• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 1993

The primary purpose of this study was to develop an educational tool that can be used in teaching young children about different types of sex roles. The secondary purpose was to observe and analyze the effects of watching different sex role video programs on preschool children's sex role stereotypes and to determine the lasting effects. The subjects of this study were 89 six year-old kindergarten children, forty five were girls and forty-four boys. Each child was interviewed individually and tested at three different points in time: 1 week before the treatment, immediately after the treatment, and 4 weeks after the treatment. Three different statistical procedures were used in analyzing the data: ANOVAs for sex differences in sex role stereotypes. ANCOVAs for the different effects of traditional sex role programs and reversed sex-typed sex role programs, and ANCOVAs and Lindquist type III ANOVAs for the lasting effects of the treatment. The findings of the study indicated that (1) the children showed sex differences in the scores of sex role stereotypes of own, opposite sex and child activity; (2) there were differences in the scores of sex role stereotypes in terms of own and opposite sex. That is, viewing the reversed sex-typed programs caused a decrease in children's sex role stereotypes; and (3) the traditional and reversed sex-typed sex role programs tested four weeks after treatment showed significant lasting effects of sex role stereotypes in terms of opposite, composite and adult activity. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the sex stereotypes of kindergarten children can be changed through sex role VTR programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.741-750
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop a role conflict scale for nurses in hospitals. The process of study was as follows. The first step was the study of selected literature on role conflict in general and to translate into Korean language the role conflict and ambiguity scale developed by House. From this process, a scale for role conflict inventory-general was made by consulting with two professors majored in educational evaluation and one professor who is an authory on educational administration. In the second step, 24 clinical nurses were asked to describe the situations having job-related role conflict. In the third step, the role conflict inventory-specific was derived from the role conflict inventory -general, and data selected from the step two. The confidence and clarity of this role conflict inventory-specific was strengthed by consulting one clinical psychologist, two professors of nursing college and ten doctoral students of nursing. With this tool being tested, the results are summarized as follows. 1. Reliability Internal consistency reliability was tested by cronbach alpha, corrected item total correlation and correlation matrix. The cronbach alpha level was .94 and one item among 37 items was below .35 and the rest items were .42 above in the corrected item total correlation. There was no negative correlation in the correlation matrix. 2. Construct validity In the construct validity test, four factors have an eigen value 1.0 over, Factor 1 represented role ambiguity, composed of 15 items with .90 reliability level. Factor 2 represented deficiency of ability and skill, composed of 11 items with .90 of reliability level. Factor 3 represented working environment, composed of 6 items with .85 of reliability level. Final factor represented deficiency of job-related collaboration, composed of 5 items with .69 reliability level. These results contribute to measuring the level of role conflict for nurses, and to the managment of the nurses' role conflict.

• 모자간호학회지
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 1994

Concept analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects the theoretical base of the concept. The concept of maternal role is too broad and variable in expression, therefore there has been no authentic definition nor standard opinion for this concept. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of maternal role which in turn will help in the development of a theory of maternal role attainment. In order to analyze the concept of maternal role, much effort was extended to look up "maternal role" in various dictionaries and literature, but only a few cases were found which listed this terminology. Consultation on the meaning of "mother" and "role" separately was then done and consequently a definition of "maternal role" was obtained through concept analysis of these two words independently, finding their attributes and unifying them. The attributes of the concept of maternal role which was analyzed based on the steps of concept analysis by Walker & Avant (1988) are : 1) Women who have pregnancies 2) Women who have a child 3) Women who rear a child 4) Expected behavior according to social status 5) Learning through social cultures 6) Social interrelationships. The antecedents of the maternal role are : 1) women who are pregnant and deliver a baby, must keep in contact with their child. 2) Circumstances for childrearing must be provided. 3) Formation of self-concept as mother should be developed, cognitive activity, which is necessary for the nurturing activity, financial support and preparation of childrearing should be provided. And the consequences of the maternal role are : 1) Improvement 2) Changeability 3) Ambiguity 4) Stability Through this concept analysis, the concept of the maternal role is defined as "expected behavior by social interrelationships and learned nurturing behavior through social cultures."

