• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.202-213
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the cephalometric measurements of obese and non-obese Korean male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Methods: Eighty-seven adults who had visited the Sleep Disorder Clinic Center in Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea were examined and evaluated with polysomnography (PSG) and lateral cephalogram. They were divided into 4 groups (non-obese simple snorers, obese simple snorers, non-obese OSA patients, obese OSA patients) according to AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) and BMI (Body Mass Index). Results: The obese OSA group had the highest AHI among the 4 groups. The non-obese OSA group had a significantly steeper mandibular angle and shorter tongue length than the obese OSA group. The hyoid bone of the obese OSA group was positioned anterior and inferior as compared with the non-obese OSA group. Multiple regression analysis showed that tongue length in the obese OSA group and retroposition of hyoid bone in the non-obese OSA group were significant determinants for the severity of AHI. Conclusions: From a cephalometric point of view, the obese and non-obese pateints with OSA may be characterized by different pathogeneses. Therefore, they have to be managed by individualized treatment. For the obese OSA patients, weight control must be advised as a first choice and for the non-obese OSA patients, oral appliance, nasal CPAP, UPPP and others could be chosen according to the obstructive sites.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-190
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• 1998

Nowadays there were two tendencies of studies about prognostic factors in stroke. One way was to define prognostic factors according to the radiological features. And the other way was to define according to the mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence etc.. The former could be objectively investigated, while the latter was difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine which variables would be predictors of stroke and which factors would be affect predictions most. The subjects of this study were 32 patients who were admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine, Dongguk Univ. College of Oriental Medicine whthin 48 hours from attack, Medical records were reviewed FIM, CNS, NIH stroke scale. We compared each sub-items of FIM, CNS, NIH stroke scale about mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence with MBI score at 4 weeks from admission. Also, we analyzed the correlations of sub-items and groups which devided into 5 according to independence of MBI score. And we found out the most influent factors with multiple regression analysis. The major results were as follows; 1. In mean of MBI score at 4 weeks of each groups devided low, middle, high score at mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence items, there were statistical differences in all items. 2. The mental state and lim ataxia sub-items had no significant correlations with groups divided according to independence of MBI score. All the other items were significantly correlated. 3. The most influent factors was recognition. The second was sensory and the third was bowel incontinence. 4. The most influent scales was FIM, and the second was CNS, and NlH had no statistical significancy.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2009

Purpose: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental components. Recently, the STOX1 gene, identified as a candidate gene for preeclampsia in Dutch women, has been shown to be placentally expressed and subject to imprinting with preferential transmission of the maternal allele. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between the STOX1 Y153H variation and preeclampsia in Korean pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study involved 202 preeclamptic and 204 healthy pregnant women who were genotyped for the Y153H variant of the STOX1 gene using a commercially available SNapShot assay kit and an ABI Prism 3730 DNA Analyzer. Results: There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies of the Y153H variant of the STOX1 gene between preeclamptic patients and normal controls (P>0.05). The H allele frequency of the STOX1 Y153H variation was similar in patients with preeclampsia (87.1%) and in normal controls (86.5%). In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the YH, HH, and YH/HH genotypes were not associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia when compared to the YY genotype. Conclusion: This is the first study to characterize the Y153H variant of the STOX1 gene in Korean patients with preeclampsia. We found no differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. Although limited by a relatively small sample size, our study suggests that the STOX1 Y153H variation is not associated with the development of preeclampsia in Korean pregnant women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

Objectives : We evaluated the health effects of exposure to BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene) in the Taean area after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Methods : We used a questionnaire survey to look for health effects among 80 pregnant women 2 to 3 months following the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Their BTEX exposures were estimated using the CALPUFF method. We then used a multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BTEX exposure on the women s health effets. Results : Pregnant women who lived near the accident site reported more symptoms of eye irritation and headache than those who lived farther from the site. There was a trend of decreasing symptoms with an increase in distance from the spill site. Pregnant women exposed to higher ambient cumulative levels of Xylene were significantly more likely to report symptoms of the skin(OR 8.01 95% CI=1.74-36.76) in the first day after the accident and significantly more likely to report abdominal pain(OR 3.86 95% CI=1.02-14.59 for Ethylbenzene, OR 6.70 95% CI=1.82-24.62 for Xylene) during the 1st through 4th days following the accident. Conclusions : This study suggests that exposure to BTEX from an oil spill is correlated with an increased risk of health effects among pregnant women. This implies the need to take proper measures, including the development of a national policy for environmental health emergencies and a plan for studying the short- and long-term chronic health effects associated with such spills.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.392-396
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• 2010

