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• 2011

Polymer based organic photovoltaics have attracted a great deal of attention due to the potential cost-effectiveness of light-weight and flexible solar cells. However, most BHJ polymer solar cells are not thermally stable as subsequent exposure to heat drives further development of the morphology towards a state of macrophase separation in the micrometer scale. Here we would like to show three different approaches for developing new electroactive polymers to improve the thermal stability of the BHJ solar cells, which is a critical problem for the commercialization of these solar cells. For one of the examples, we report a new series of functionalized polythiophene (PT-x) copolymers for use in solution processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). PT-x copolymers were synthesized from two different monomers, where the ratio of the monomers was carefully controlled to achieve a UV photo-crosslinkable layer while leaving the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking feature of conjugated polymers unchanged. The crosslinking stabilizes PT-x/PCBM blend morphology preventing the macro phase separation between two components, which lead to OPVs with remarkably enhanced thermal stability. The drastic improvement in thermal stabilities is further characterized by microscopy as well as grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS). In the second part of talk, we will discuss the use of block copolymers as active materials for WOLEDs in which phosphorescent emitter isolation can be achieved. We have exploited the use of triarylamine (TPA) oxadiazole (OXA) diblock copolymers (TPA-b-OXA), which have been used as host materials due to their high triplet energy and charge-transport properties enabling a balance of holes and electrons. Organization of phosphorescent domains in TPA-b-OXA block copolymers is demonstrated to yield dual emission for white electroluminescence. Our approach minimizes energy transfer between two colored species by site isolation through morphology control, allowing higher loading concentration of red emitters with improved device performance. Furthermore, by varying the molecular weight of TPA-b-OXA and the ratio of blue to red emitters, we have investigated the effect of domain spacing on the electroluminescence spectrum and device performance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.160-160
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• 2010

In this work, we investigate ohmic contacts to p-type GaN using a Pt/Cu/Au metallization scheme in order to achieve low resistance and thermally stable ohmic contact on p-GaN. An ohmic contact formed by a metal electrode deposited on a highly doped InGaN/GaN superlattice sturucture on p-GaN layer. The specific contact resistance is $1.56{\times}10^{-6}{\Omega}cm^2$ for the as-deposited sample, $1.35{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm^2$ for the sample annealed at $250^{\circ}C$ and $6.88{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}cm^2$ for the sample annealed at $300^{\circ}C$.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.86-89
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• 2004

The present study reports the preparation of a compact ZSM-5 membrane showing high thermal stability and high separation factors, especially n-/i-butane isomers at high temperatures. ZSM-5 membrane was prepared on a porous $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$ tube (an average pore diameter, ca. 100 nm) at 18$0^{\circ}C$ by the seed-assisted crystallization method. The XRD and SEM results showed that a thin zeolite layer (ca. 1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) was formed on the support surface. The single gas permeances of $N_2$, H$_2$, SF$_{6}$, n-butane, and i-butane were taken at 27$0^{\circ}C$. i-Butane permeance hardly changed after repeated thermal treatments up to 40$0^{\circ}C$, indicating the membrane is thermally stable. On the other hand, other single gas permeances increased when the membrane was further dried at 40$0^{\circ}C$, indicating thermal pretreatment at 27$0^{\circ}C$ could not remove all the adsorbed species in the membrane. i-Butane and SF$_{6}$ permeances were significantly lower than the permeances of smaller molecules, indicating that the membrane has a low concentration of defects. The ideal selectivities at 27$0^{\circ}C$ were 61 for $H_2$/i-butane and 47 for $H_2$/SF$_{6}$. The temperature dependency of n/i-butane ideal selectivities and separation factors for an equimolar n/i-butane mixture was studied. The ideal selectivity showed a maximum of 36 at 30$0^{\circ}C$. The separation factors increased with temperature and reached around 12 at 300-40$0^{\circ}C$, which were much higher than those reported in the literature.ature.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2008

