• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.189-198
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• 2002

Objective : To research the trend of the study related to rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and to establish the hereafter direction of the study on RA. Methods : We have selected 12 medical report about RA in Arthritis & Rheumatism and Journal of Rheumatology recently, reviewed them, and investigated their methods. Results & Conclusions : The pattern of study was as follows: physical & serologic research in 2 articles, immunologic research in 7 articles, and genetic research in 3 articles. There is now evidence of the benefit of treatment early in the disease course and evidence of the impact of treatment on outcomes. New classes of therapeutic agents have also been introduced. Wherever possible, these revised guidelines are evidence-based. By the above results, it would be needed further research on RA mechanism related immunologic and genetic process.

• Ceramist
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 2019

Ceramic layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids have attracted considerable interest in biomedical science due to their unique structural feature and characteristics in biological condition. Many studies on LDH nanoparticles have been reported in diagnosis applications including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in order to not only provide better imaging performance through multimodal imaging strategy, but realize therapeutic function which treat cancers in one platform. This review highlights the recent progress in MRI T₁ contrast agent, dual modal imaging system, and MRI-guided drug delivery systems ranging from synthetic method and characterization to evaluation in vitro and in vivo based on the ceramic LDH nanohybrids. Future research directions are also suggested for next-generation bio-imaging contrast agent.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.227-236
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• 2014

Understanding germinal center reactions is crucial not only for the design of effective vaccines against infectious agents and malignant cells but also for the development of therapeutic intervention for the treatment of antibody-mediated immune disorders. Recent advances in this field have revealed specialized subsets of T cells necessary for the control of B cell responses in the follicle. These cells include follicular regulatory T cells and Qa-1-restricted cluster of differentiation $(CD)8^+$ regulatory T cells. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge related to the role of regulatory T cells in the B cell follicle.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

This study was peformed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and antifungal of the cambodian mushroom, Phellinus linteus, in various concentrations from the mushroom extracts. It's extracts were found to cause significant free radical scavenging effects on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). This extracts exhibited in vitro broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and without antifungal activity. On the other hand, the extracts had not significant hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. These results indicate cambodian mushroom, Phellinus inteus having antioxidant and antimicrobial activity without hemolytic activity maybe useful as therapeutic agents.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

Osteoporosis in gastric cancer patients is often overlooked or even neglected despite its high prevalence in these patients. Considering that old age, malnutrition, chronic disease, chemotherapy, decreased body mass index and gastrectomy are independent risk factors for osteoporosis, it is reasonable that the prevalence of osteoporosis in gastric cancer patients would be high. Many surviving patients suffer from back pain and pathological fractures, which are related to osteoporosis. Fractures have obvious associated morbidities, negative impact on quality of life, and impose both direct and indirect costs. In the era of a >55.6% 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer and increased longevity in gastric cancer patients, it is very important to eliminate common sequelae such as osteoporosis. Fortunately, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is well established and many therapeutic agents have been shown to be effective and safe not only in postmenopausal females but also in elderly males. Recently, effective treatments of gastric cancer patients with osteoporosis using bisphosphonates, which are commonly used in postmenopausal woman, were reported.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.94-105
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• 2002

Apoptotic cell death is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process in which a cell is instructed to actively participate in its own demise. This process of cellular suicide is activated by developmental and environmental cues and normally plays an essential role in eliminating superfluous, damaged, and senescent cells of many tissue types. In recent years, a number of experimental studies have provided evidence of widespread neuronal and glial apoptosis following injury to the central nervous system (CNS). These studies indicate that injury-induced apoptosis can be detected from hours to days following injury and may contribute to neurological dysfunction. Given these findings, understanding the biochemical signaling events controlling apoptosis is a first step towards developing therapeutic agents that target this cell death process. This review will focus on molecular cell death pathways that are responsible for generating the apoptotic phenotype. It will also summarize what is currently known about the apoptotic signals that are activated in the injured CNS, and what potential strategies might be pursued to reduce this cell death process as a means to promote functional recovery.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2003

Asiaticoside has been tested for the ability as an anti-inflammatory drug using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cell). LPS treatment induced dramatically inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW cells. However, asiaticoside inhibited LPS-stimulated iNOS induction in a concentration-dependent manner. Especially, higher concentrations (＞50 $\mu\textrm{M}$) of asiaticoside completely blocked iNOS induction. In addition, LPS-stimulated expression of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and interleukin-1 $\alpha$ (IL-1 $\alpha$) was inhibited by asiaticoside treatment. Asiaticoside up to 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ still required to inhibit COX-2 and IL-1 $\alpha$ induced by LPS. Consistent with these findings, treatment with asiaticoside suppressed do novo synthesis and cellular accumulation of prostaglandin $E_2$ to a lesser extent, suggesting that asiaticoside blocked the induction as well as the activity of COX-2 These results suggest the possibility that asiaticoside may be effective therapeutic agents for septic shock and other inflammatory diseases.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.168-180
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• 2010

Acute renal failure (ARF) is common in the neonatal period, however, there are no uniform treatment strategies of ARF. The main treatment strategies are conservative management including medical treatment and the renal replacement therapy. Because ARF in the newborn is commonly acquired by hypoxic ischemic injury and toxic insults, removal of all the offending causes is important. Aminoglycoside, indomethacin, and amphotericin-B are the most common nephrotoxic drugs of ARF. To relieve the possible prerenal ARF, initial fluid challenge can be followed by diuretics. If there is no response, fluid restriction and correction of electrolyte imbalance should begin. Adequate nutritional support and drug dosing according to the pharmacokinetics of such drugs will be difficult problems. Renal replacement therapies may be provided by peritoneal dialysis, intermittent hemodialysis, or hemofiltration. New promising agents, bioartificial kidney, and stem cell will enable us to extend our therapeutic repertoire.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3561-3568
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• 2012

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the largest family of cell surface receptors, the G protein-coupled receptors involved in calcium homeostasis. The role of the CaSR in neoplasia appears to be homeostatic; loss of normal CaSR-induced response to extracellular calcium is observed in cancers of the colon and ovary, while increased release of PTHrP is observed in cancers of the breast, prostate and Leydig cells. Currently CaSR can be considered as a molecule that can either promote or prevent tumor growth depending on the type of cancer. Therefore, recognition of the multifaceted role of CaSR in gliomas and other malignant tumors in general is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of tumor progression and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Emphasis should be placed on development of drug-targeting methods to modulate CaSR activity in cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2007

Leaves and stem of Viburnum sargentii for. sterile(Caprifoliaceae) has been used as therapeutic agents as a pain of the joints, skin disease as styptics, analgesics for traditional folk medicines. The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of biological activities-analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective activities, of its methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction. Among them butanol fraction showed the highest activity in inflammation and writhing test.