• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2013

To study the importance of family meals in adolescents, 251 middle school students were surveyed through a questionnaire on their family meal patterns, dietary behaviors, food intake, and life satisfaction. The family meals were defined as "meals with all family members living together" by 62.2% of the students. For the frequency of family meals, 42.2% of the students replied having family meals "More than once a day". A common reason for the difficulty in having a family meal was a "lack of time" (73.3% of the students). Students tended to respond that they would be most fond in having meals with entire family members with traditional Korean food. Having more frequent family meals was found to benefit both individual and familial dietary behavior. In terms of food intake according to the frequency of family meals, the group having frequent family meals consumed significantly more rice, tofu, legumes, meats, fishes, eggs, green vegetables, seaweeds, fruits, milk, and milk products. This indicates that students can achieve a balanced diet through family meals. In terms of emotional status, the group having more frequent family meals showed a higher satisfaction with their daily life, health, nutritional status, and care from their relatives. In terms of personal mental status, the group having more frequent family meals was also found to be more effective at controlling undesirable emotions such as loneliness, indignation, and lethargy. As a result of this study, students in the group having more frequent family meals were found to have a positive dietary behavior, a balanced nutrition, a higher life satisfaction, and a more stable mental status. This result is useful as nutritional and educational information in schools to impress upon the public the importance of family meals for adolescents.

• 한국어학
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• 제76권
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• pp.143-186
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• 2017

The name list of Korean meals in this paper includes the names of main meals, as well as refreshments between meals. They are deeply related to the time when people have a meal during the day. In other words, the names have generally consisted of two constituents, namely a temporal expression and a name of staple food. This means that Korean's eating habits influenced the names at the time they were formed. Therefore, in this paper, I researched the names of Korean meals which were found in the literature written during 15C ~ early 20C, and studied the diachronic changes happened in the name list of Korean meals, as well as the individual names. As a result, it is verified that how frequent and when people had meals in those days determined the name list of Korean meals, and the biggest change occurred when the midday meal was incorporated into the main meals.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

This study examined the relationship between family meal time and emotional well-being for 5,186 fathers who were employed and had at least one child aged under 18 for the years 2009 and 2014 by analyzing their time diaries. In doing so, changes in time spent by fathers on family meals between 2009 and 2014 were also examined along with the factors associated with the amount of meal time for each year in order to understand ways to increase paternal participation in family meals. Analytic results showed that a father's family meal time had a positive association with his time use and life satisfaction; however, fathers who spent more than 40 minutes a day having meals with the family reported the highest score in time use and life satisfaction. The amount of time fathers spent on family meals increased from 38 minutes in 2009 to 43 minutes in 2014, whose change turned out to be mainly attributable to something more than the compositional change in the population between the two years, such as growing public awareness or cultural acceptance of the value of family meal. Fathers in dual-earner households tend to have longer family meal times; however, different factors were associated with their family meal times in 2009 and 2014. Policy implications are discussed in light of the government-initiated dining table education campaign to increase family meal time for the sake of children's character education at home.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of constipation, related factors of constipation of female high school students. Methods: The study subjects were 322 students of Y high schools located in a Suwon city, who were selected by the accidental sampling from November 2009. We analyzed the data by frequency analysis, Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis using SPSS ver.12.0. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: A prevalence rate of self-reported constipation was 55.3%. From the Logistic analysis by self-reported method, leading causes of constipation on the students were drinking beverage, the less frequency of having meals, irregular time of having meals, not eating breakfast, insufficient exercise and not evacuating the bowels regularly. Conclusions: Based on these results, intervention to increase the amount of beverage constipation, intake of vegetable, regularity of taking meals, stress management should be provided to prevent the constipation.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.21-41
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• 2018

This study determined the characteristics of meal-related time use among employees living in one-person and multi-person households by conducting a comparison focused on gender and age differences. Among the questionnaires distributed to employees during the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, 19,692 were used for final analysis. The results were as follows: First, the one-person households had shorter meal-related time use than did the multi-person households, except for the time spent having snacks and beverages. Second, meal-related time use was generally longer in non-working days than in workdays. Third, gender differences in meal-related time use were observed, with the more significant ones being the differences in time devoted to meal preparation and dishwashing. Fourth, in both the one-person and multi-person households, women spent a longer amount of time preparing meals and washing dishes than did men, but this difference was greater in multi-person households. Fifth, old individuals spend a longer time preparing meals and washing dishes than did young individuals. Policies must be enforced to improve the quality of diets in one-person households. Such households should also be provided nutrition education to increase their awareness of the importance of healthy and regular meals. Another essential requirement of policy is the provision of gender equality education for both the one-person and multi-person households.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2007

