• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.122-136
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• 2000

Chronic illness requiring attention and management during a long period of time puts great burden onto patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing social support is the most important, and the fundamental support comes from their spouses. Amount and quality of support from spouses seems to differentiated according to the sex of patients. Female patients tend to believe that their spouses are not very supportive. Therefore, the researchers assessed the burden of husbands of female arthritis patients to discover the factors that result in greater burden. Also, they developed a theoretical model of husbands′ care for their wives through a qualitative research into husbands′ experience. Method 1: The study material was 650 female arthritis patients registered in an arthritis clinic. The questionnaire about the disease experience of female arthritis patients and the burden of husbands were sent. Returned questionnaires numbered 210(32.3%) and 27 were excluded because of inadequate answers. The remaining 183 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 51 years and the mean age of spouses was 55 years. The mean marital period was 28 years. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.1 years. Education level was varied from primary school to graduate school, and average income/month was 1,517,300 won. Method 2: Initial questionnaire studies on the burden of husbands were performed. Among 183 responding husbands, 23 consented to participate for a qualitative research. Data was obtained by direct and telephone interviews. The mean age of participants was 58 years, and the educational level and socioeconomic status also varied. Result: 1. Husbands′ burden: The average burden was 57.68 with a range of 6-96. 2. Burden and general characteristics: The husband′s burden correlated with the age of the patients, numbers in the family, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and the husband′s understanding of the level of severity. 3. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands′ burden is explained in 22.5% by husband′s recognition of level of severity and husbands′ age. 4. There were four patterns of the burden on husbands: both objectve burden and subjective burden were high(pattern I), both of objectve burden and subjective burden were low(pattern II), objective burden was high but subjective burden was low(pattern III), objective burden was low but subjective burden was high(pattern IV). The pattern was correlated with the family income, educational level of the patients and their husbands, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and husband′s understanding of level of severity. 5. The core category of the caring experience of the husbands with arthritis patients was "companionship". The causal factor was the patients′ experience due to symptoms : physical disfigurement, pain, immobility, limitation of house chores, and limitation of social activities. Contextural factors are husbands′ identification of housework and husbands′ concern about the disease. The mediating factors are economic problems, fear of aging, feeling of limitation and family support. The strategy for interaction is mind control and how to solve emotional stress. The "companionship" resulted from caring activities, participation of household activities, helping patients′ to coping with emotional experience. 6. Companionship is established through the process of entering intervention, and caring state of mind. Entering intervention is the phase of participation of therapy and involvement of houseworks. The caring phase consists of decision on therapy, providing therapy, providing direct care, and taking over the household role of wife. Through caring phase, the changing phase set a stage in which husbands consolidate the relationship with their wives, and are reminded of the meaning of marriage. As a result, in changing phase, husbands′ companionship is enhanced. In conclusion, nursing care of chronic illnesses should include a family member especially the spouse. All information on disease shoud be provided to patients and whole family member. Strong support should also be provided to overcome difficulties in taking over role of other sex. Then the quality of life of patients and families will be much improved.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

2020년부터 중국 광시 지방정부는 차 산업과 레저 문화 관광, 과학 보급 교육, 양생 양로 등 산업의 심층융합에 주목하고 있다. 또한 차 산업이 빠르게 발전하고 있어 3차 산업 생산 목표치를 250억 위안으로 계획하였다. 본 연구는 세대별 소비자에 대한 설문조사, 현지조사, 전문가 인터뷰 등을 통하여 차에 대한 니즈와 선택의 차이에 대해 분석하여 광시 차 산업 서비스 모델의 변화 패턴을 연구하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 소비자는 세대별로 생활방식, 쇼핑 습관, 서비스 디자인, 사용자 경험, 사회적 니즈, 개인적 니즈에서 뚜렷한 차이가 있다. 이에 차 제품에 대한 니즈와 행동 패턴을 분석하고 광시 차 산업 서비스 모델의 패턴 변화에 근거해보면, 세대별 소비자의 차 선택의 차이가 차 제품의 수요, 행동 패턴에 유의미한 차이와 패턴 변화를 발견할 수 있다. 끝으로 차 산업의 발전을 위한 서비스 디자인, 사용자 경험 모델 개발의 필요성을 주목하고 있다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

Semiconductor Manufacturing has emerged as one of the most important world industries. Even with the highly automated and precisely monitored facilities used to process the complex manufacturing steps in a near particle free environment, processing variations in wafer fabrication still exist. The causes of these variations may arise from equipment malfunctions, delicate and difficult processing steps, or human mistakes. In this paper, we could specify the cause stage and the cause equipment and take countermeasures at a speed by the conventional method, without depending on the experience and skills of the engineer