Purpose : The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion in infants has been examined in several studies with conflicting results. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the precise relationship involved. Methods : In this case-control study, the authors assessed 100 children with a diagnosis of febrile convulsion, aged between 9 months and 2 years, during January 2007 to July 2009. The control group consisted of 100 febrile children without convulsion; controls were closely matched to the cases by age, gender, and underlying disease. Results : The mean ages of the febrile convulsion and control group were $16.3{\pm}7.4$ and $15.8{\pm}6.1$ months, respectively, and the two groups had no differences in clinical features. Iron deficiency anemia (Hb <10.5 gm/dL) was more frequent in the febrile convulsion group than in the control group, although there was no statistical significance. Unexpectably, the RDW (red blood cell distribution width) was significantly lower and the MCNC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) was significantly higher among seizure cases than among the controls (P <0.05). There is no statistical difference between simple and complex febrile groups in the clinical and laboratory profiles. On multiple logistic regression analysis, iron deficiency anemia was more frequent, but the RDW was lower, among the cases with febrile convulsion, compared with the controls. Conclusions : Our study suggests that the iron deficiency anemia is associated with febrile convulsion, and screening for iron deficiency anemia should be considered in children with febrile convulsions.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1998

Objectives : This study was to evaluate sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness resulting from rotating shiftwork. The authors, also, tried to find out the relationship between the severity of daytime sleepiness and personality factors. Methods : The subjects consisted of 41 female rotating shiftwork nurses and the control group consisted of 39 female day timeworkers. All of them completed the Sleep questionnaire of Korea University Sleep Disorder Clinic, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), the 16 Personality Factors(16PF), the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). Multiple regression analysis of 16PF of the rotating shiftwork nurses was done to find out possible predictors of the severity of daytime sleepiness. Results : The mean duration of deprived sleep due to rotating shiftwork was $64.26\;{\pm}\;14.54\;min$. The frequency of sleep difficulty($1.24\;{\pm}\;1.17\;day/week$ vs $0.67\;{\pm}\;1.31\;day/week$, p < 0.05), time needed to fall asleep($103.05\;{\pm}\;73.48\;min$. vs $70.00\;{\pm}\;60.08\;min$, p < 0.05), sleep duration when having some difficulties in sleep ($204.25\;{\pm}\;79.90\;min$. vs $280.44\;{\pm}\;111.59\;min$., p < 0.001), recent changes in energy($x^2\;=\;4.16$, p < 0.05), worrying about sleep($x^2\;=\;11.08$, p < 0.05), and taking naps($x^2\;=\;4.98$, p < 0.05) showed significant differences between rotating shiftworkers and normal controls. The ESS socre of shiftworkers ($8.68\;{\pm}\;3.04$) was greater than that of normal controls ($6.86\;{\pm}\;3.04$)(p < 0.01). Personality factors such as C factor($R^2\;=0.283$), I factor($R^2\;=0.358$) and G factor($R^2\;=0.470$) were related with the severity of the daytime sleepiness(p < 0.001). Conclusions : The rotating shiftwork nurses had more difficulties in sleep such as having difficulties in falling asleep and in maintaining sleep, and showed lowered energy, decreased senses of well-being and so on. The rotating shiftwork nurses experienced more severe daytime sleepiness than controls did. Personality factors, such as C factor, I factor, and G factor of 16PF were suggested to be useful for predicting the severity of daytime sleepiness resulting from rotating shiftwork.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.508-517
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• 1997

