• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1998

An image analysis program with the function of measuring various quantitative characteristics in the transverse surface of wood was developed using Delphi 2.0. Data on pore characteristics (conditions for image processing, proportion of pores in relationship to other elements, tangential diameter, area, tangential and radial diameter, x and y coordinates of pore center, and geometric coefficients) were saved in text file format. In addition, the pore area histogram in the tangential and radial directions was saved as a BMP (bitmap) type file. Analyses indicated that quantitative characteristics such as the relative radial distribution of pores in a growth ring, pore tangential area histogram, and proportion of pore in lumen area appear to be useful in separating four diffuse-porous woods and four ring-porous woods on the species level.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3001-3004
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• 2014

A series of hydroxyl-derivatized quaternized polymers were successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes (click chemistry), followed by quaternization reactions. ATRP was employed to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), followed by introduction of alkyne groups using pentynoic acid, leading to HEMA-Alkyne. 2-Azido-1-ethanol and 3-azido-1-propanol were combined with the HEMA-Alkyne backbone via click reaction, resulting in triazole-ring containing hydroxyl-derivatized polymers. Quaternization reactions with methyl iodide were conducted on the triazole ring of each polymer. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and the degree of quaternization (DQ) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular weight ($M_n$) of the resulting polymers ranged from $5.9{\times}10^4$ to $1.05{\times}10^5g/mol$ depending on the molecular architecture. The molecular weight distribution was low ($M_w/M_n$ = 1.26-1.38). The transmission spectra of the 0.1 wt % aqueous solutions of the resulting quaternized polymers at 650 nm were measured as a function of temperature. Results showed that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) could be finely controlled by the level of DQ.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

This paper describes the theoretical analysis of a diffraction pattern analyzer for the characterization of microscale object fields and a method for obtaining size and size distribution from the measured diffraction pattern of the object fields. For the experimental verification, a typical optical Fourier transform system was set up and calibrated with 2 5$\mu \textrm m$ and 50$\mu \textrm m$ pinholes. The system responses to distilled water droplets, alcohol, glycerin and silicon oil were imaged with vidicon, and the image was processed to determine the size distribution of each liquid particle field. The energy distribution function which is defined as the total intensity of a circular ring in the diffraction pattern was used to determine the dominant particle size of each liquid particle field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2013

The novel BrRZFPs genes encoding C3HC4-type RING zinc finger protein were identified from FOX (full length cDNA over-expressing) library of Brassica rapa. Ten full-length cDNAs obtained from the library encode zinc-finger protein containing 346 amino acids, designated BrRZFPs. These genes were classified into four groups by phylogenic analysis showing conserved protein sequences at both termini. The tissue distribution of BrRZFPs transcription was examined by qRT-PCR revealing ubiquitous expression pattern. However, each gene was strongly expressed in the specific tissue. Transcriptional analysis showed that those acquired 10 genes were inducible under abiotic stresses. Likewise, the transcript of BrRZFP3 was strongly induced (~12-folds) by exogenous abscisic acid, whereas the transcripts of BrRZFP1, BrRZFP2 and BrRZFP3 were (> 9-folds) induced by cold. We suggest that these BrRZFPs that function as signal or response to abiotic stress are useful for crop improvement.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 1990

A numerical solution method of the boundary integral equation for axisymmetric potential flows is presented. Those are represented by ring source and ring vorticity distribution. Strengths of ring source and ring vorticity are approximated by linear functions of a parameter $\zeta$ on a segment. The geometry of the body is represented by a cubic B-spline. Limiting integral expressions as the field point tends to the surface having ring source and ring vorticity distribution are derived upto the order of ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$. In numerical calculations, the principal value integrals over the adjacent segments cancel each other exactly. Thus the singular part proportional to $\(\frac{1}{\zeta}\)$ can be subtracted off in the calculation of the induced velocity by singularities. And the terms proportional to $ln{\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ can be integrated analytically. Thus those are subtracted off in the numerical calculations and the numerical value obtained from the analytic integrations for $ln{\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ are added to the induced velocity. The four point Gaussian Quadrature formula was used to evaluate the higher order terms than ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ in the integration over the adjacent segments to the field points and the integral over the segments off the field points. The root mean square errors, $E_2$, are examined as a function of the number of nodes to determine convergence rates. The convergence rate of this method approaches 2.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.489-489
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• 2012

The vibrational distribution of $N_2$ (B, v') in after-glows in $N_2$ RF flowing plasma was investigated. The optical emission of the after-glow was studied as function of distance from plasma. In a tube 2.1 cm, the gas pressure varied 8 Torr with 1000sccm nitrogen gas flowing late.. The discharges were excited by two ring-electrode powered by RF 13.56 MHz 100 Watt. $N_2$ (B, v') vibrational distribution was analyzed to see depends of position in after-glow. Dissociation rate of $N_2$ varied showing maximum in the late after-glow region. We studied $N_2$ RF capacitive flowing plasmas and afterglows by emission spectroscopy and by NO titration to determine the density of N-atoms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2009

Two fluoro-substituted 2-pyrazoline derivatives, 1-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (1) and 1-phenyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-pyrazoline (2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. For the two compounds, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structures and natural population atomic charge analysis (NPA) have been performed at B3LYP/6-311G** level of theory. By using TD-DFT method, electron spectra of 1 and 2 have been predicted, which are very approximate with the experimental ones. Comparative studies on 1 and 2 indicate that the location change of fluorine atom in 5-position phenyl ring of 2-pyrazoline does not make significant change of geometries and electronic transition bands, but it leads to evident change of atomic charge distributions and peak intensities of UV and fluorescence spectra.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1993

A finite element analysis and Monte Carlo method have been applied to calculate the ppressure pprofiles around the ppohang Light Source (ppLS) electron storage ring with the aim of ppredicting the pperformance of the vacuum system designed for the ppLS vacuum system. After ppropperly choosing the design pparameters, the ppressure distribution are calculated as a function of the integrated stored beam current [AmppHrs]. The effect of changes of the vacuum pparameters, such as installed ppumpping sppeeds and synchrotron radiation induced gas desorpption rates on the ppressure pprofile, is also studied. The results indicate that the use of lumpped non-evapporable getter ppumpps together with spputter ion ppumpps for ppumpping the ppLS down to the required ppressure is ppossible in the ppresence of synchrotron induced gas loads, after resonable beam cleaning time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

An upper-bound elemental technique (UBET) analysis is carried out to improve the material flow and to reduce the load of bearing-race forming process. The UBET analysis, which adapts the advantages of stream function and finite element method, is useful for predicting the profile of complex geometric bound- ary. From the UBET analysis, the forming load, the velocity distribution and the stream line of the deformed billet are determined by minimizing the total power consumption with respect to chosen parameters. The results of present UBET analysis are better than those of previous UBET analysis. Experiments have been carried out with model material plasticine billets at room temperature. The theoretical predictions for forming load and flow pattern(stream line) are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.75.2-75.2
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• 2010

We have studied the statistical properties of turbulence in molecular clouds identified in the Boston University - Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (BU-FCRAO) Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). Toward this end, the probability density function (PDF) and velocity distribution were measured for about 50 molecular clouds. We found there exists a good correlation between the PDF width and the velocity dispersion for these molecular clouds. In order to investigate how general properties of astrophysical turbulence depends on the plasma parameters such as magnetic field strength and sonic Mach number, we performed three-dimensional MHD simulations. We then examined if the observed characteristics of interstellar turbulence are consistent with theoretical results from MHD simulations.