• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.479-482
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• 2008

In order to more closely examine the vacuum arc phenomena, it is necessary to predict the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) characteristics by the multidisciplinary numerical modeling, which is coupled with the electromagnetic and hydrodynamic fields, simultaneously. In this study, the thermal-fluid characteristics of high current vacuum arcs were calculated by a commercial multiphysics package, ANSYS, in order to obtain Joule heat, Lorentz force and the interactions with flow variables. We assumed the diffused-mode arc within an AMF vacuum interrupter. It was found with four different currents that the temperature distributions on the anode surface are diffused uniformly without concentration in 7kA for both types (cup and coil-type). But the arc plasma transition and an increase of thermal flux density for increasing the applied current have caused the change of temperature distributions on the anode surface. We should need further studies on the two-way coupling method and radiation model for arc plasmas in order to accomplish the advanced analysis method for multiphysics.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.268-276
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• 2005

Vacuum Residue (VR) combustion tests were carried out with a 20 kg/hr (fuel feed rate) small scale reactor. The nozzle used was a steam atomized, internal mixing type. Compared to heavy oil, vacuum residue used in this work is extremely high viscous and contains high percentages of sulfur, carbon residue and heavy metals. To ignite atomized VR particles, it was necessary to preheat the reactor, and it has been done with LP gas. The axial and radial gas temperature, major species concentrations and solid sample were analyzed when varying the fuel feed rate. The main reaction zone of atomized VR-air flame in a reactor was anticipated within about 1 m from the burner tip by considering the profiles oi gas temperature, species concentration and particle size measured along with the reactor. At downstream, the thermally, fully developed temperature distribution was obtained. SEM photographs revealed that VR carbon particles collected from the reactor are porous and have many blow-holes on the particle surface.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.642-650
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• 2016

One of the most feasible solution for reducing the excessive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission is usage of more efficient fuel such as hydrogen. As is well known, there are three viable technologies for storing hydrogen fuel: compressed gas, metal hydride absorption, and cryogenic liquid. In these technologies, the storage for liquid hydrogen has better energy density by weight than other storage methods. However, the cryogenic liquid storage has a significant disadvantage of boiling losses. That is, high performance of thermal insulation systems must be studied for reducing the boiling losses. This paper presents an experimental study on the effective thermal conductivities of the composite layered insulation with aerogel blankets($Cryogel^{(R)}$ Z and $Pyrogel^{(R)}$ XT-E) and Multi-layer insulation(MLI). The aerogel blankets are known as high porous materials and the good insulators within a soft vacuum range($10^{-3}{\sim}1$ Torr). Also, MLI is known as the best insulator within a high vacuum range(<$10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-3}$ Torr). A vertical axial cryogenic experimental apparatus was designed to investigate the thermal performance of the composite layered insulators under cryogenic conditions as well as consist of a cold mass tank, a heat absorber, annular vacuum space, and an insulators space. The composite insulators were laminated in the insulator space that height was 50 mm. In this study, the effective thermal conductivities of the materials were evaluated by measuring boil-off rate of liquid nitrogen and liquid argon in the cold mass tank.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.179-179
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• 2011

관통전극(TSV, Trough Silicon Via) 기술은 전자부품의 소형화, 고성능화, 생산성 향상을 이룰 수 있는 기술이다. Cu는 현재 배선 기술에 적용되고 있고 전기적 저항이 낮아서 TSV filling 재료로 사용된다. 하지만 확산 방지막에 의해 완벽히 감싸지지 않는다면, Cu+은 빠르게 절연막을 통과하여 Si 웨이퍼로 확산된다. 이런 현상은 절연막의 누설과 소자의 오동작 등의 신뢰성 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 현재 TSV의 제조와 열 및 기계적 응력에 관한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있으나 Biased-Thermal Stress(BTS) 조건하의 Cu 확산에 관한 연구는 활발하지 않는 것이 실정이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 TSV용 Cu 확산 방지막 Ti에 대해 Cu+의 drift 억제 특성을 조사하였다. 실험을 위해 Cu/확산 방지막/Thermal oxide/n-type Si의 평판 구조를 제작하였고 확산 방지막의 두께에 따른 영향을 조사하기 위해 Ti의 두께를 10 nm에서 100 nm까지 변화하였으며 기존 Cu 배선 공정에서 사용되는 확산 방지막 Ta와 비교하였다. 그리고 Cu+의 drift 측정을 위해 Biased-Thermal Stress 조건(Thermal stress: $275^{\circ}C$, Bias stress: +2MV/cm)에서 Capacitance 및 Timedependent dielectric breakdown(TDDB)를 측정하였다. 그 결과 Time-To Failure(TTF)를 이용하여 Cu+의 drift를 측정할 수 있었으며, 확산 방지막의 두께가 증가할수록 TTF가 증가하였고 물질에 따라 TTF가 변화하였다. 따라서 평판 구조를 이용한 본 실험의 Cu+의 drift 측정 방법은 향후 TSV 구조에서도 적용 가능한 방법으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.494-494
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• 2013

Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma of the needle-typed interaction with aqueous solutions has received increasing attention for their biomedical applications [1]. In this context, surface discharges at bio-solutions were investigated experimentally. We have generated the non-thermal plasma jet bombarding the bio-solution surface by using an Ar gas flow and investigated the emission lines by OES (optical emission spectroscopy) [2]. Moreover, The non-thermal plasma interaction with bio-solutions has received increasing attention for their biomedical applications. So we researched, the OH radical density of various biological solutions in the surface by non-thermal plasma were investigated by Ar gases. The OH radical density of DI water; deionized water, DMEM Dulbecco's modified eagle medium, and PBS; 1x phosphate buffered saline by non-thermal plasma jet. It is noted that the OH radical density of DI water and DMEM are measured to be about $4.33{\times}1016cm-3$ and $2.18{\times}1016cm-3$, respectively, under Ar gas flow 250 sccm (standard cubic centimeter per minute) in this experiment. The OH radical density of buffer solution such as PBS has also been investigated and measured to be value of about $2.18{\times}1016cm-3$ by the ultraviolet optical absorption spectroscopy.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2023

Microscale thermophysical property measurements of liquids have been developed considering the increasing interest in the thermal management of cooling systems and energy storage/transportation systems. To accurately predict the heat transfer performance, information on the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density is required. However, a simultaneous analysis of the thermophysical properties of small-volume liquids has rarely been considered. Recently, we proposed a new methodology to simultaneously analyze the aforementioned three intrinsic properties using heater-integrated fluidic resonators (HFRs) in an atmospheric pressure environment comprising a microchannel, resistive heater/thermometer, and mechanical resonator. Typically, the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity are measured based on a temperature response resulting from heating using a resistive thermometer, and the specific heat capacity can be obtained from the volumetric heat capacity by using a resonance densitometer. In this study, we analyze methods to improve the thermophysical property measurement performance using HFRs, focusing on the effect of the ambience around the sensor. The analytical method is validated using a numerical analysis, whose results agree well with preliminary experimental results. In a vacuum environment, the thermal conductivity measurement performance is enhanced, except for the thermal conductivity range of most gases, and the sensitivity of the specific heat capacity measurement is enhanced owing to an increase in the time constant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.106-114
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• 2005

This study addresses space simulation test results and thermal modelling verification of HAUSAT-2 nanosatellite STM (Structural-Thermal Model). The thermal modelling of the HAUSAT-2 has been modified in accordance with test results. Thermal analysis results were repeatedly compared with test results for modified thermal modelling. It is verified that the analysis results for modified thermal modelling agree well with test results. Some surface heaters were implemented to simulate solar illumination for HAUSAT-2 Thermal Vacuum/Balance Test. A low-cost and effective thermal test methodology, which is applicable to ultra-small satellite system, was proposed and verified by test results in this study.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

The thermal balance test in vacuum chamber for satellite structures is an essential step in the process of satellite development. However, it is technically and economically difficult to fully replicate the space environment by using the vacuum chamber. To overcome these limitations, the thermal analysis through a computer simulation technique has been conducted. The CFRP composite material has attracted attention as satellite structures since it has advantages of excellent mechanical properties and light weight. However, the nonuniform nature of the thermal conductivity of the CFRP structure should be noted at the step of thermal analysis of the satellite. Two different approaches are studied for the thermal analyses; a detailed numerical modeling and a simplified model expressed by an effective thermal conductivity. In this paper, the effective thermal conductivities of the CFRP composite structures are extracted from the detailed numerical results to provide a practical thermal design data for the satellite fabricated with the CFRP composite structure. Calculation results of the surface temperature and the thermal conductivities along x, y, z directions show fairly good agreements between the detailed modeling and the simplified model for all the cases studied here.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.439-442
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• 2001

Chalcogenide glassy semiconductors(CGS) can be obtained by the melt quenching technique. We have investigated the thin film heterostructures : metal-chalcogenide glassy semiconductors, where metal is copper, and chalcogenide glassy semiconductors are glasses of the system As-Se. CU/CGS film heterostructure were produced in the vacuum evaporator by the method of vacuum thermal evaporation. Doped films are very sensitive to external actions, and this property allows developing supersensitive precision sensors of temperature, humidity, illumination, and etc. based on them. Cu/CGS film has shown that resistance strongly depend on the temperature. The ratio of resistance vs. temperature has shown over a 2 k$\Omega$/degree. The slop of temperature and resistance shows linear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.727-730
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• 2002

Chalcogenide glassy semiconductors(CGS) can be obtained by the melt quenching technique. We have investigated the thin film heterostructures : metal-chalcogenide glassy semiconductors, where metal is copper, and chalcogenide glassy semiconductors are glasses of the system As-Se. Cu/CGS film heterostructure were produced in the vacuum evaporator by the method of vacuum thermal evaporation. Doped films are very sensitive to external actions, and this property allows developing supersensitive precision sensors of temperature, humidity, illumination, and etc. based on them. Cu/CGS film has shown that resistance strongly depend on the temperature. The slop of temperature and resistance shows linear.