This study investigated the overall conditions related to family meals, including perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, among middle and high school students. The data were collected from 773 male and female students attending middle and high schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to May 2006, using pre-tested self-administered questionnaires. The results are as follows: 78.9% of the subjects lived with their parents and siblings, and 75.7% regarded family meals as meals eaten with all family members living together in a household. As for the frequency of family meals, 40.1% of the middle school subjects answered that they ate with their family 'more than once per day' and 20.8% answered '1 or 2 time per a week'. However 21.0% of the high school students had family meals 'more than once per day', and 31.7% had family meals '1 or 2 times per a week', showing a significant difference between the groups(p<0.001). When the degree of satisfaction with life was evaluated using a Likert scale(strongly satisfied 5 point, strongly unsatisfied 1 point), the middle school students showed a significantly higher level of satisfaction than the high school students towards daily life, health, nutritive conditions, and family care. feelings, attitudes, and behaviors toward family meals were also evaluated(strongly agree 5 point, strongly disagree 1 point), and the results showed that the subjects had positive psychological feelings, with significant differences based on the frequency of family meals. Likewise, the groups who ate frequent family meals scored higher on aspects related to having positive attitudes and behaviors toward the family meal, implying that eating family meals is associated with promoting friendship, psychological stability, and positive thinking in adolescents. These findings suggest that attention needs to he directed toward increasing the frequency of family meals and creating a positive family meal environment.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and eating behaviors of middle school students in Kwangju area about food and nutrition section of Home Economics course. The subjects were 480 middle school students. The major results were as follows： On the perception f food and nutrition section, the 1st graders learned ‘how to settle the problems related to food and nutrition and food choices’. The 2nd graders learned ‘the knowledge and principle of food and nutrition for improving dietary life’. The 3rd graders learned ‘actual dietary life functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’. Consequently, there was a significant difference in each grade and all boy and girl students have the highest response to the item ‘they learn how to settle the nutrition problem and foods choices’. On the interests in food and nutrition section, lower graders and girl students have higher interest than hgiher graders and boy students. The area which was considered as most interesting in food and nutrition sections was ‘cooking’ in all students. The perception of the concern on dietary life after learning food and nutrition section was higher in the 1st graders. On the perception of the area where was a great change in their own dietary life after learning food and nutrition section, the 1st graders responded there was a great change in ‘balanced dietary life’, the 2nd graders in ‘eating habit and nutrition of adolescence’and the 3rd graders in ‘cooking’. Especially, girl students showed more changes. On the perception of degree which food and nutrition section gives a help to actual life, students over 50% responded that it was helpful to their actual life. This showed that the lower the grades, the more help it gave to those students. On the perception of mother’s job, the students with working mother considered that they learned ‘actual dietary life functions like functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’from the food and nutrition section. In addition, they had high interests in the area of ‘cooking’. It was recognized that as the family size was greater, the food and nutrition section gave more helps to actual life. On eating behaviors of breakfast, the higher the grade, the more frequent they don’t have breakfast, boy students have more frequencies of having breakfast than girl students and the primary reason of not having breakfast is poor appetite. On whether going without a meal affects study or not, most of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd graders whether they are boys and girls or not responded it affected their study. On eating behaviors of lunch, most of boy and girl students in the 1st, 2nd 3rd grade have lunch box. On eating behaviors of supper, eating time is usually between 7：00 and 8：00 p.m and eating hour is mostly 10 or 15 minutes. On eating behaviors between meals, frequency of eating between meals is mostly once or twice a day and girl students have more frequencies of eating between meals, and the cause was hunger commonly in boy and girl students and ‘killing time’in girl students. The focus in getting the foods is ‘taste’and favorite food is fruit regardless of the grade.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.668-679
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• 2010

