• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.913-922
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• 1995

Background: When we define the pressure of pulmonary vasculature in which a recruitment of blood flow occurs as $P_I$ and the proportion of change in pulmonary artery to that in cardiac output as IR and then we compare PI and IR with pulmonary vascular resistance, we would find some problems in pulmonary vascular resistance. In other words, it is the theory that, IR should be increased mainly in pulmonary embolism in which decreases the cross sectional area of pulmonary vasculature. But there are many contradictory reports resulted from various researches and the fact is known widely that any difference exists between PVR and PI, IR. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to observe how PI and IR change at the time of the outbreak and during treatment of the pulmonary embolism, and to find out the meaning of these new indicators and the difference from the pulmonary vascular resistance used generally when we subdivide the pulmonary vascular resistance into PI and IR. Method: After making AV fistula in experimental dog, we controlled cardiac output at the intervals of 15 minute in case of three kinds(all AV fistula are obstructed, only one of fistula is open and all of fistula is open), and after evoking massive pulmonary embolism with radioactive autologous blood clots, we measured the mean pulmonary artery pressure, and calculated PI and IR. We observed the pattern of change in PI and IR, without giving the control group any specific treatment and with injecting intravenously rtPA in the Group 1 and Group 2 at the dose of 1mg per kg, for 15 minutes fot the former and 3 hours for the latter. Result: 1) Pulmonary vascular resistance showed a change similar to that of pulmonary artery pressure and in all three group, PVR increased significantly, but group 1 and group 2 showed tendency that PVR keeps on decreasing after treatment, and the rate of decrease in group 1 is more rapid than group 2 significantly. 2) Both intersection(PI) and degree(IR) are proved statistically significant, in view of the straight line relationship between cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressure, calculated by minimal regression method. 3) PI changed similarly to pulmonary vascular resistance, while in the IR which is theoretically more similar to PVR, there was no significant difference or change after rtPA infusion. Conclusion: In the pulmonary embolism, Both change in IR which means real resistance of pulmonary vasculature and PI which was developed due to secondary vasoconstriction by pulmonary embolism are reflected same time.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Recent study shows that ordered alloy of $L1_2$ $XPt_3$ (M = V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Fe) exhibits various magnetic phases such as ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition at the $MnPt_3$ surface. Moreover, it has been argued that $CrPt_3$, in particular, possess large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and Kerr rotation with possible violation of Hund's rule. As such, we extend our work to thickness dependence of the magnetic structure of $CrPt_3$ thin film using density functional theory. Magnetic ground state of the bulk $CrPt_3$ turns out to be ferromagnetic (FM), where other magnetic phases such as A-type (A-AF), C-type (C-AF), and G-type antiferromagnetic (G-AF) state have higher total energies than FM by 0.517, 0.591, and 0.183 eV, respectively, and magnetic moments of Cr in bulk are respectively 2.807 (FM), 2.805 (A-AF), 2.794 (C-AF) and $2.869_{{\mu}_B}$ (G-AF). We extend our study to $CrPt_3$(001) thin films with CrPt-and Pt-termination. The thickness and surface-termination dependences of magnetism are investigated for 3-9 monolayers (ML), where different magnetic phases from bulk emerge: C-AF for CrPt-terminated 3 ML and G-AF for Pt-terminated 5 ML have energy difference relative to FM by 8 and 54 meV, respectively. Furthermore, thickness- and surface-termination-dependent magnetocrystalline anisotropies of the $CrPt_3$(001) films are discussed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-137
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• 1996

Under-utilization of Korean women's education in the labor market has been observed and pointed out as a waste of valuable human resources. Although education provides women with positive returns when they work, it has been found that Korean women's education is not much related to the likelihood of women's labor force participation. This tendency cannot be explained by micro-economic theory, which says that educated women are more likely to participate in the labor force. Thus, in this analysis, a macro-level explanation is attempted to understand Korean women's economic behaviors in relation to education. Korea's rapid industrialization since 1960 has provided ample job opportunities mostly for less educated women. On the other hand, increasing demand for educated female labor has been moderate. Various restriction against women, especially married women, have prevailed in the Korean labor market. Restrictions against women and the marriage bar tend to be selectively applied to decent white-collar jobs, mostly affecting educated women. Furthermore, there has been no shortage of educated male labor due to its adequate supply. Since Korean women spend most of their adult lives in marriage, married women's low participation in the labor force is a critical factor for the low economic returns to women's education throughout their lifetime. Restriction against married women in the labor market also existed in the past of the United States and the Great Britain. However, along with the expansion of the service sector, married women in great numbers flowed into non-manual jobs. The post-1940 increase of married women in the labor force in those countries can be understood to be a result of a labor shortage for non-manual jobs. Also in Taiwan, which shares many common cultural and economic backgrounds with Korea, the marriage bar has been in decline since the late 1970s, along with an increasing demand for female labor in the service sector. In sum, the changes in the demand structure and the supply of educated male labor force will contribute to the lift of the marrige bar in Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-173
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• 1996

