• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.384-394
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• 2019

Objectives: The study was performed to examine the dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students in the Gyeonggi area. Methods: A total of 580 middle school students (295 males, 285 females) in the Gyeonggi area participated in the study between July and August in 2011. The study was a questionnaire-based survey that included dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and life stress. Results: For dietary habits, the score for drinking milk was higher in male students than in female students, whereas the score for eating fruits was higher in female students compared to male students. There were significant differences in foods eaten and preferred under stress between male and female students. Male students showed significantly less changes in the number of meals, amount of meal intake, number of snacks, snack intake, frequency of overeating, and appetite during stress than female students. Life stress score of students largely came from academic factors, and female students showed higher stress levels in personal and surrounding environment factors than male students. Life stress score was significantly lower in students with high and moderate levels of dietary habits than in students with a low level of dietary habits. Total score for dietary habits and scores for eating adequate amounts of foods for each meal, considering a combination of food groups at each meal and eating green and orange vegetables, were significantly negatively correlated with life stress score. Life stress score was significantly negatively correlated with meal regularity and positively with the level of overeating. Conclusions: This study may provide basic information on dietary habits and life stress according to gender and the relationship between dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students, and it suggests gender-based nutrition education programs to solve undesirable dietary habits and dietary behaviors in students with higher stress.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is to investigate factors that predispose the oral health education patterns of teachers at preschool institutions such as kindergartens and day nurseries, for which a comparison was made among the patterns, whereto the PRECEDE model was applied. Methods : A survey was conducted by two visits, a preliminary survey and a main survey, and teachers at the foregoing institutions personally filled in the questionnaire. Results : 1. With relation to epidemiological and social diagnosis, the largest number of respondents (53.7%) agreed on the need for oral health education, but at the same time, the largest number of respondents (40.3%) was unsatisfactory with oral health education given by them. 2. With relation to behavioral diagnosis, there were many cases where respondents taught their students to brush their teeth after meals and snacks. Oral health education was focused on safety and injuries. There was no significant intergroup difference (p>0.05). 3. Predisposing factors (a subcategory of educational diagnosis) showed the following results: As for the frequency of oral health education, most respondents at both institutions answered preferred once every six month (p>0.05). In the case of oral health checkup, 75.4% of respondents at kindergartens preferred once a year. 72.2% of respondents at day nurseries preferred the same frequency. They showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In enabling factors, it was found that most respondents at both institutions collected information and teaching materials from mass media and public health centers respectively. In enabling factors, insufficient teaching materials, media and knowledge were found to be obstacles to oral health education. Conclusions : Oral healthcare providers' cooperation is required to diversify away from tooth brushing-centered education and to enrich oral health education. In addition, continuous supplements are required to make teachers at preschool institutions acquire expert knowledge and give oral health education with confidence. Moreover, it needs to train them for various education programs as well as to support them with educational media. Lastly, family members' cooperation is required to develop oral health education programs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2007