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes of students in dental hygiene and to provide basic data to expand social awareness of equal gender sensitivity and gender role in dental hygiene and students by identifying the degree of correlation. Methods: The purpose of this study was to study dental hygiene students at colleges in Gyeonggi and Chungcheong areas. The survey was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2021. The final sample was analyzed on 157 subjects. T-test and ANOVA analysis were performed to compare gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes according to general characteristics. Equal variances were tested using the Levene statistic, and significant differences between groups were identified through Scheffe's post hoc analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to confirm the correlation between gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes. Results: Gender sensitivity was 2.69 and gender role stereotypes were 1.83. Among the sub-areas of gender sensitivity, gender role openness was the highest at 2.86, and non-violence was the lowest at 2.50. As for gender role stereotypes, social stereotypes were the highest among sub-areas at 1.71. Among the general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference in gender sensitivity according to the presence or absence of opposite sex friends (p=0.011). The gender identity openness of gender sensitivity and the physical sub-areas of gender role stereotypes showed the highest positive correlation(r=0.955). Among the sub-areas of gender sensitivity, gender role openness and domestic stereotypes showed the lowest negative correlation (r=-0.404) among the sub-areas of gender role stereotypes. Conclusion: Dental hygiene students should be able to critically analyze and solve problems of not only sexual violence but also gender discrimination and imbalance in social life. For this, environmental factors such as school education and professor guidance must be strengthened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.38
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sex Role attitude and childrens clothing behavior for senior childhood years upon two regions-city of Wonju and Mokpo-The questionnaires were administered to 315 elementary school children in Mokpo and 268 in Wonju. This data was analyze ststistically using to pearson's correlation, ANOVA (one-way or two-way) and Multiple Classification Analyze. The major findings of this research can be summarize as followings: 1. There are significant relationships between the unisex clothing behavior and the sex role attitude subscales. Liberal attitude toward sex role were positively related to unisex clothing behavior for senior childhood years children. 2. There are significant positive correlationships between the attitude of solving problem and comfort, autonomy, linterest and management. 3. The Sex and Grade have significants effect on the sex role attitude in two regios. Girls exhibited higher liberal attitudes toward sex role than boys. 4. The Sex have significant effects on clothing behavior and Grade have partially significant effect on clothing behavior. 5. The equality of the sexes attitude is significant relationships among the sex role attitude subscales except attitude of solving problems. There are significant inter relationships between the family role, occupation role and play role among the sex role subscales. 6. There are significant positive correlations between the unisex clothing behavior and conformity. And significant negative correlations between comfort and the unisex clothing behavior. Comfort is related to autonomy and management. Management is related to auton-omy and interest. 7. There are significant differences in sex role attitude according to two regions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.475-487
• /
• 2024

As today's "ninth art", role-playing games recognized by most players due to their surreal themes and sustained reflection on social diseases. Through precise control of story-telling and game visuals, players develop an avatar identification during role-playing game. Based on Lacan's mirror stage theory, a new self-identity mechanism is established under the guidance of role-playing games. As a "player", the subject's interpretation of himself is shifted by the game order, and the subject identifies with the role-playing game while at the same time being structured by the desire of role-playing game. The immersive experience and emotional guidance of role-playing games all point to the most instinctive human desires. The psychoanalytic theory from Lacan's perspective explains the source of players' desire, and the expression of players' desire in the game. It also plays an important role in the emotional rendering and identity aspects of role-playing games. This paper is to establish that role-playing games do have an impact on the player's self-identity through a Lacanian psychoanalytic reading of role-playing games.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions. (1) Is there any relationship between father's child-rearing behavior and children's role-taking, between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's prosocial behavior?(2) Is there any relationship between children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior? (3) Is there any differences in father's child-rearing behaviors, children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior in relation to children's sex, SES, and mother's job? (4) what are the most important predictor variables which influence on children's role-taking? (5) What are the most important predictor variables which influence on children's prosocial behavior? The subjects of this study were 72boys and 70girls attending the nursery schools and their mothers in Busan. For the measurement of father's child-rearing behaviors, Choi's(1991) questionnare were used and for children's role-taking, children were interviewed with the Flavell's apple-dog stories. children's prosocial behavior was measured by amount of candies to share with classmates. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant correlation between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's role-taking, between father's was positively related to children's prosocial behavior. (2) Children's role-taking was positively related to children's prosocial behavior. (3) There were significant differences in father's child-rearing behaviors, children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior according to children's sex, SES, and mother's job. (4) Father's child-rearing behaviors and SES were the most important predictor variables influencing on children's role-taking. (5) Children's sex, children's role-taking and father's childrearing behaviors were the most important predictor variables influencing on children's prosocial behavior. The findings stated above seemed father's child-rearing behaviors and children's role-taking, influenced on children's prosocial behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.30-43
• /
• 1985

