• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.239-253
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• 2021

This study investigates the metabolomic changes in breast and thigh meat from Cobb and Ross 308 chickens regarding the rearing environment. One-day-old Cobb and Ross broilers were raised for 35 days in conventional and animal welfare farms with, amongst others, different floor sizes, stock densities, and ammonia concentrations. One-dimensional ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway analyses were performed to analyze the metabolomic properties of broiler meat. For breast meat, only those from the Ross strain could be separated according to the environment in the OPLS-DA plot. Ross breast meat from animal welfare farms showed significantly higher acetate, anserine, creatine, and inosine monophosphate content than those from conventional farms (P<0.05). In contrast, for thigh meat, the Cobb strain was differentiated using OPLS-DA. The contents of five metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, were higher in thigh meat from animal welfare farms; however, nine metabolites, including seven free amino acids, were lower compared to those from conventional farms (P<0.05). Pathway analysis was performed to interpret the biological changes in chicken meat based on environmental factors. The results indicated that the animal welfare environment led to significant changes in four metabolic pathways in Ross breast meat and in 20 metabolic pathways in Cobb thigh meat (P<0.05). In conclusion, the animal welfare environment could influence the metabolomic properties of Ross breast meat and Cobb thigh meat, which may affect the sensory quality of meat.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.903-907
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• 2014

For the selection of a starter for vinegar, six strains of acetic-acid bacteria were isolated from traditional Korean vinegar fermented through the static method. These strains were investigated for their acetic-acid fermentation and identification characteristics. The 16S rRNA sequences of six strains were identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus, A. malorum, Gluconacetobacter entanii, Ga. intermedius, and Ga. xylinus respectively. The overoxidation of acetic acid, acetic-acid and pH tolerances, and acetic-acid production of these strains were investigated. None seemed to have been overoxidized. The Gluconacetobacter genus showed acetic-acid tolerance. Among the acetic-acid bacteria, A. malorum V5-7 exhibited the highest pH tolerance. The Ga. intermedius V11-5 and Ga. xylinus V8-1 strains produced colloids that exopolysaccharides of fiber. The acetic-acid production by isolated acetic-acid bacteria and type strain was a achieved at a shaking culture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. A. malorum V5-7, A. pasteurianus Gam2, and Ga. intermedius V11-5 exhibited the highest acetic acid production. The study results indicate that appropriate strains of acetic-acid bacteria improved the thraditional Korean vinegar fermented through the static method.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-57
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• 1995

An efficient and accurate scheme has been constructed by taking advantages of the hi-quadratic spline scheme and the higher-order boundary element method selectively depending on computation domains. Boundary surfaces are represented by 8-node boundary elements to describe curved surfaces of a ship and its neighboring free surface more accurately. The variation of the velocity potential complies with the characteristics of the 8-node element on the body surface. But on the free surface, it is assumed to follow that of the hi-quadratic spline scheme. By which, the free surface solution is free from numerical damping and has better numerical dispersion property. As numerical examples, steady and unsteady Neumann-Kelvin problems are considered. Numerical results for a submerged spheroid, Series 60($C_B=0.6$) and a modified support the proposed method. Finally, a new upstream radiation condition is derived using a wave equation operator in order to deal with problems for subcritical reduced frequency. The relevance of this operator has been confirmed in the case of unsteady Kelvin source potential.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 1991

Carboxymethyl chitin(CM-chitin) was prepared by the reaction of alkali chitin with monochloroacetic acid in isopropyl alcohol. According to the pH variation, the adsorptivity of this chelating polymer to the alkali-earth metal ions such as $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$ ions was determined by batch method. The adsorption tendency of this chelating polymer to most metal ions was increased with the increase of pH. The highest degree of adsorption was observed toward $Ca^{2+}$ ion among the alkali-earth metal ions. The selectivity adsorption property toward $Ca^{2+}$ ion was examined in the solution of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions, and it was observed that CM-chitin showed excellent selectivity to $Ca^{2+}$ ion than $Mg^{2+}$ ion. $Mg^{2+}$ ion bound to CM-chitin molecule in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ ion owing to low equilibrium constant. In the adsorption experiment of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions to the CM-chitin under coexistence of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions, it observed that adsorptivity of only $Ca^{2+}$ ions was not affected by these monovalent cations.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2007