본 연구는 인천 지역 초등학생을 대상으로 결식 상태에 따른 식습관과 영양 섭취 설태를 알아보기 위해서 인천 남동구 소재 초등학교에 재학 중인 4~6학년을 대상으로 일반 사항, 부모 및 가족 사항, 부모의 아침 식사에 대한 인식, 식습관 및 생활 습관, 영양 태도, 영양 섭취 상태를 조사한 후 결식군(104명)과 비결식군(258명)으로 나눠 비교 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 결식군과 비결식군의 평균 나이는 각각 10.9세, 10.8세 이었으며, 평균 신장과 체중은 결식군 144.5 cm와 38.6 kg, 비결식군 145.7 cm와 39.3 kg이었고， 평균 비만도는 각각 2.2%, 0.2%이었다. 2. 아침 식사가 건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 생각하는 부모님은 결식군 74.8%, 비결식군 88.3%로 결식 여부에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 아침 식사를 매일 챙겨준다는 응답은 결식군이 43.7%인 반면, 비결식군은 94.9%로 나타나 자녀에게 아침 식사를 챙겨주는 횟수도 결식 여부에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 3. 식사를 하지 않는 이유로 결식군은 시간이 없어서라는 응답이 41.2%로 가장 높았고, 입맛이 없어서가 36.1%로 그 다음 이유였으며, 비결식군은 입맛이 없어서가 40.5%, 시간이 없어서가 31.1%로 결식 여부에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 아침 식사의 종류는 밥과 국, 반찬을 포함한 한식이 결식군 81.7%, 비결식군 94.2%이었고, 빵, 시리얼, 우유, 주스 등은 결식군 16.3%, 비결식군 4.6%로 결식군이 비결식군에 비해 한식보다 빵, 시리얼, 우유, 주스 등을 아침 식사로 하는 비율이 높았다(p<0.01). 기상 시간(p<0.01)과 아침식사 시간(p<0.05)은 결식군이 비결식군에 비해 늦은 시간에 하는 학생들의 비율이 높았다. 간식 횟수는 결식군은 일주일에 3~4회가 52.4%로 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 일주일에 1~2회가 3 1.1%인 반면, 비결식군은 일주일에 1~2회가 46.5%로 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 일주일에 3~4회가 27.1%로 나타나 결식 여부에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 4. 8가지 항목으로 평가한 영양 태도 중 '항상 영양가가 있는 음식을 먹는 것에 관심이었다'(p<0.05)와 '건강하다면 영양에 대해 걱정할 필요가 없다고 생각한다'(p<0.05)는 질문의 평균 점수가 결식군이 비결식군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 총 영양 태도 점수도 결식군이 30.8점으로 비결식군 32.1점보다 유의하게 낮아(p<0.05) 결식군의 영양 태도가 비결식군보다 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 결식군과 비결식군의 1일 에너지 섭취량(p<0.01)은 각각 1,695.5 kcal, 1,849.3 kcal이었으며, 단백질 섭취량(p<0.01)은 결식군 70.8 g, 비결식군 82.3 g으로 비결식군에 비해 결식군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 동물성 단백질(p<0.01), 지질(p<0.05), 동물성 지질(p<0.05), 당질(p<0.05), 식이섬유(p<0.01), 회분(p<0.001), P(p<0.001), 동물성 Fe(p<0.001), Na(p<0.05), K(p<0.001), Zn(p<0.001), 비타민 $B_6$(P<0.05), 비타민 C(p<0.01), 엽산(p<0.05), 콜레스테롤(p<0.001)도 결식군이 비결식군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 영양 질적 지수는 결식군이 비결식군보다 단백질(p<0.01), Zn(p<0.01)이 유의하게 낮아 결식군은 비결식군에 비하여 질적으로 낮은 식사를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 결식 아동은 비결식 아동에 비해 영양 섭취가 낮고, 영양의 질이 떨어지는 식사를 하기 쉽고, 기상 시간, 아침 식사 시간, 군것질 횟수 등의 요인이 결식 여부에 따른 유의성을 보이고 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the nutrition education on preschool children's nutrition knowledge and behaviors. The study subjects were preschool children attending J kindergarten located in Wonju. Each of the control group and the education group consisted of 49 children and the education group was exposed to nutrition education while the control group did not. The nutrition education intervention lasted 9 weeks weekly basis. The t-test for the homogeneity of each group showed no meaningful difference at the beginning point of nutrition education. After nutrition education a test of nutrition knowledge using picture-questionnaire was carried out by the researcher for the subjects of education group and control group and the caretakers of the education group were offered self-administered questionnaire on the changes in children's dietary behaviors. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Nutrition education intervention showed a meaningful difference in children's understanding nutrition; the kinds and function of food, the relationship between food and body, the function of nutrients and enhanced their idea on hygiene compared to the control group (p < p.005). 2. However, nutrition education intervention made no statistically meaningful difference in children's dietary behaviors such as having breakfast, keeping balanced diet, washing hands before meals, saying "thanks" before and after meals, cleaning the table after meals, brushing teeth after meals and so on. Therefore, we found that it is hard to expect children to correct their dietary behaviors in such a short period of 9 weeks and nutrition education for preschool children should be offered to caretakers at the same time.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.654-663
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the lifestyles of food habits of college students relate to constipation. The results were as follows 1) All the total respondents were 541 college students.220 (40.8%) respondents were male and 321 (59.2%) respondents were female. Based on their BMIs, 55.5% of the female respondents were under-weight (BMI < 20), 16.8% of the male respondents were under-weight, as well. These results point out the fact that a high percentage of female college students are under-weight, compared to male of students. 2) Of the respondents, 59.0% reported having 1 or 2 meals per day, but their eating patterns were irregular. Of the respondents, 71.2% preferred white rice with their meals. Of the respondents,51.2% reported that they skipped breakfast. The main reasons why these respondents skipped breakfast were either that they were in a busy (44.7%), or it was their habit (38.4%). The response that their meals were nutritionally balanced was 34.6%, and the student who thought that their own meal pattern was healthful was 8.0%. 3) This research also focused on body image among female college students, and the results indicate that the majority of female respondents (62.5%) felt that they were overweight (very fatty or fatty) and 90.1% of the female respondents indicated they were interested in dieting (interest or very interest). Most of the students were involved in light or medium activity (94.2%) or no exercise (75.6%). The ratio of those who exercised was everyday only 33.6%.4) Of the respondents,48.7% reported that they had difficulty evacuating (every time very difficult, every time difficult and sometimes difficult) and 50.3% of the students reported that their bowel movements were irregular. 5) Of the females,8.2% and Of the males,0.5% were regarded as constipated.6) The life habit factors that influenced constipation were skipping breakfast, the amount of water intake and exercise.