Since the 1980's, despite the conclusion of a number of studies in Western countries focusing upon weight maintenance there has been no similar research in Korea which takes into account the contrasts of culture and eating habits between east and west. In order to identify eating, snacking and exercise behaviors, 24 female university students who have maintained weight for at least a year were enrolled fur an 11 day study. Participants were required to sign into the program and complete the questionnaire, answering questions by concerning what they ate and did everyday. After excluding unanswered questions, data over 11 days were exported into the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, then both ANOVA and Kendall's tau correlation were applied with SPSS. 75% of weight maintainers had normal BMI (18-23.5) in relation to Korean standard, and appeared to eat a main meal smaller than moderate in portion size. Only two days showed that amount of breakfast eaten negatively correlated with lunch (p < 0.05), while no correlations between amounts of lunch and dinner eaten over all study period. Compared with breakfast or lunch, dinner was usually larger in portion size, but some variables such as TV viewing, restaurant meals, number of people at dinner table seemed not correlated with amount of dinner eaten. In addition, the weight-maintainers reported they rarely consumed snacks or sweetened beverages. Unlike their western counterparts, ffw participants reported that they took part in regular exercise during the day, which may lead us to the conclusion that these young female weight maintainers seem to maintain their weight with eating behaviours such as 'eat small portion', 'avoid snacking' and 'avoid soft drinks' rather than doing regular exercise. The study did not include a control group, and was foreshortened due to technical difficulties so it may be necessary to repeat the study while considering these two points.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

As Korea is moving toward multicultural society, the number of Muslim, whose religion has a great influence on diet-related behaviors, is increasing in Korea. Since the number of immigrants from Indonesia ranks within top ten in Korea and Indonesia is one of the most representative Islamic countries in Asia, understanding the diet-related behaviors and food preferences of Indonesians is needed. This study was conducted to investigate diet-related behaviors, factors affecting the diet-related perceptions, and food preferences of the Indonesians. The subjects included 500 Indonesians dwelling in Jakarta, Indonesia. About ninety % of the subjects in this study were Muslims. They did not eat pork and dog meat for religious reason and they practiced fasting during Ramadan period. Indonesians avoided pineapple, durian, and hot foods during pregnancy and usually ate vegetables and fruits after birth, which seemed to be due to sociocultural influence. Among the subjects, 21.5% were obese and major health problems reported were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Their preference for fried food items might have contributed to health problems. Subjects had meals mostly at home (2.3 times/day) and dined out occasionally (1.2 times/week) at Indonesian restaurants (56.6%) or family restaurants (21.0%). In conclusion, Indonesians had home-based and native food-oriented dietary life with strong religious and sociocultural influence on food choices. Further research on specific nutrient intake analysis is needed to better understand and to improve dietary life of Indonesians in Korea.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.307-322
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Subjects were 223 boys and 208 girls attending 13 elementary schools (5 th and 6 th graders). A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, food frequency, and dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge score assessed by 19 questions was significantly higher in girls than in boys. There were significant differences between boys and girls in several items in dietary habits such as enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and degree of saltiness of dishes. Girls consumed staple foods such as rice, noodles or bread more frequently, and consumed less frequently ramyun, fried foods, fast foods, and Chinese foods than boys. In addition, girls had more positive dietary