• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

In order to efficiently analysis the stability of a slope, measuring the shear strength of soil is needed. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is not appropriate for a slope inspection due to cost and weights. One of the ways to effectively measure the N-value is the Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT). This study was performed to develop a minimized multi-function sensors that can easily estimate CPT values and Volumetric Water Content. N value with multi-fuction sensor DCPT showed -2.5 ~ +3.9% error compared with the SPT N value (reference value) in the field tests. Also, the developed multi-fuction sensor system was tested the correlation between the CPT test and the portable tester with indoor test. The test result showed 0.85 R2 value in soil, 0.83 in weathered soil, and 0.98 in mixed soil. As a result of the field test, the multi-function sensor shows the excellent field applicability of the proposed sensor system. After further research, it is expected that the portable multi-function sensor will be useful for general slope inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.472-477
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• 2011

The concentration of selenium in grain samples was determined using isotope dilution method in ORC-ICPMS. The experimental conditions were optimized to $H_2$ mode and the flow rate was $4.0\;mL\;min^{-1}$. ORC in $H_2$ mode proved to eliminate most of polyatomic interferences except $BrH^+$ when Br is present in sample matrix. Chemical removal of Br was very difficult and the mathematical correction was successfully employed. The fraction of $BrH^+$ generated from Br at the current experimental condition was 14.1%. The signal on m/z 82 was corrected and calculated for isotope dilution. The analytical reliability of the propose method was successfully evaluated by analyzing the certified standard reference material NIST SRM 1566 and 1567. The method was applied to real samples and the results are $0.034{\pm}0.001\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ for white rice, $0.059{\pm}0.002_5\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ for brown rice, $0.029{\pm}0.001_4\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ for black rice, and $0.034{\pm}0.002\;{\mu}g \;g^{-1}$ for barley. The detection limits ($3\sigma$) for Se was $0.012\;ng\;g^{-1}$.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1A
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• pp.105-113
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• 2008

Solar radiation induces non-uniform temperature distribution in the bridge structure depending on the shape of the structure and shadows cast on it. Especially in the case of curved steel box girder bridges, non-uniform temperature distribution caused by solar radiation may lead to unusual load effects enough to damage the support or even topple the whole curved bridge structure if not designed properly. At present, it is very difficult to design bridges in relation to solar radiation because it is not known exactly how varying temperature distribution affects bridges; at least not specific enough for adoption in design. Standard regulations related to this matter are likewise not complete. In this study, the thermal behavior of curved steel box girder bridges is analyzed while taking the solar radiation effect into consideration. For the analysis, a method of predicting the 3-dimensional temperature distribution of curved bridges was developed. It uses a theoretical solar radiation energy equation together with a commercial FEM program. The behavior of the curved steel box girder bridges was examined using the developed method, while taking into consideration the diverse range of bridge azimuth angles and radii. This study also provides reference data for the thermal design of curved steel box girder bridges under solar radiation, which can be used to develop design guidelines.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.717-723
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• 2014

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of p53 codon 72 polymorphism, dietary and tobacco habits with reference to risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India. A total of 105 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 age, sex and ethnicity matched healthy population controls were included in this study. Materials and Methods: The p53 codon 72 polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. H. pylori infection status was determined by ELISA. Information on various dietary and tobacco related habits was recorded with a standard questionnaire. Results: This study revealed that overall, the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.01-6.40) as compared to the Arg/Arg genotype. In gender stratified analysis, the Pro/Pro genotype showed higher risk (OR, 7.50; 95%CI, 1.20-47.0) than the Arg/Arg genotype among females. Similarly, the Pro/Pro genotype demonstrated higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 6.30; 95%CI, 1.41-28.2) among older people (>60 years). However, no such associations were observed in males and in individuals <60 years of age. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat (smoke dried/sun dried) consumers were at increased risk of stomach cancer (OR, 4.85; 95%CI, 1.91-12.3 and OR, 4.22; 95%CI, 1.46-12.2 respectively) as compared to non-consumers. Significant gene-environment interactions exist in terms of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and stomach cancer in Mizoram. Tobacco smokers with Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro genotypes were at higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 16.2; 95%CI, 1.72-153.4 and OR, 9.45; 95%CI, 1.09-81.7 respectively) than the non-smokers Arg/Arg genotype carriers. The combination of tuibur user and Arg/Pro genotype also demonstrated an elevated risk association (OR, 4.76; 95%CI, 1.40-16.21). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study revealed that p53 codon 72 polymorphism and dietary and tobacco habit interactions influence stomach cancer development in Mizoram, India.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

Lycopene, a carotenoid hydrocarbon is known to have effects on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Thus, a lot of supplementary foods with lycopene in several dosage forms like soft capsule filled with liquid and hard capsule filled with powder are available in a market. Recently, however, our research group found that the lycopene assay in Supplementary Food Code of South Korea is only valid for oily lycopene preparation. Thus, here, we developed a simple method to determine lycopene in solid preparations for Supplementary Food Code of South Korea using saponification and liquid chromatography with an absorbance detector. The method was validated following Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. All validation parameters observed in this study were within acceptable criteria of the guidelines (selectivity, linearity of r² ≥ 0.991, lower limit of quantification of 0.0149 mg/mL, accuracy as recovery (R) between 92.70 and 97.18 %, repeatability as relative standard deviation (RSD) values of R between 0.85 and 1.59 %, and reproducibility as the RSD value of interlaboratory R of 3.70 %). Additionally, the practical sample applicability of the validated method was confirmed by accuracy between 98.81 and 101.59 % observed from its lycopene certified reference material (CRM) analyses. Therefore, the present method could contribute to fortify the supplementary food safety management system in South Korea.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2004