This study is an attempt to identify factors affecting korean immigrants concentration in small business enterprises in the middleman minority sector including the priphery and core sectors, with the private wage and self-employed worker examined in each sector, employing the 5 percent public use sample from the 1980 United States census. One out of five koreans aged 25∼64 years is engaged in self-employed small businesses, while the majority of koreans (4 out of 5) are in the private wage sector. In contrast to expectations, English language difficulties and inferior education are not the prime factors affecting self-employment small businesses. The korean self-employed small business owners both in the periphery sector and in the core sector showed the 'middle' strata of their position in the social structure in terms of their industry, occupation, earnings, etc.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-198
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• 1997

Going beyond the previous formulations of development theories, the present paper explores the effects other than political economy on quality of life in a rapidly developing country. The major analysis takes up the historical trend and nature of the developmental transformation that is partially a consequences of state structures and partially autonomous form it in South Korea. Also, it diagnoses developmental pathways for the future track by constructing a baseline model for state transition on the basis of power game between the state and civil society in the country. The results of the historical analysis show that civil society has been transformed in the course of confrontations and interactions between the state and nationalist social movement. The distinction between developmental(or bureaucratic authoritarian) and democratic state is presented to show that these are two qualitatively different aspects of state of state power, requiring separate analytical treatment. Furthermore, the state-centric approach which emphasizes the active role of the state at the sacrifice of societal fabric-constraining social conditions for quality of life - appears to be modified. On the contrary, the impact of civil society is transmitted both directly and indirectly via labor and ecological movement for quality of life, which is critical to the formation of the welfare state in the country. The prospect for sustainable development in Korea lies in providng and expanding quality of life in terms of the financial feasibility of the state through the public-private cooperation, and abstaining from drastic and radical commitment to welfare services as is the case with the European declines in welfare state, Further studies are needed to examine the interrelationships in different historical and cultural settings of developing counties to estimate a theory of quality of life and social justice.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 1998

Purpose and Method : We have many difficulty of using the existing medical Hurbs based on the theory of Yin-yang and the five elements, this is why we still do not explain the Sasang Constitutional medical Hurb Classification and do not have the Sasang Constitutional Pharmacology exactly, so we easily enter into a dispute and confusion. So through literary consideration about clematis mandshurica Maxim. I try to objectify Sasang Constitutional Clasification of Clematis mandshurica Maxim and the spirit of using Clematis mandshurica Maxim and common property of Sasang Constitutional Medical Hurb and try to find out a clue that search the effect of other Sasang Constitutional Medical Hurb. Result : Qi(氣) and mi(味) of Clematis mandshurica Maxim has bitter and hot taste and have won Qi(溫氣), the color is dark, the using portion of clematis mandshurica Maxim is root as medial Hurb. So Clematis mandshurica Maxim fall down from lung and divied impurity and purity and able to remove the symptom that dryness and fever is solidified like Magnoliae cortex(厚朴). Clematis mandshurica Maxim have the effect of awakening Jin-Qi(眞氣) of lung and divide impurity and purity of Qi(氣) and ack(液) and improve the fuction and structure of Taeumin(太陰人) I think that the method of literay consideration on objectification of Sasang Constitution Pharmacology is of great value.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2020

This study conceptualized the essence and propensity of modern management in service age, based on philosophy, and developed items to evaluate the conceptualized content. It was carried out as a new study to deepen the study of management philosophy and management theory by the new management framework. In order to establish the philosophical foundation of the modern management, the essence of the modern management was conceptualized based on the fundamental ideas of the East and West, and then an evaluation item was developed to put the essence and propensity of the modern management into practical use through analytical and empirical methods. After analyzing the representative ideas of mankind, it was derived that the Book of Change has the qualification as a philosophical model that can derive the essence of modern management. The Book of Change explains the reasoning of the world in the structure of two opposing parties, such as Taiji or Yin and Yang, and the process of acknowledging the contradictions within each opposing party and overcoming the contradictions through change is the central idea. Because you can see. After conducting a conceptual study, through empirical research, the essence and propensity of a modern manager should be conceptualized. The concept of essence and empirical study of the modern management using the leading role was conducted in two stages. First, a qualitative study using repetitive comparative analysis (CCM), focus group interview (FGI), and text mining was conducted to derive the essential and propensity conceptualization items that modern managers should possess. In addition, a quantitative study using factor analysis to develop sample items and develop measurement items through literature review and FGI was conducted to derive the essential concept of the modern management. Finally, the essence of modern management was derived: learning, preparation, challenge, inclusion, trust, morality, and sacrifice. In the future, it is necessary to conduct empirical research on the effectiveness of the essence of modern management for global and Korean representative companies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