attitudes in trying to reduce fast foods, Chinese foods, ramyun and fried foods. Also children in the high or moderate nutrition knowledge level groups had better dietary habits in frequency of meals, frequency of breakfast, enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, activity during the meal, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and better food choices by eating staple foods and vegetable side dishes, meats and beans more frequently, and fried foods, doughnuts/cakes, Chinese foods less frequently, and had better dietary attitudes in breakfast, vegetables and fruit intake than children in the low nutrition knowledge level group. Our results showed that dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes were different by gender and nutrition knowledge level. These results suggest that in developing nutrition education program for elementary school children, the differences between gender and nutrition knowledge level should be considered. Nutrition education in elementary schools may change dietary habits and dietary attitudes through increasing nutrition knowledge.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 보육시설 내 식수인원 및 조리 종사자 근무현황에 따른 급식소 위생 관리수준을 평가하였다. 2021년부터 2022년까지 풀무원푸드머스를 통해 식자재를 공급받는 전국 199개 보육시설을 대상으로 61개 점검문항 중 평가결과에서 유의미한 일부 분석결과를 바탕으로 작성하였다. 분석결과 식수인원이 적고, 조리 종사자가 적을수록 검수기록이 미 실시(P<0.05)되는 평가되었으며, 식수인원이 적을수록 조리 종사자의 건강상태 확인이 미흡하고, 조리 종사자가 적을수록 복장착용(P<0.05)이 미흡하였다. 또한, 식수인원이 적은 보육시설일수록 소비기한 경과 식재료 보관이 확인(P<0.05)되는 빈도 수가 높아 관리가 요구되었으며, 가열조리 시 심부온도 측정기록은 미 실시(P<0.05)되는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 식수인원이 적은 보육시설일수록 조리시설의 유지관리가 미흡(P<0.05)하였다. ATP 측정결과에서는 식수인원이 적은 조리시설 종사자의 손과 도마에서 유의적으로 높은 ATP 수치가 검출(P<0.05)되었으며, 조리종사자가 적을수록 근무 급식소의 도마에서 높은 ATP 수치(P<0.05)가 측정되었다. 분석결과를 종합해 볼 때 식수인원이 적은 보육시설일수록 조리운영을 위한 시설기반 관리가 부족하고, 위생관리가 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 통해 식수인원 및 조리 종사자 수에 따른 보육시설 급식소의 위생 관리수준을 판단하였으며, 향후 보육시설에 대한 국가 지원사업 선정 시 해당 연구결과가 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

To provide data necessary for effectively applying the HACCP system by understanding the current application condition of HACCP system and satisfaction level of the dietician in elementary schools, a mail-in survey was conducted on dieticians serving for 227 elementary schools applying HACCP system in Kyungsangbuk-Do since November 1, 2001 to December 20, 2001. 83.5% of the subjected schools were conducting more than 50% of HACCP cooking process management, and the level of cooking process management displayed significant relevance according to the number of dieticians serving the school meals. The area that was not well conducted in the field of HACCP system was proven to be water examination(94.0%), inspection on self-sanitation of cooks prior to cooking(90.6%), and maintenance of dry kitchen floor(l4.8%). The reason why the above areas are not well conducted was because of lack of time due to over workloads. Subjective dieticians had pointed out improvement of sanitary concept(58.1%) and improvement of self-sanitation (28.8%) as benefits of applying HACCP. 21.2% of the subjective dieticians were satisfied with application HACCP and 35.2% were dissatisfied with applying HACCP. In case of which the duration of applying the HACCP was longer than one year and in case of higher rate of HACCP cooking process management and longer work experience of the dieticians, the level of satisfaction was proven to be significantly higher. The most difficult things to follow in important management categories according to the features of dietitian work and work experience were food distribution of CCP7 step and maintenance of optimum temperature(70.7%). Subjective dieticians had pointed out insufficient facility or environment and lack of inspection equipments in order regarding problems of applying HACCP. Also in the level of necessity of improvement categories in applying HACCP, dieticians had replied that facility and equipment improvement was mostly needed. Due to the induction of HACCP system in school meals, comparatively well cooking process management is being conducted, and I believe it could contribute in securing safety and quality improvement of school meal by improving the sanitation concept of the dieticians. However, the satisfaction level of dieticians are rather low and there are many difficulties in maintaining optimum temperature in the process of food distribution and transportation process. Also, lack of facilities and environment, lack of inspection equipments and etc are pointed out as problems of inducing HACCP. Thus, to settle HACCP system, it is believed that brave investment must be preceded.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2003