Neutron induced prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy(NIPS) system measures the prompt gamma-ray emitting by the interaction of a neutron with various materials. This system will be of great benefit to scientists worldwide, since it provides the non-destructive measurement of many element in either solid or liquid wastes. In this study, the full-energy-peak (FEP) efficiency calibration for a HPGe detector was constructed in the ${\gamma}$-ray energy range from 80 keV to 8 MeV, using $^{l33}$Ba and >TEX>$^{152}Eu$ RI sources and $ ^{35}Cl(n, ${\gamma}$)^{36}Cl$ thermal neutron captured reaction. The FEP efficiency curve for the higher energies using the $^{35}Cl(n, ${\gamma}$)^{36}Cl$ reaction was normalized with the curve obtained from the RI sources, since the accurate activity of its prompt ${\gamma}$-ray is unknown. The average thermal neutron flux was theoretically calculated using the FEP efficiency curve for the KCl standard solutions. The NIPS system equipped with a ${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$ coincidence setup with two n-type coaxial HPGe detectors was considered in order to reduce the interfering ${\gamma}$-ray background. The FEP efficiency curve for the ${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$ coincidence system was also obtained for full energy range. The performance of the normal and coincidence NIPS system was tested by comparing signal-to-noise ratio in each mode using the reference sample.e.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

In an open environment such as Home Network, ZigBee Cluster comprising a plurality of Ato-cells is required to provide intense security over the movement of collected, measured data. Against this setting, various security issues are currently under discussion concerning master key control policies, Access Control List (ACL), and device sources, which all involve authentication between ZigBee devices. A variety of authentication methods including Hash Chain Method, token-key method, and public key infrastructure, have been previously studied, and some of them have been reflected in standard methods. In this context, this paper aims to explore whether a new method for searching for neighboring devices in order to detect device replications and Sybil attacks can be applied and extended to the field of security. The neighbor detection applied method is a method of authentication in which ACL information of new devices and that of neighbor devices are included and compared, using information on peripheral devices. Accordingly, this new method is designed to implement detection of malicious device attacks such as Sybil attacks and device replications as well as prevention of hacking. In addition, in reference to ITU-T SG17 and ZigBee Pro, the home network equipment, configured to classify the labels and rules into four categories including user's access rights, time, date, and day, is implemented. In closing, the results demonstrates that the proposed method performs significantly well compared to other existing methods in detecting malicious devices in terms of success rate and time taken.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

Video compression schemes have been developed and used for many years. Currently, H.264/AVC is the most efficient video coding standard. The H.264/AVC baseline profile adopts CAVLC(Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding) method as an entropy coding method. CAVLC gives better performance in compression ratios than conventional VLC(Variable Length Coding). However, because CAVLC decoder uses a lot of VLC tables, the CAVLC decoder requires a lot of area in terms of hardware. Conversely, since it must look up the VLC tables, it gives a worse performance in terms of software. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical grouping method for the VLC tables. We can obtain an index of codes in the reconstructed VLC tables by simple arithmetic operations. In this method, the VLC tables are accessed just once in decoding a symbol. We modeled the proposed algorithm in C language, compiled under ARM ADS1.2 and simulated it with Armulator. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces execution time by about 80% and 15% compared with the H.264/AVC reference program JM(Joint Model) 10.2 and the arithmetic operation algorithm which is recently proposed, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2016

Aquatic ecosystems are receiving various harmful effects due to anthropogenic chemical pollutions. To protect wildlife, risk assessments of the chemicals are conducted using reference indexes of toxicity estimated by species-level laboratory tests and/or micro-/mesocosm community-level studies. However, the existing micro-/mesocosm communities are structurally too complicated, and it is also difficult to compare the experimental results directly with those from species-level tests. Here, we developed a procedure of a simple bi-trophic microcosm experiment which contains the common species (a green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and a cladoceran, Daphnia magna) for testing chemical toxicities. For the proper operation of bitrophic microcosm experiment, the minimum required concentration of primary producer (P. subcapitata) is $5{\times}10^5cells\;mL^{-1}$. The microcosm system showed higher stability when the initially introduced D. magna population was composed of neonates (<24-h old) than adults and those mixture. This simple microcosm system would be an applicable tool to estimate the disturbing impacts of pollutants on plant-herbivore interactions, and linking the species- and population-/community level risk assessments in the future studies.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.275-297
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• 2013

Invention Teacher Education(ITE) is composed of Invention Contents Standards(ICS) and Invention Education Standards(IES). The purpose of this study is to developing ICS of ITE. To achieve the goal, we used the methods of research; analyzing advanced research, content analysis, development, survey, verify the validity. The research results of this study is summarized as follows. ICS is composed of 10 large areas; the concept and characteristic of invention, invention and society, invetion in living, creativity development, invention and design, invention and solving problem, convergence of knowledge and invention, invention project, intellectual properties and patent application, invention and management of technology. 10 large areas has 20 core contents and 90 subordinate elements. ICS will be based on the academic of developing programming besides it will be reference of standards in the case of progressing invention education.