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2002

소프트웨어 패턴은 전문가의 검증된 해법과 경험을 토대로 한 문제 해결의 지식표현이다. 그러나, 소프트웨어 개발 문제의 다양성으로 인하여, 현재 발표되어져 있는 수많은 소프트웨어 패턴들 중에서 최적의 패턴을 선택하여 활용하는 것이 용이하지 않다. 이러한 상황은 소프트웨어 패턴의 개념 범주화를 요구하고 있다. 본 논문은 소프트웨어 패턴과 온토로지의 개념 구조를 비교 분석하여, 소프트웨어 패턴이 표출하는 개념 특성을 체계적으로 조직화할 수 있는 소프트웨어 패턴 온토로지(SPO)를 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 SPO로 소프트웨어 패턴을 개념 수준에서 관리할 수는 기반을 구축할 수 있다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 패턴과 온토로지 개념을 결합하여 응용할 수 있는 방법을 예시하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to survey the present utilization of pattern identification(PI) by chronic disease and using PI system in the clinical field among Korean medicine doctors. Methods : This survey was conducted from Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, 2014 by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire. The subjects were 400 Korean medicine doctors who worked in hospitals or clinics. The questionnaire consisted of whether use clinical experience by chronic disease and the utilization of PI, the utilization of PI systems, the PI utilization rate, and the correlation between utilization PI and so on. General elements consisted of sex, age, clinical experience, place of work, district and so on. Results and Conclusions : This study revealed that clinical experience by chronic disease used 24.0-90.8%. The most chronic diseases were chronic fatigue and chronic pain, and least disease was cancer. Experience of the utilization of PI among Korean medicine doctors who have clinical experience was 87.8-97.1%. Also, the most utilized disease was chronic gastritis & gastric ulcer, and least disease was dyslipidemia. In this case, the most common cases were using the one PI between the utilization of PI systems, and the utilization ratio of Visceral PI was the highest. Phi coefficient between the PI systems in chronic diseases divided into positive correlation and negative correlation. The correlation of dementia between Triple energizer PI and Six excesses PI was the highest at positive correlation, and the frequency of occurrence between Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI was the highest at positive correlation. The correlation of osteoarthropathy between Meridian and Collateral PI and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was the highest at negative correlation. Also the frequency of occurrence between Qi, Blood, Fluid and Humor PI and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was the highest at negative correlation. We hope that additional studies on systematic PI research of chronic disease which needed to be in korean oriental medicine and meet the needs of clinical consumer continue based on this study.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.26-47
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment pattern of treatment of patients with arthritis. The grounded theory approach methodology was used in this study. The purposive sampling was conducted. 16 subjects who experienced RA, lived in middle sized city in Korea, and all women The results of this study were as follows : 1. The process of treatment was composed of the stage of symptom experience and the stage of sick role experience. The naming of the symptom was conducted in the stage of symptom experience through, the doctor shopping. The sick role experience was patterned by the choice of the treatment mode. 2. The treatment modes were roughly devided by western medicine and oriental or ethnic medicine. Several factors which affected the choice of the treatment mode were patient's economic state, educational level, religion, the acknowledgement of the cause of illness, duration of illness, lay referral system, the relationship of medical staff, and the acculturation of medical professionalism. The key component of the decision of the treatment was the level of the acculturation of medical professionalism. To enhance the acculturation of medical professionalism, we have to provide the information of cause and the prognosis of the disease to the patients and the variety of communication channel between medical staff and patients, and we should understand the medical culture according to the ages, gender, locations in Korea.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Purpose - Transnational corporations (TNCs) have influenced drastic changes (financial services, manufacturing, labor, technology transfer) in Central Eastern Europe (CEE). This paper examines the indirect changes in the CEE pattern of industrial development and market distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - Over 25 years, neighboring (or rival) countries competed to attract TNCs as a double-edged strategy for privatization and debt reduction. Through their experience attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), many countries started to reflect aspects of national capitalism. Countries also began to realize in 2010 that TNCs sought to enter markets with more favorable conditions for export-oriented manufacturing. Results - The analysis reveals that TNC investment strategies were aimed at eliminating local competition to acquire industrial "brown fields" to convert into "green fields." CEE countries have since strengthened their national systems and the support of large-scale state-owned enterprises and small and medium-sized start-up enterprises. Conclusions - CEE has changed based on industrial development and a regional structure of TNC market distribution and associated government policies. The pattern toward flexible markets gives countries the ability to further their economies.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.274-282
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• 2005

