• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1982

To determine the optimum light intensity for growth of ginseng plants, change of temperature, moisture content in son, occurrence alternaria blight, defoliation rate, chlorophyll contents, and growth of shoots and roots were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% light transmittance rare(L.T.R.). The results obtained were as follows. 1. Maximum temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity, whereas soil moisture content decreased 2. As the increase of light intensity, stem and Peduncle length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents decreased significantly but length and width of the leaf was not significant, while stem diameter, special leaf weight and chlorophyll a/chl. b ratio increased 3. Stem color was shown dark purp!e as the increase of light intensity. 4. Photosynthesis during the day was highest at 9 A.M. and decreased as time passed in all plots. The means of photouynthesis during the day showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for highest photosxthesis was 18.4% L.T.R. by theoritical equation. 5. It was showed a tendency that alternaria leaf blight of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity. 6. Defoliation rate of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity, especially all plants were defoliated by late June without shading. 7. Yield percentage of the rear line was increased as the increase of light intensity. Root weight per plant showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for the best yield was 18.5% L.T.R. by theeritical equation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1996

Order of stress singularities at bonded Edge Corners with two or three dissimilar isotropic Materials is analyzed. The problem is formulated by Mellin transform and characteristic equation is obtained as a determinant of matrix considering boundary conditions. Roots of characterictic equation are determinde by numerical calculations with ward method, from which the order of stress sigularities is obtained. Applying the results to the electronic packaging, the order of stress singularities is obtained. Applying the results to the electronic packaging, the order of stress singularities at bounded edge corners is calculated as a various bouned edge angle with given material combinations. Comparing the results, the optimal material combinaitons of bounded edge corners and bouned edge angle to reduce stress singularity could be determined. It suggests that the results are used to the basic design of electronic packaging reducing the stress singularity.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2013

The nacelle anemometer mounted behind the blade roots of a wind turbine measures distorted wind speed comparable with free-stream wind because of the wake effects caused dependent upon the operation of the wind turbine and the rotation of its blades. The field campaign was carried out to measure free-stream wind speed at a height identical to the height of the nacelle anemometer by deploying a ground-based remote-sensing equipment, LIDAR. It is derived that a third-order polynomial equation for correcting wind speed measured by the nacelle anemometer to undistorted free-stream wind speed incident to a wind turbine. It is anticipated that the derived correction equation enables wind speed measured by the nacelle anemometer to be used as a precise input for a wind turbine performance test and for developing an active control logic.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2011

A CFD analysis method is developed and applied for investigating the gas flow and the byproduct particle trajectory in Roots type vacuum pump. The internal fluid flow and thermal fields between the rotors and the housing of vacuum pump are analyzed by using the dynamic mesh, the numerical methods for unsteady 2-D Navier-Stokes equation and the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model of the Fluent code. Coupled with the flow simulation results, the particle trajectory of the byproduct flowing into the pump with gas stream is analyzed by using discrete phase modeling technique. The CFD analysis results show the pressure, the velocity and the temperature distributions in pump change abruptly due to the rotation of rotors, and back flows are produced due to the strong reverse pressure gradients at rotor/rotor and rotor/housing clearances. The predicted byproduct particle trajectory results also show the particles impinge on the clearance surfaces between the housing and the rotor of pump and then may form the deposit layer causing the failure of pump.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 선형 위상 배열 안테나 패턴 합성 문제에서, 주 빔 패턴 양쪽에 임의로 설정한 비대칭 sidelobe 레벨(SLL)들을 만족시키는 안테나 소자 가중치들을 계산하는 방법을 새로이 제안한다. 소자 가중치들을 배열인자로부터 직접 최적화하는 기존의 방법들과는 달리, 이 방법은 배열 인자를 표현하는 Schelkunoff 다항식에 내재된 복소근의 최적 섭동에 기본을 둔다. 제안한 방법으로부터 여러 개의 jammer들의 방향으로 다중 nulling도 가능하며, 이는 각 jamming 방향에 대응하는 복소근들만의 독립적인 섭동에 의해 이루어진다. 따라서 해 공간차원의 적절한 감소에 의해 수치적 절차가 간소화될 수 있다. 또한 배열 소자들의 복소 가중치들은 최적 섭동된 복소근들을 Schelkunoff 다항식에 대입함으로써 쉽게 계산된다. 몇 가지 예를 들어 검토하고, 도출된 가중치들을 배열 인자 방정식에 대입함으로써 타당성을 수치적으로 검증한다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2016

얕은 토층의 무한사면 파괴가 예상되는 지역에서 안전율 계산에 영향을 주는 지역적 특징인 뿌리점착력을 고려하지 않은 무한사면 안전율은 뿌리점착력을 적용한 무한사면 안전율 보다 낮은 수치로 해석되는 경향이 있다. 따라서 합리적인 무한사면의 안전율을 계산하기 위하여 지역적 특징을 반영한 안전율 해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수목의 뿌리와 수관밀도가 무한사면의 안전율에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 기존 무한사면 안정해석 방법에 수관밀도를 고려한 뿌리 점착력 이론을 적용하여 안전율의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 해석결과 뿌리점착력의 효과로 인하여 안전율이 증가하지만, 사면의 경사에 따라서 안전율의 증가량이 다른 것으로 분석 되었으며, 뿌리점착력의 보강 효과는 완만한 경사의 사면일수록 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.608-616
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• 2018