대구ㆍ경북지역 학교급식소의 질적 향상을 위하여 현재 수행되고 있는 운영현황 및 관리현황, 급식 생산성을 유형별로 분류하여 도시형 18개교, 농어촌형 13개교와 도서벽지형 18개교 총 49개교의 영양사와 조리종사원을 대상으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전체조사대상의 급식종사원수는 도시형 학교에 근무하는 종사원이 109명, 농어촌형 학교에 근무하는 종사원이 71명, 도서벽지형에 근무하는 종사원이 70명으로 총 250명이었으며 학교 유형별 급식인원수는 도시형 학교가 894.6으로 농어촌형 학교의 446.2명과 도서벽지형 학교의 170.6명보다 유의하게(p$\leq$0.001) 많았다. 제공한 부식 수는 평균 2.82개이며 농촌형 학교에서 3.23개의 부식을 제공하여 도시형과 도서벽지형 학교보다 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 또한 급식종사원 1인당 급식수는 도시형 학교가 152.91명, 농어촌형 학교가 73.6명, 그리고 도서벽지형 학교가 40.4명으로 학교유형간에 유의한(p$\leq$0.001) 차이가 있었다. 급식비 1인당 1식 단가는 평균 1180.98원으로 도서벽지형 학교가 1231.19원, 농어촌형 학교가 1160.93원, 그리고 도시형 학교가 1092.99원으로 학교유형간에 유의한(p$\leq$0.001) 차이가 있었다. 급식 1식당 인건비는 평균 452.94원으로 도서벽지형 학교가 682.52원으로 가장 높았으며 도시형학교가 267.71원으로 가장 낮았다. 2. 도시형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원의 직무만족도는 123.41으로 농어촌형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원의 직무만족도 147.49와 도서벽지형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원의 직무만족도 140.39보다 유의하게(p$\leq$0.01) 낮게 나타났고 급여만족도는 도시형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원이 6.39로 농어촌형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원의 급여만족도 9.46과 도서벽지형 학교에 근무하는 급식종사원의 급여만족도 9.21보다 유의하게(p$\leq$0.001)낮게 나타났다. 3. 급식생산성 지수는 도시형 학교가 21.36으로 가장 높았고 농어촌형 학교가 9.07 그리고 도서벽지형 학교가 5.97로 학교 유형간에 유의한(p$\leq$0.001) 차이가 있었다. 4. 급식생산성 지수는 급식수와 총 식재료비와 양의 상관관계를, 제공된 부식수와 1식당 식재료비와는 음의 상관관계를 보여 초등학교 급식소의 생산성은 급식의 규모가 커질수록 급식생산성이 증가하였고 부식수가 많을수록, 1식당 식재료비가 높을수록 급식생산성은 감소한다고 볼 수 있다. 5. 인적 관련 변수 중 급식종사원의 연령, 근무기간 및 조리원 1인당 급식수는 급식생산성과 양의 상관관계를 보였고 1식당 인건비, 급식종사원의 만족도 그리고 급식종사원의 급여에 대한 만족도는 급식생산성과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론적으로 학교급식의 생산성을 높이고 급식의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 급식의 규모가 작은 경우 특히 농어촌형과 도서벽지형 학교 급식소에 있어서 단독교 조리방식으로 분산시키지 말고 인근의 급식학교들을 한데 묶어 함께 조리하는 공동조리장 조리방법을 선택하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료되며 또한 급식생산성과 유의적인 관계를 지닌 변수들에 대한 다각적인 측면, 특히 급식종사원의 직무만족요인 및 작업관리에 대한 연구와 더불어 소비자의 만족도에 대한 연구가 함께 이루어져야 하겠다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2004

This study was carried out to survey the eating behaviors and the food preferences of the tourism transportation business managers in Daegu areas by age. The survey was performed from 17 to August 25, 2003 by questionnaires and the subjects were 365 males. As a general factor, the subjects of survey were male drivers in their thirties to sixties. Their education level was middle school(44.9%) and high school(45.8%) diploma. This study showed that the managers eat three meals per day with high percentage(75.9%) and a large number of managers(24.1%) eat two meals only. 77.8% of the subjects responded that their diet life were irregular due to the property of their job. Frequency of eating-out turned out to be much higher in managers aged 60 over(p<0.001). They considered taste of the food firstly, and the prices of the food secondly, but the nutritional value of the food was considered with a low percentage(22.7%). We found that their BMI were overweight from 23.5 to 26.01, their calorie and some nutrient intakes were below their RDA. The most insufficiently consumed nutrient(less than 75% of RDA) was vitamin B₂ followed by calcium. The food preferences of subjects showed that the managers preferred boiled rice to any other rice as a staple foods. Their favorite menu of one-course Korean style meal turned out to be the bibimbob(boiled rice mixed with assorted vegetable and meat). As for subsidiary foods, out of all various meat soups, beef soups and beef-rib soups were most preferred. The most preferred stew were soybean paste stew and kimchi stew, and the most preferred cooked vegetables were cooked spinach, seasoned cucumber. Baechu kimchi(white cabbage kimchi) were the most preferred kind of kimchi. For desserts there was a very high preference for the watermelons, apples, and pears. For beverages the most preferred were ginseng tea, fruit juices and dietary fiber drinks. From the results listed above, the nutritional education needed to be done to the tourism transportation business managers to set the proper menu considering the characteristics of the preference each age group of managers.