The importance of secondary battery industry is getting excited according to the development of battery industry as a high efficiency energy supplier of electronic machine of mobile information such as mobile phone, lap-top computer, PDA. It is rasing the interest about security of safety and high efficiency of cathode material for main part of secondary lithium battery. The cathode material which has been used like $LiCoO_2,\;LiMn_2O_4,\;LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO_2,\;LiNi_xCo_yM_zO_2$ (M=Al, Zr, Mg etc.,) the most typical material is $LiCoO_2$. But it is studying the development of substitute such as efficiency amelioration of $LiCoO_2$, thetiary element, olivine element because of the capacity of $LiCoO_2$, the matter of security; especially the betterment of efficiency, security research of safety has been actively processed in domestic and overseas about surface coating treatment of active cathode which is using oxide ($M_xO_3$). This study analyses side effect of battery according to increase of surface treatment, formation of precipitation for reagent condensation, non-reagent residue of oxide ($M_xO_3$) which is remains during the surface treatment of $LiCoO_2$; conducts study of new process, the consideration of the electrochemical property to improve oxide solution of mixing rate, mixture of surface treatment, dryness, calcinations conditionetc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.287-287
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate difference of quality properties of between fresh cooked rice and re-heated cooked rice after retrogradation. Nine rice varieties raised by NICS were compared the properties of physicochemical, texture, sensory evaluation, toyo glossiness value, pasting properties. Among nine rice cultivars, the changes of weight and length-width ratio of after soaking as well as cooking showed how water absorbed in each rice granule. The amount of water absorption after soaking was highest in Wolback (semi-waxy), Hiami and lowest in Samgwang, Seonpum, Ilpum. After cooking, the amount of water absorption was high in Dasan 1 and Andabyeo, however low in Ilpum. In the length-width ratio after soaking, Wolback (semi-waxy cultivar) and Anda (indica cultivar) increase their volume relatively as their shape are while others increased more in length than width. Among cooked rice, the highest value of length-width ratio shows in Anda, Dasan1, Hiami and Seonpum, the Wolbak was similar to that of non-glutinous rice. After cooking, the others stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours for retrogradation (imitated at convenience store). Then re-heated using by microwave. Pasting properties were considerably affected by storage temperature and periods of rice. The setback showed in the following order: Wolback (-92.25 RVU, the lowest retrogradation) < Seonpum (-35.20) < Chindle (-22.08) < Jungsanggold (-21.98). Toyo glossiness value of cooked rice showed in the following order: Chindle (82.40) > Samgwang (79.43) > Hiami (79.23). Sensory evaluation of re-heated rice of Jungsanggold, Samgwang, and Chindle were 78.97, 78.36, and 77.35, respectively. Hardness, elasticity, and toughness of re-heated rice ware increased compared to cooked rice, whereas cohesiveness was decreased. Hardness and elasticity is higher in Seonpum, Dasan1 and Hiami, toughness is higher in Jungsanggold, Samgwang and Wolbak. Cohesiveness of Jungsanggold and wolbak showed higher than others.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

This paper describes the development of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine as potential renal function diagnostic radiopharmaceutical and evaluation of its biological characteristics using experimental animals. l-Cysteine was labeled efficiently with $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl precursor $([^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3)]^{+})$ under 30 min heating at ${75^{\circ}C}$. Labeling yield and stability were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodistribution property of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in mice and its dynamic imaging profiles in rabbits were carried out. To investigate the excretion mechanism of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine, tubular transport inhibition test with probenecid was adopted. $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was obtained with a high labeling yield under the moderate condition. The results of biodistribution experiments of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in ICR mice at 3 and 90 min provided that $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was very highly accumulated in the kidney and bladder, thereby almost 99% of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was excreted within 90 min post injection. The same results were confirmed by the whole body dynamic images for 30 minutes and static images in rabbits at given time intervals after injection. Renogram of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in rabbits showed that its $T_{max}$ and $T_{1/2}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine were $2.33{\pm}0.56$ and $4.30{\pm}0.79$ min, respectively. The $T_{max}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine with probenecid pretreatment was $2.30{\pm}0.17$ min, whereas $T_{1/2}$ of that with probenecid pretreatment was $17.0{\pm}32.47$ min. $T_{1/2}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine with probenecid pretreatment was significantly different, as compared to the result without probenecid (p<0.0001). The results showed that the excretion of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was extremely affected by probenecid. Therefore, $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was rapidly excreted from the kidney principally by the tubular secretion.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1240-1244
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• 1999

In order to assess the effects on the magnetic properties due to the defect in the material irradiated by fast neutron ranging $10^0-10^{18}n/cm^2$, the magnetic properties such as maximum magnetic induction, coercivity, remanence, Barkhausen Noise Amplitude(BNA), Barkhausen Noise Energy(BNE) and hardness were measured. It is shown that the magnetic properties and hardness do not change by the fast neutron irradiation under $10^{17}n/cm^2$. Therefore, in this experiment, it is understood that the magnetic properties decrease by the increase of hardness. This measurement method can be used to evaluate the neutron irradiation embrittlement nondestructively since the magnetic properties and hardness do change by the neutron irradiation over $10^{17}n/cm^2$ consistently.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Using the results from laboratory soil test, field vane test and piezocone penetration test, the engineering characteristics of the soft ground at east side of Gwangyang Port, which is located at south coast of Jeollanam-do, were investigated and optimal piezocone penetration test depth was derived to calculate piezocone factor. In this paper, the results of 61 laboratory soil tests, 226 times of field vane tests and 26 piezocone penetration tests were used. The result of laboratory soil test suggested that some physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content, liquid limit and plastic index and others are higher than other south coast regions, meanwhile uniaxial compression strength, undrained shear strength, defined as mechanical property, appeared to be relatively small, distributed widely. According to the plastic chart, the ground was classified as high compressibility clay and low compressibility clay, mostly represent to Type 3 clay by Robertson (1990)'s classification chart. Piezocone factor was calculated by empirical method, based on the undrained shear strength which was obtained by the field vane test. According to the analysis with 3 different depth range, to set the appropriate measured depth range of piezocone penetration for comparation, using average value of the range of 5 times the vane length showed the highest correlation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.445-451
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• 2019

In the industrial production of fish snacks using frozen surimi, molding the surimi mixture requires an expensive automated machine. This study investigated the efficacy of freeze molding without machinery molding in the production of Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma surimi snacks. At 90 minutes after deep freezing at $-80^{\circ}C$, the cutting ease and shape retention of the surimi mixture were superior. The freezing-molded surimi snack had a higher TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen) level (3.59 mg/100 g) than that (1.50 mg/100 g) of the normally molded surimi snack. Freezing did not affect the microstructure of the surimi snack or its hardness, which is an important physical property of snack products. The freezing-molded and normally molded snacks did not differ significantly in terms of color or appearance, or in any other aspect of the sensory evaluation. Our findings demonstrate that freeze molding does not induce changes in the quality of surimi snacks. Therefore, molding by freezing treatment could be used to produce surimi snacks at small- and mid-sized seafood companies.