일반적으로 비선형 시스템은 1차와 2차 시스템의 곱의 형태로 선형화되며, 시스템의 근은 1차 시스템의 근과 2차 시스템의 중근, 서로 다른 두 실근, 복소근으로 구성된다. 그리고 LQ(Linear Quadratic) 제어는 성능지수함수를 최소화하는 제어법칙을 설계하는 방법으로 시스템의 안정성을 보장하는 장점과 가중행렬 조정으로 시스템의 근의 위치를 조정하는 극배치 기능이 있다. 가중행렬에 의해 LQ 제어는 시스템의 근의 위치를 임의로 이동시킬 수 있지만 시행착오 방법으로 가중행렬을 설정하는 어려움이 있다. 이것은 해밀토니안(Hamiltonian) 시스템의 특성방정식을 이용하여 해결 할 수 있다. 또한 제어가중행렬이 상수의 대칭행렬이면 제어법칙을 반복적으로 적용하여 시스템의 여러 근을 원하는 폐루프 근으로 이동시킬 수 있다. 이 논문은 해밀토니안 시스템의 특성방정식을 이용하여 조단 블록을 갖는 시스템의 중근을 두 실근으로 이동시키는 상태가중행렬과 제어법칙을 계산하는 방법을 제시한다. 삼각함수로 표현된 상태가중행렬로 해밀토니안 시스템의 특성방정식을 구한다. 그리고 이동된 두 실근이 특성방정식의 근이라는 조건에서 중근과 상태가중행렬의 관계식(${\rho},\;{\theta}$)을 유도한다. 상태가중행렬이 양의 반한정행렬이 될 조건에서 중근의 이동범위를 구한다. 그리하여 이동범위에서 선택한 두 실근을 관계식에 대입하여 상태가중행렬과 제어법칙을 계산한다. 제안한 방법을 간단한 3차 시스템의 예제에 적용해본다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.443-459
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• 2022

The paper studies the dispersion and attenuation of propagating waves in the "plate+compressible viscous fluid layer" system in the case where the fluid layer flow is restricted with a rigid wall, and in the case where the fluid layer has a free face. The motion of the plate is described by the exact equations of elastodynamics and the flow of the fluid by the linearized Navier-Stokes equations for compressible barotropic Newtonian viscous fluids. Analytical expressions are obtained for the amplitudes of the sought values, and the dispersion equation is derived using the corresponding boundary and compatibility conditions. To find the complex roots of the dispersion equation, an algorithm based on equating the modulus of the dispersion determinant to zero is developed. Numerical results on the dispersion and attenuation curves for various pairs of plate and fluid materials under different fluid layer face conditions are presented and discussed. Corresponding conclusions on the influence of the problem parameters on the dispersion and attenuation curves are made and, in particular, it is established that the change of the free face boundary condition with the impermeability condition can influence the dispersion and attenuation curves not only in the quantitative, but also in the qualitative sense.

• 소음진동
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.607-616
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• 1996

A combined computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-Kirchhoff method is presented for predicting high-speed impulsive noise generated by a hovering blade. Two types of Kirchhoff integral formula are used; one for the classical linear Kirchhoff formulation and the other for the nonlinear Kirchhoff formulation. An Euler finite difference solver is solved first to obtain the flow field close to the blade, and then this flow field is used as an input to a Kirchhoff formulation to predict the acoustic far-field. These formulas are used at Mach numbers of 0.90 and 0.95 to investigate the effectiveness of the linear and nonlinear Kirchhoff formulas for delocalized flow. During these calculiations, the retarded time equation is also carefully examined, in particular, for the cases of the control surface located outside of the sonic cylinder, where multiple roots are obtained. Predicted results of acoustic far-field pressure with the linear Kirchhoff formulation agree well with experimental data when the control surface is at the certain location(R=1.46), but the correlation is getting worse before or after this specific location of the control surface due to the delocalized nonlinear aerodynamic flow field. Calculations based on the nonlinear Kirchhoff equation using a linear sonic cylinder as a control surface show a reasonable agreement with experimental data in negative amplitudes for both tip Mach numbers of 0.90 and 0.95, except some computational integration problems over a shock. This concliudes that a nonlinear formulation is necessary if the control surface is close to the blade and the flow is delocalized.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.822-829
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• 2015

A transfer matrix method has been developed to determine the more accurate natural frequencies for the bending vibration of Bernoulli-Euler beam with linearly reduced width and a concentrated tip mass. The proposed method can be computed an infinite number of the natural frequencies using a single element. Using the differential equation, shear force, and bending moment in which can be deduced by the diverse variational principles, a transfer matrix is formulated. The roots of the differential equation are computed by the Frobenius method. The effect of the concentrated mass for the natural frequencies of width-tapered beams is examined through a parametric study, and to show the accuracy of the proposed method, the computed results compared with those obtained from commercial finite element analysis program(ANSYS).