10nm Ni/30 nm와 70nm poly Si/200nm $SiO_2/Si(100)$ 구조로부터 니켈실리사이드의 열적안정성을 연구하기 위해서 쾌속열처리기를 이용하여 실리사이드화 온도 $300{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$에서 40초간 열처리하여 실리사이드를 제조하였다. 준비된 실리사이드의 면저항값 변화, 미세구조, 상 분석, 표면조도 변화를 각각 사점면저항측정기, FE-SEM, TEM, HRXRD, SPM을 활용하여 확인하였다. 30 nm 다결정실리콘 기판 위에 형성된 실리사이드는 $900^{\circ}C$까지 열적안정성이 있었다. 반면에 70 nm 다결정실리콘 기판 위에 형성된 실리사이드는 기존연구결과와 동일한 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 고저항상인 $NiSi_2$로 상변화 하였다. HRXRD로 확인한 결과, 30 nm 두께의 기판 위에 니켈실리사이드는 $900^{\circ}C$ 고온에서도 NiSi상이 유지되다가 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 $NiSi_2$로 상변화 하였다. FE-SEM 과 TEM 관찰결과, 30 nm 두께의 다결정실리콘 기판에서는 $700^{\circ}C$의 저온처리에는 잔류 다결정실리콘 없이 매우 균일하고 평탄한 40 nm의 NiSi가 형성되었고, $1000^{\circ}C$에는 선폭 $1.0{\mu}m$급의 미로형 응집상이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 70 nm 두께의 다결정실리콘 기판에서는 불균일한 실리 사이드 형성과 잔류 다결정실리콘이 존재하였다. SPM결과에서 전체 실험구간에서의 RMS 표면조도 값도 17nm 이하로 CMOS공정의 FUSI게이트 적용의 가능성을 보여주었다. 다결정실리콘 게이트의 높이를 감소시키면 니켈실리사이드는 상안정화가 용이하며 저저항구간을 넓힐 수 있는 장점이 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.694-701
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• 2013

프탈이미드 유도체와 티오펜 단량체들을 이용하여 새로운 고분자인 poly((5,5-(2-butyl-5,6-bisdecyloxy-4,7-dithiophen-2-yl-isoindole-1,3-dione))-alt-(2,5-thiophene))(T-TI24T)를 Stille법을 이용하여 합성하였다. T-TI24T의 수평균 분자량은 86500 g/mol로 매우 높으며 클로로포름, 1,2-디클로로벤젠, 톨루엔과 같은 용매에 매우 잘 용해된다. 또한 $380^{\circ}C$까지 매우 우수한 열적 안정성을 갖고 있다. T-TI24T는 꽤 낮은 호모에너지 준위(-5.33 eV)를 갖고 있다. 서로 다른 T-TI24T와 (6)-1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)-{5}-1-phenyl[5,6]-fullerene(PCBM)의 무게비를 갖는 블렌드를 광활성층으로 하는 태양전지를 제작하여 특성을 살펴본 결과 고분자와 PCBM의 비율이 1:3일 때 가장 최적화된 결과를 보였으며, 이 때 광전변환 효율과 개방전압은 각각 0.199%와 0.99였다. T-TI24T 기반 태양전지들은 비록 매우 작은 광전변환 효율을 갖지만 잘 알려진 P3HT:PC61BM으로 구성된 태양전지와 비교해 큰 매우 큰 개방전압을 갖는다(약 0.5 V).

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

Not only efficiency of chlorine evolution reaction (CER) but also durability namely service life is very important property in dimensional stable anode for Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) for marine ships. Many researchers have been focused on improving efficiency of CER by controlling composition, phase and surface area for a long time, but the efforts to increase durability was relatively small. In this study, we have investigated the effect of $TiO_2$ protective interlayers on efficiency and durability of DSA electrodes. $TiO_2$ protective interlayers were prepared by thermal oxidation at 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ on Ti substrate. And then the DSA electrodes consisting of $Ti/RuO_2-PdO-TiO_2$ were prepared by thermal decomposition method on $TiO_2$ interlayers. The efficiencies of CER of DSA electrodes without $TiO_2$ interlayer and with $TiO_2$ interlayer grown at 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ were 94.19, 94.45, 84.60 and 76.75% respectively. On the otherhand, durabilities were 30, 55, 90 and 65 hours respectively. In terms of industrial aspect, the performance of DSA is considered high efficiency and durability which can correspond to total production of chlorine. If we considered the performance index of DSA as the product of efficiency and durability, performance indices could be recalculated as 28.26, 50.85, 76.14 and 49.89 respectively. As the thermal oxidation temperature increasing, life time were increased remarkerbly, while efficiency of CER was decreased slightly. As a result, DSA electrode with $TiO_2$ interlayer grown at $600^{\circ}C$ has shown about 2.7 times performace of original DSA electrode without $TiO_2$ interlayer.