• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Social networking is gaining speed and has grown indispensable as technology develops. As a result, social media, particularly Facebook, Instagram, and influencer marketing, are replacing conventional marketing trends. The top 15 search terms for Mongolian women between the ages of 18 and 34 in 2019 on Facebook were cosmetics and shopping. Companies use social media, the main tool of social media, to promote their products while simultaneously increasing productivity at a minimal cost. In Mongolia, finding out about cosmetic brand products on social media is rather usual. The impact of social media influencers on the purchasing of cosmetic brands must thus be researched. We aimed to find out the relationship between attractiveness, authenticity, communication ability, and influence, which are characteristics of beauty influencers, on product purchase intention and identification between consumers and followers (information acceptance, purchase intention). Communication ability and influence appeared to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on identification. On the other hand, attractiveness, communication ability, and influence all showed a statistically significant positive (+) effect on information acceptance. Identification and information acceptance has s significant positive effect on purchase intention.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2024

Nanoparticles are commonly used to avoid the opaque white color of TiO₂ based sunscreen. However, a dispersing agent is typically required because of the tendency of the nanoparticles (NPs) to agglomerate. Stearic acid is one kind of dispersing agent often used for sunscreen products. However, according to the MSDS data sheet on stearic acid, stearic acid is highly hazardous to aquatic life and causes irritation on human skin. To avoid this problem, in this study a safer organic dispersing agent extracted from Korean seaweed has been studied to disperse TiO₂ nanoparticles, and further use as an active agent in sunscreen products. The presence of phytochemicals in seaweed extract, especially alginate, can disperse TiO₂ nanoparticles and improve TiO₂ dispersion properties. Results show that seaweed extract can improve the dispersion properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles and sunscreen products. Reducing the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles improves sunscreen properties, by making it less opaque white in color, and increasing UV protection value. It was also confirmed that adding seaweed extract into sunscreen products had no irritating effects on the human skin, making it more desirable for cosmetics application.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.245-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tyrosinase inhibitory activity of plant extracts, especially Korean indigenous plants, for the cosmetic use of skin whitening. When 50 plant extracts were tested, the methanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa, Aster scaber; Dianthus sinensis, Fatsia japonica, Hemistepta lyrata, Lespedeza cuneata, Osmunda japonicum, Pyrvla japvnica, Rodgersia phodophylla and Veratrum grandiforum possessed the considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 3-300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Especially, L. cuneata, aerial part of O. japonicum and V. gandiforum exhibited the strong inhibition (>50％ inhibition at 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). In particular, the methanol extract of V. grandiforum and its ethylacetate fraction showed potent inhibition ($IC_{50}$/=30 and 13$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively), while the reference compound, kojic acid, showed $IC_{50}$/ value of 26$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. These plant extracts may be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1396-1400
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• 2007

In this study, poly(iso-butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA)] microgel was prepared and used as a face powder additive. The spreading, adhesiveness, and skin reactivity of poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel-containing face powder II were investigated and compared with the same properties of commercially available Silica bead 700-containing face powder I. In the results, the particle size of the poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel was significantly swelled as a result of sebum absorption. Face powder II showed a lower primary irritation index and a higher adhesiveness than did face powder I. Face powder I showed a low sebum absorption ratio and a relatively high rate of sebum absorption, whereas face powder II, contrastingly, exhibited a high sebum absorption ratio and a low rate of sebum absorption, which properties would reduce the phenomena of facial strain and sliminess. These results indicate that poly(iso- BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel has outstanding sebum absorption characteristic and adhesiveness, and thus that it is a good candidate for use as a face powder additive.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2010