Liver cirrhosis is the common cause of death in Korea today. But, if liver cirrhosis Patients were treated in the early stage of the disease Process, they can have a chance to carry their daily lives with prescribed medical and nursing regimens. Each patient has different health beliefs that there is a different Sick Role Behavior in the process of treatment. In order to increase and control the desired patient's Sick Role Behavior, it is important for nurses to understand the health beliefs influencing Sick Role Behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing Sick Role Behavior and provide objective and scientific data to health education, treatment and nursing care. The subjects for this study were 80 Liver Cirrhosis patients selected from in and out patients of the medical department of four University Hospitals in Seoul, Won Joo and Mok Po city. Data was collected from Sep. 18, to Oct. 15, 1984. The measurement tool was the questionaire that developed by the investigator from the literature review based on Health Belief Model. The data Collection was done by interview. Analysis of data was done by use Mean, S.D., ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The result of study were as follows: 1. The significant influencing variables on the Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior in general characteristics were Sex, Marital Status, Educational levels, Family's income and Duration after diagnosis. 2. Between the Sick Role Behavior and Health Belief Model, a) The first hypothesis that the stronger degree of Health Motivation, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Hole Behavior was supported (r=0.7892, p=0.0000). b) The second hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived susceptibility, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.6383, p=0.0000) c) The third hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived severity, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.5869, p=0.0000). d) The fourth hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived benefit, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7535, p=0.0000). e) The fifth hypothesis that the lower degree of perceived barrier, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported(r=-9.7709, p=0.0000) f) The sixth hypothesis that the higher degree of knowledge in Disease, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patients'lck Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7538, p=0.0000), g) In the correlation among variables, it was found positive correlation except that perceived barrier was negatively correlated. In the Stepwise Multiple Regression and Independent Variables, the factor“Health Motivation”could account for Sick Role Behavior in 62.28% of the Sample (F=128. 786, p<0.01). When the factor“perceived barrier”is added to this, it account for 70.38% of Sick Role Behavior (F=93.479, p <0.01) and the factor“knowledge in disease”is also included, it account for 74.78% of Sick Role Behavior (F=75.131, p <0.01). Finally, when the factor“perceived susceptibility”is included, it account for 75.03% of Sick Role Behavior (F=56.329, p <0.01).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2008

Many approaches exist for studying travel service quality, employee's satisfaction, and traveler' satisfaction. Although tour conductor play an important role in travel service, there is a lack of research on how to conceptualize and measure tour conductor's role, role stress and service delivery level. So this paper presents a conceptual framework and research approach for examining the role conflict, ambiguity, overload, and service delivery level of tour conductor in group package and the impacts of role stress on service delivery level. Results indicate that there are significant affection on service delivery level of TC among the role conflict, ambiguity, and overload. For the most part, the role conflict and ambiguity more impacted on responsibility and empathy with service encounter, the role overload affected on professional and tangibles. In conclusion, the studies reported here highlight the importance of individual effort as well as organizational police in reducing strain and improving service delivery level.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the subjects, situations, and reflection levels related to role modeling experienced by medical students during their clinical clerkship and their own reflections. This study intends to suggest ways of improving how residents and clinical faculty should treat and teach medical students. Written interviews were conducted regarding senior medical students' role modeling experiences during their clinical clerkships in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis was conducted for a total of 224 cases from 196 students. Content analysis revealed three types of role modeling content: subjects (faculty, residents, nurses, peer students), situations (clinical competence, personal qualities, teaching skills), and the level of reflection (critical reflection, reflection, thoughtful action, and habitual action) in each case. As role model subjects, faculty were found to be the paramount role model (n=142, 62.83%). Role modeling was the most frequently performed for clinical competence (n=103, 45.98%). Clinical competence was frequently shown in communication and empathic listening during rounds and outpatient relationships between the patient and doctor. Regarding the level of reflection for role modeling, the number of critical reflections was 86 (38.39%) and that of reflections was 80 (35.71%). In particular, negative role modeling showed a high level of critical reflection in relation to faculty (64.44%) and nurses (8.89%). In conclusion, role modeling of medical students participating in clinical clerkships occurs in situations that the role models are not aware of, with positive or negative effects on the formation of professional identity among medical students.