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is one of the major health problems in Korea and HBsAg positive rate was known to be about $5\sim15%$ in general population. This study was conducted to identify the positive rates of serum HBsAg and anti-HBs among community population regarded as having hish HBV vaccination rate than in previous decade, using EIA(Enzyme immunoassay) method, in Seo-Gu, Taegu, Korea. The study subjects were 1,160 who visited Seo-Gu Health Center for check-up serologic markers of hepatitis 3. The data were obtained from the serologic test for hepatitis markers and questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the general characteristics, vaccination history, past history of hepatitis and other liver disease, and exposure history to risk factors of hepatitis of the study subjects. The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 5.2% and 62.4% respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg for male and female were 6.6% and 4.3% respectively. The age was divided into two groups as group I (less than 15 years old), group II (more than 16 years old) according to the hypothesis that these two groups might be different in HBV vaccination rate. HBV vaccination rates for group I and II were 83.1% and 52.3%. The positive rates of HBsAg for group I and II were 2.6% and 6.5%. The positive rates of HBsAg for the vaccinated people of the group I and II were 2.2% and 3.5%, the positive rates of anti-HBs for the vaccinated people of the group I and II were 70.1% and 71.1% respectively. The most significant factor in positive rate of HBsAg was 'hepatitis carrier in family'. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 'hepatitis history' and 'hepatitis carrier in family' were significant variables for positivity of HBsAg, and 'hepatitis B vaccination' was only a significant variable for positivity of anti-HBs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.580-589
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food insecurity status and dietary behavior and examine the association between the food insecurity status and consumption of processed beverage for secondary school students in Vientiane, capital city of Lao PDR. Methods: The study subjects are 714 students (boys = 307 and girls = 407) in four secondary schools (Chao_Anouvong, Phiavat, Saysetha, and Chansavang) of Vientiane, Lao PDR. Data on study subject's demographic characteristics, dietary behavior, food insecurity, and Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA) index were collected. A "Self-Administered Food Security Survey Module for Children Aged 12 Years and Older" developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was used for the food insecurity assessment. Results: As a result, 72.7% of the subjects were in a state of food insecurity, and food security was associated with higher socioeconomic status (higher life satisfaction, higher parent's education attainment, higher item ownership, fewer number of siblings, and having more lunches at the school restaurant than at home). Compared to the food insecurity group, the frequency of breakfast, self-rated diet, and the total score of MDA index were higher in the food security group. On the other hand, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 'food security' was also associated with a higher consumption of processed beverages (OR 1.544; 95% CI 1.078-2.213; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Improving the quality of the diet is essential for adolescents in both the food insecurity and food security groups in Lao PDR. Therefore, it is necessary to provide well organized nutrition education and establish adequate nutrition policy for adolescents in Lao PDR.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2023

Background: This study was conducted to determine the association with dual jobbing on dental hygienists' job satisfaction and to identify the factors that lead to dual jobs. Methods: This study was an online survey of 110 currently employed dental hygienists conducted during the month of May 2022. To determine job satisfaction, we used the 20-item Korea-Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (K-MSQ). Survey questions related to dual job were adapted and supplemented from the dual job survey instrument for dental hygienists to identify intention to dual job and future intention to dual job. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc analysis, and multiple logistic regression were performed. Results: The dual job rate and future dual job rate of the participants in this study were about 27% and 47%, respectively. The means for Intrinsic job satisfaction, Extrinsic job satisfaction, and job satisfaction were 3.44, 3.15, and 3.36, respectively. It was statistically significant that extrinsic job satisfaction increased with increasing position, and intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, and job satisfaction increased with increasing salary. Those currently working dual jobs cited "self-actualization" as a reason for doing so, and those who intended to work dual jobs in the future cited "not being paid enough in their primary job" as a reason. We found that a one-unit increase in intrinsic job satisfaction and job satisfaction increases the odds of future intention to dual job by about 1.07 and 1.05 times, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed the influence of dental hygienists' job satisfaction on intention to dual job and future intention to dual job, and self-actualization was found to be the main factor. Therefore, the consideration of dual jobs in the future will affect the improvement of dental hygienists as professionals and the reduction of turnover through better working conditions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

This study described the status of family dining and personality of adolescents, determined the differences in family dining according to personal variables, and examined the relationship between family dining and personality in adolescence. The Data were collected from self-reported inventory of the middle and high school students in a city and 1,259 data copies were used for analyses. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. The results obtained were as follows. First, as for the weekly family dining frequency, more than 7 times had the most number of responses(44.2%), followed by 1~2 times(20.8%), 3~4 times(18.1%), 5~6 times(12.9%). The average scores for family dining perception and family dining attitudes were 3.75 and 3.42 on a 5-Likert scale, respectively, which means moderately high. But, family dining rules was 2.80, which means moderate. Agreeableness was the highest(3.68) among the personality components followed by Openness/intellect(3.42), Extraversion(3.33), Conscientiousness(3.14), and Emotional Stability(3.05) out of 5-point Likert scale. Second, there were statistically significant differences in family dining frequency, family dining perception, family dining rules, and family dining attitudes depending on the gender, school level, and the father's academic attainment. Third, family dining frequency, family dining perception, and family dining attitudes had statistically significant influence on the personality of adolescents after personal variables were considered. But, there was no significant relationship between family dining rules and the personality. The outcomes indicate that family dining affects the personality of adolescents. School needs to offer quality programs with various teaching methods to enhance family dining frequency, family dining perception, and family dining attitudes.