An agar-degrading Agarivorans sp. AG17 strain was isolated from the red seaweed Grateloupia filicina collected from Jeju Island. A beta-agarase gene from Agarivorans sp. AG17 was cloned and designated as agrA. agrA has a 2,985 bp coding region encoding 995 amino acids and was classified into the glycoside hydrolase family (GHF)-50. Predicted molecular mass of the mature protein was 105 kDa. His-tagged agrA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified as a fusion protein. The enzyme showed 158.8 unit/mg specific activity (optimum temperature at $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 in acetate buffer) with unique biochemical properties (high thermal and pH stabilities). Enzyme produced neoagarohexaose, neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose by degrading agar, and hydrolyzed neoagaro-oligosaccharides were biologically active. Hence the purified enzyme has potential for use in industrial applications such as the development of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4427-4432
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• 2010

Parabens have been widely used as preservatives in cosmetics due to the presumed low toxicity and long history of safe use. However, recent studies have shown the potent toxicity of parabens. In order to know if electrolyzed reduced water could suppress the oxidative DNA damage of HDF cell by methylparaben, one of the frequently used parabens, we performed comet assay in this study. As a result, interestingly, electrolyzed reduced water could suppress methylparaben-induced oxidative DNA damage in HDF cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

Oxidative stress in skin cells can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for pathogenic processes such as immunosuppression, inflammation, and skin aging. In this study, we confirmed improvements from gamma-irradiated silk sericin (I-sericin) and gamma-irradiated silk fibroin (I-fibroin) to skin cells damaged by oxidative stress. We found that I-sericin and I-fibroin effectively attenuated oxidative stress-induced ROS generation and decreased oxidative stress-induced inflammatory factors COX-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β compared to the use of non-irradiated sericin or fibroin. I-sericin and Ifibroin effects were balanced by competition with skin regenerative protein factors reacting to oxidative stress. Taken together, our results indicated that, compared to non-irradiated sericin or fibroin, I-sericin, and I-fibroin had anti-oxidation and antiinflammation activity and protective effects against skin cell damage from oxidative stress. Therefore, gamma-irradiation may be useful in the development of cosmetics to maintain skin health.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2017

This study collects 112 webtoon advertisements by Google extended search to reveal the narratives of webtoon in persuasive communication context. The results of content analysis are as follows. First, product categories are found relatively more in number such as content and game, cosmetics, public service announcement than other products. Second, the number of webtoon advertisements has increased these seven years; rather drastic increase is found in 2013. Third, as for the origin, brand webtoon is the largest number of all types. Fourth, there is a significant difference between public interest products and commercial products in absurdity advertising number. Commercial products use a variety of genres such as romance, drama, everyday life, including absurdity, while public interest products focus mainly on everyday life.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2009

This study described formation and dispersion of stable lamellar structure containing ceramide. To characterize of the lamellar structure containing ceramide, we used differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and FT-IR spectra, which enabled us to demonstrate that ceramide with appropriate amounts of lipid, oil and surfactant can assemble to form a stable lamellar-phase. These approaches to use ceramide offers useful means to fabricate a variety of biocompatible emulsion and liposome, which enlarge their applicability in the fields of drug delivery, dermatology and cosmetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2017

Human eyes and skin are frequently exposed to chemicals accidentally or on purpose due to their external location. Therefore, chemicals are required to undergo the evaluation of the ocular and dermal irritancy for their safe handling and use before release into the market. Draize rabbit eye and skin irritation test developed in 1944, has been a gold standard test which was enlisted as OECD TG 404 and OECD TG 405 but it has been criticized with respect to animal welfare due to invasive and cruel procedure. To replace it, diverse alternatives have been developed: (i) For Draize eye irritation test, organotypic assay, in vitro cytotoxicity-based method, in chemico tests, in silico prediction model, and 3D reconstructed human cornealike epithelium (RhCE); (ii) For Draize skin irritation test, in vitro cytotoxicity-based cell model, and 3D reconstructed human epidermis models (RhE). Of these, RhCE and RhE models are getting spotlight as a promising alternative with a wide applicability domain covering cosmetics and personal care products. In this review, we overviewed the current alternatives to Draize test with a focus on 3D human epithelium models to provide an insight into advancing and widening their utility.