Customer retention is one of the major issued in life insurance industry, in which competition is increasingly fierce. There are many things to do to retain customers. One of those things is to be continuously in touch with all customers. The objective of this study is to design the contact scheduling system(CSS) to support the planers who must touch the customers without having subjective information. Support-planers suffer from lack of information which can be used to intimately touch. CSS that is developed in this study generates contact schedule to touch customers by taking into account existing contact history. CSS has a two stage process. In the first stage, it segments customers according to his or her demographics and contract status data. Then it finds typical pattern and pattern is combined to business rules for each segment. We expert that CSS would support support-planers to make uncontacted customers' experience positive.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.397-416
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• 1993

This study identified the relationships between the hospital’s organizational pattern for nursing, the organizational characteristics perceived by nurses and their job satisfaction. The study subjects were a convenience sample of 383 staff nurses working at 10 general hospitals with more than 300 beds in Seoul. Hospitals included in the study were classified Into five organizational patterns, where nursing was organized as an independent but lower level, attached to the medical department, attached to a department supporting medicine, and various other organizational pattern. The data were collected from July 10 to August 15, 1992. The organizational characteristics as perceived by the staff nurses were measured by Park & Yoon’s Scale (1986) and job satisfaction was measured by Slavitt’s Scale (1978). The data were analyzed by percentage distribution, Pearson’s correlation, x$^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA The summarized results are as follows : 1. The proportion of independent and attached nursing organizational patterns was 35.1％ and 54.9％ respectively. 2. There were differences between four general characteristics of the nurses, age, experience, position and education level, and the five structural types of nursing organization(p〈.05). 3. 1) There were no relationship between the perceived organizational characteristics and general characteristics of the nurses but there was a differ once in job satisfaction according to education level of nurses in hopitals where nursing was an independent department(T=-2.24, p〈.05). 2) There were differences in the perceived organizational characteristics according to age group and experience of nurses (F=3.26, 5.41, p〈 , 05)and in job satisfaction according to the position of nurses in the independent but lower level organizational pattern (T=2.26, p〈.05). 3) There was a difference in the perceived organizational characteristics according to age group (F=3.19, p〈 .05) and in job satisfaction according to the experience of nurses where nursing was attached to the medical department (F=3.49, p〈.05). 4) There was a difference in the perceived organizational characteristics according to nursing unit (F=3.19, p〈 .05), but none between job satis-faction and general characteristics of nurses where nursing was attached to a departiment supporting medicine. 5) There were no relationships between the perceived organizational characteristics and job sat isfaction and general characteristics of nurses in the various other organizational patterns. 4. Nurses in hospitals where nursing is organizationed as an independent department perceived their organizatianal pattern more positively and had higher job satisfaction than nurses working in hospitals where nursing is part of another department. 5. There were differences between perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction according to the organizational patterns for nursing (F=13.52, 8.76, p=.0000). 6. There were correlations between the perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction of nurses working in two independent nursing departments (r=0.2180, 2351, p〈.05). In conclusion, the relationship between perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction was significantly correlated in the hospitals where the nursing department is independent. Perceived organizational characteristics and job satisfaction depended on whether the nursing department is independent from or attached to other departments in the hospital. For nurses job satisfaction the nursing department should be independent from other departments and at the highest level of organization in the hospital.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.349-359
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• 1996

The research was designed to find out the effects of design elements ; ①color, ②pattern, on image perception of clothing by using a qualitative depth interview method. The subjects were 40 women who lived in Taejon and aged 20 to 40. The interview results were both hand recorded and tape recorded for further analysis by researchers and judge groups. And the results were as follows. 1. The most preferred colors appeared to be blue and black, while stripes, checks and flowers were most favorite patterns. 2. There were individual difference in color and pattern perception, however the color image of yellow was brightness, red was dashing, green comfortable, blue cool, and black tightness. The image of geometric pattern was modesty and natural motif pattern was dynamics. 3. The tow major forces which affected the image of design elements were appeared as followed : 1) Color images affected by the image of natural objects which obtained the color. 2) Individuals past experience and emotional status also affected the personal image perception. 4. The color and pattern preference for the Koran traditional customes and Western tow piece were significantly different and this result imply cultural stereotyping on image perception of design elements. On conclusion, the results supported the research model of form perception and image evaluation.