The meridian, the meridian point and the Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(鍼灸補瀉) of oriental medicine are very important in the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Until now it has been confused at the practical use, and it showed up many transformation to the ages and many scholars. And then, I made a study of effects on the thermal changes of Sangyang($LI_1$,商陽), Igan($LI_2$,二間), Samgan($LI_3$,三間), Hapkok($LI_4$,合谷), Yanggye($LI_5$,陽谿), Kokchi($LI_{11}$,曲池), Yonghyang($LI_{20}$,迎香) following acupuncture on the Hapkok with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(捻轉補瀉) stimulation. This study researched into clinical statistics for 140 men who are in good health, and they are studying oriental medicine at Woosuk university in Korea. This study was covered a period of 3 months form June, 1999 to August, 1999. The objective was divided into seven groups, those are the control group(CON, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on Hapkok of left hand(A-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(A-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation(捻轉補法) on Hapkok of left hand(B-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(B-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation(捻轉瀉法) on Hapkok of left hand(C-I, N=20), and the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point of left hand(C-II, N=20). The first, I took a picture for 140 men with the Digital infrared thermal image(D.I.T.I.). After 10 minutes, I took a second picture for each group following experimental methods, those were followed acupuncture on the Hapkok and the non-meridian point with the retentive and Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie stimulation. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Hapkok different from the control groups with significantly change. 2.The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation groups on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 3. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant increase. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 5. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant decrease and increase following the decreasing or increasing temperature class, and the increasing temperature class of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok significantly different from the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok. 6. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. As a conclusion, I could think that the acupuncture stimulation with Bu-rotation or Xie-rotation on Hapkok affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point, and with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie theory of oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of HE exam questions through analyzing the examination items for secondary Home Economics(HE) teaching certification from 2002 to 2011. The results of the study were as follows: First, regarding the analysis on pedagogy of HE course, it accounted for 30.9% of the total questions, and recently, it increased to 35%. Regarding the ratio of questions by each evaluation element, 'practice of teaching and learning methods for HE course'(33.2%) had the highest ratio, and 'essence of the education of HE'(3.2%) had the lowest ratio. Second, regarding the analysis on eating habits, it amounted to 17.5% of the total questions, and recently reached 15%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'cooking theory and practice'(26.1%) had the highest ratio, and 'culture of eating habits'(3.7%) had the lowest ratio. Third, regarding the analysis on clothing habits, it accounted 15% of the total questions, and recently reached 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'clothing management'(25.1%) and 'production of clothing and living necessaries'(25.1%) had the highest ratio, and 'selection of clothing and self-expression'(3.0%) had the lowest ratio. Fourth, regarding the analysis on housing life, it accounted for 11% of the total questions, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to each evaluation element, 'the understanding of housing life culture'(22.5%) had the highest ratio, and 'the understanding of housing interior design'(10.7%) had the lowest ratio. Fifth, regarding the analysis on daily life as a consumer, it accounted for 12.4%, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element 'management of domestic resources'(34%) had the highest ratio, and 'planning of entire life and domestic welfare'(0%) had the zero ratio. Sixth, regarding the analysis on family life, it accounted for 13.3% of the total questions, and recently reaches 12.5%. With regard to the ratio of each evaluation element, 'the understanding of family and the changes in family'(23.8%) had the highest ratio, and 'marriage and the development of family'(2%) had the lowest ratio.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

The leaf aqueous extracts from five gymnosperms plant were investigated for allelopathy with five Hibiscus syriacus varieties. The leaf aqueous extract of Pinus rigida had the highest total phenolic compound of 2.21mg/L, whereas the soil under Pinus koraiensis canopy had the highest total phenolic compound of 1.38mg/L. Fourteen phenolic compounds were isolated from five gymnosperm plants by HPLC. Among them, phenolic compounds were the highest in P. rigida (320.56 g/mg) with the primary compound 5-sulfosalicylic acid (312.55 g/mg). The correlation between leaf total phenolic compound and pH was not significant, while the total phenolic compound of the leaf extract changed soil pH. The relative seed germination of H. syriacus varieties showed 25% was threshold concentration. The germination rates of varieties were similar to the control group or showed slight stimulation to treatment of P. koraiensis extract. H. syriacus Cambanha was similar to the control group or showed stimulation in all treated groups. H. syriacus Seohohyang showed stimulation in both root and shoot growth compared to the control group. In other varieties except Seohohyang, shoot growth was similar to the control group, while root growth was stimulated in all treated groups. The extracts of tested gymnosperms showed significantly more stimulation to transplanted Seohohyang seedlings, whereas others were similar to control or inhibited in the greenhouse. The dry weight of Seohohyang was greater in all treated groups than the control group, while other varieties were inhibited. All gymnosperm extracts stimulated the chlorophyll contents of Seohohyang and H. syriacus Koyoro but other varieties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, it is suggested that Seohohyang seems the most desirable when planted within these five gymnosperms.