• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2005

Squalene synthase (SQS) inhibitors were screened from various plants and food extracts. Effective SQS inhibitor was purified from fermented soybean paste using ethanol extraction, HP-20 column chromatography, ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and crystallization. Through UV spectrometry, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and mass spectrometry, SQS inhibitor was identified as daidzein with molecular mass of 254 and molecular formula of $C_{15}H_{10}O_4$. Daidzein showed $IC_{50}$ value of 50 nmol/L against SQS, confirming its potential as therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2011

내시경 초음파검사는 식도벽의 조직학적 층구조를 가장 유사하게 반영하는 검사법으로 식도 병변의 진단과 치료전략에 필수검사이다. 표재성 식도암에서 고주파 미세탐촉자를 이용한 EUS는 내시경 절제 같은 국소치료가 가능한 환자들을 선별하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter medication in Korea. It is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of mild to moderate pain or fever when used in therapeutic doses. However, acetaminophen overdose is a frequent cause of acute liver failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acetaminophen use for adult patients at community pharmacies in Korea. This study was a 11-questionnaire survey conducted from December 15, 2009 to January 5, 2010. Of the 204 respondents, 117 (57.4%) had used acetaminophen products within 6 months. Only 20 (9.8%) reported having knowledge about the daily maximum doses of acetaminophen, and 3 out of 20 knew it correctly. Only 10 (4.9%) reported having knowledge about the potentialtoxicity of acetaminophen overdose, and 7 out of 10 knew that acetaminophen overdose could cause liver toxicity. The results of this study indicates a need for pharmacists to educate patients regarding the appropriate doses and potential toxicities of acetaminophen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2016

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a heat-processed ginseng developed by the repeated steaming and air-drying of fresh ginseng. Compared with fresh ginseng, KRG has been shown to possess greater pharmacological activities and stability because of changes that occur in its chemical constituents during the steaming process. In addition to anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities, KRG and its purified components have also been shown to possess protective effects against microbial infections. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the properties of KRG and its components on infections with human pathogenic viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes virus, hepatitis virus, norovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus, and coxsackievirus. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of KRG as an antiviral and vaccine adjuvant is discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.818-829
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• 2018

Significant research efforts are ongoing to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which may in turn pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for treatment. The ALS research field has evolved with recent discoveries of numerous genetic mutations in ALS patients, many of which are in genes encoding RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including TDP-43, FUS, ATXN2, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, MATR3 and TIA1. Accumulating evidence from studies on these ALS-linked RBPs suggests that dysregulation of RNA metabolism, cytoplasmic mislocalization of RBPs, dysfunction in stress granule dynamics of RBPs and increased propensity of mutant RBPs to aggregate may lead to ALS pathogenesis. Here, we review current knowledge of the biological function of these RBPs and the contributions of ALS-linked mutations to disease pathogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2012

Licochalcone E was firstly isolated from licorice root in 2005, which belongs to the retrochalcone family. Studies on the biological activities of licochalcone E were in the initial stage. In the study, we demonstrated that licochalcone E has potent antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, via hemolysis, Western blot, and real-time RT-PCR assays, we have shown that subinhibitory concentrations of licochalcone E dose-dependently reduces the production of ${\alpha}$-toxin in both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The data suggest that licochalcone E may deserve further investigation as a potential therapeutic against S. aureus infections, or the structure of licochalcone E may be used as a basis for chemical synthesis of novel anti-S. aureus compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.629-633
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• 2009

The present study investigated the antimetastatic property of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) by evaluating motility, invasion, and the amount and activity of MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with increasing concentrations of COS led to a concentration-dependent decrease in cell migration. COS significantly inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through a Matrigel-coated membrane. The treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with COS reduced the amounts of secreted MMP-9. The activity and amount of MMP-9 protein in MDA-MB-231 cells were decreased by treatment with COS and occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data indicated that COS can serve as a potential novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

Marine brown algae have been identified as a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Whether Myagropsis yendoi ethanolic extracts (MYE) inhibit inflammatory responses was investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia BV-2 cells. MYE inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in BV-2 cells. MYE also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. LPS-induced nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) transcriptional activity and NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation into the nucleus were significantly inhibited by MYE treatment through preventing degradation of the inhibitor ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$. Moreover, MYE inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. These results indicate that MYE is a potential source of therapeutic or functional agents for neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2017

Ginseng effectively regulates the immune response and the hormonal changes due to stress, thus maintaining homeostasis. In addition to suppressing the occurrence of psychological diseases such as anxiety and depression, ginseng also prevents stress-associated physiological diseases. Recent findings have revealed that ginseng is involved in adjusting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and controlling hormones, thus producing beneficial effects on the heart and brain, and in cases of bone diseases, as well as alleviating erectile dysfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the potential use of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergic asthma. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of ginseng on these stress-related diseases has not been completely established. In this review, we focus on the disease pathways caused by stress in order to determine how ginseng acts to improve health. Central to our discussion is how this effective and stable therapeutic agent alleviates the anxiety and depression caused by stress and ameliorates inflammatory diseases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

The rapid development of targeted therapies has enormously changed the clinical management of lung cancer patients over the past decade; therefore, molecular testing, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, is now routinely used to predict the therapeutic responses in lung cancer patients. Moreover, as technology and knowledge supporting molecular testing is rapidly evolving, the landscape of targetable genomic alterations in lung cancer is expanding as well. This article will summarize the current state of the most commonly altered and most clinically relevant genes in lung cancer along with a brief review of potential future developments in molecular testing of lung cancer.