• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1330-1333
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• 2004

The methodology for modeling building energy consumption is well established for energy saving calculation in the temperate zone both for performance-based energy retrofitting contracts and measurement and verification (M&V) projects. Mostly, statistical regression models based on utility bills and outdoor dry-bulb temperature have been applied to baseline monthly and annual whole building energy use. This paper presents the application of neural networks (NN) to model landlord energy consumption of commercial buildings in Singapore. Firstly, a brief background information on NN and its application on the building energy research is provided. Secondly, five commercial buildings with various characteristics were selected for case studies. Monthly mean outdoor dry-bulb temperature ($T_0$), Relative Humidity (RH) and Global Solar Radiation (GSR) are used as network inputs and the landlord monthly energy consumption of the same period is the output. Up to three years monthly data are taken as training data. A forecast has been made for another year for all the five buildings. The performance of the NN analysis was evaluated using coefficient of variance (CV). The results show that NNs is powerful at predicting annual landlord energy consumption with high accuracy.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

The steady three-dimensional computational thermal flow analysis using standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a cabin cooler for a commercial vehicle. The heat exchanging method of this cabin cooler is to use the cooling effect of a thermoelectric module. In view of the results so far achieved, the air system resistance of a cabin cooler is about 12.4 Pa as a static pressure, and then the operating point of a cross-flow fan considering in this study is formed in the comparatively low flowrate region. The air temperature difference obtained from the cold part of an thermoelectric module is about $26^{\circ}C$, and the cooling water temperature difference obtained from the hot part of an thermoelectric module is about $3.5^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

Aims: As a preliminary experiment on new sanitizer delivery tools, the efficacy of aerosolizedsanitizer on foodborne pathogens was investigated in larger model chamber system.Methods: Peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were aerosolized in a model system againstartificially inoculated target microorganisms on laboratory media. Cultures of 4 different foodborne pathogens were inoculated and affixed onto 3 different heights (bottom, wall, and ceiling), and 3different orientations (face-down, vertical, and face-down) inside a commercial semi-trailer cabinet(14.6 x 2.6 x 2.8 m). Sanitizer was aerosolized into 2 m droplet size fog and treated for 1 h atambient temperature.Results: Populations of Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonellatyphimurium were reduced by an average of 3.09, 7.69, 6.93 and 8.18 log units per plate, respectively.Interestingly, L. innocua, Staph. aureus, and Salm. typhimurium showed statistically not different (P$\leq$ 0.05) reduction patterns relative to height and orientation that were never expected in a sprayingsystemConclusion and significance: Aerosolized sanitizers diffuse like gaseous sanitizers, so it has greatpotential for use in commercial applications.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2008

Research that reconstructs a 3D model from a freehand 2D sketch has gained attention since 1990s, when data integration in the CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC chain was an important issue. However, 2D sketches in the conceptual design phase have not been integrated with the downstream CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC chain. In this paper, we present a method to interface a freehand sketch modeling to commercial CAD systems by mapping a sketch modeling history to the macro parametric history. We use an extended ISO10303-112 standard to represent the modeling history in a gestural modeling system and translate sketch files to neutral macro files. Macro parametric translators are used to translate netural macro files to commercial CAD files.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.435-459
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• 2022

The accounting literature abounds with many studies concerning the organizational and technical aspects of the AIS to simulate progress in the business environment. However, few studies have focused on the role of individual factors in overcoming resistance to change and maximizing the value of using the system. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on user beliefs by evaluating the factors that affect the use of the AIS using a developed TAM. A total of 132 subjects participated in this study, in which the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and AMOS was used to test the model. The results showed that subjective norm, training and experience were the most important previous factors that affect the perceptual factors represented in usefulness, ease of use and the inevitability of change, which all had an impact on the continuance intention to use the AIS among users in Algerian firms. This study shed light on the importance of assessing individual factors rather than focusing only on the ways to develop AIS or researching for new technologies and the costs of this investment because this will increase the chances of success in using the system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study deals with the traffic accidents classified by the traffic analysis zone. The purpose is to develop the accident density models by using zonal traffic and socioeconomic data. METHODS : The traffic accident density models are developed through multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, three multiple linear models were developed. The dependent variable was traffic accident density, which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic accidents. The independent variables were various traffic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS : Three traffic accident density models were developed, and all models were statistically significant. Road length, trip production volume, intersections, van ratio, and number of vehicles per person in the transportation-based model were analyzed to be positive to the accident. Residential and commercial area ratio and transportation vulnerability ratio obtained using the socioeconomic-based model were found to affect the accident. The major arterial road ratio, trip production volume, intersection, van ratio, commercial ratio, and number of companies in the integrated model were also found to be related to the accident.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2016

This paper describes an implementation method and the results of numerical mobile phone models representing real phone models that have been released on the Korean market since 2002. The aim is to estimate the electromagnetic absorption in the human brain for case-control studies to investigate health risks related to mobile phone use. Specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance test reports about commercial phone models were collected and classified in terms of elements such as the external body shape, the antenna, and the frequency band. The design criteria of a numerical phone model representing each type of phone group are as follows. The outer dimensions of the phone body are equal to the average dimensions of all commercial models with the same shape. The distance and direction of the maximum SAR from the earpiece and the area above -3 dB of the maximum SAR are fitted to achieve the average obtained by measuring the SAR distributions of the corresponding commercial models in a flat phantom. Spatial peak 1-g SAR values in the cheek and tilt positions against the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom agree with average data on all of the same type of commercial models. Second criterion was applied to only a few types of models because not many commercial models were available. The results show that, with the exception of one model, the implemented numerical phone models meet criteria within 30%.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

In this study, the author suggests utilizing unsold and unused land as temporary commercial parking lots as a way to raise funds for active public transport use. In addition, reasonable parking fee scheme is suggested by estimating marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance for the commercial parking lots based on the CVM. The author conducts a survey to investigate citizens' opinion on utilizing unsold and unused land in the urban development project area as temporary commercial transport facilities such as parking lots. Based on survey outcome, travel behavior and requirements are analyzed and marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance are estimated through the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results are as follows: in the single-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 216 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down against reaching distance to the parking lots from 365 KRW for 50m, 295 KRW for 100m, 173 KRW for 200m, and 51 KRW for 300m; in the double-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 285 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down as well against reaching distance to the parking lots from 310 KRW for 50m, 297 KRW for 100m, 272 KRW for 200m and 248 KRW for 300m. It is clearly appeared that people's willingness to pay goes higher as distance to reach the parking lots goes shorter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.3 s.246
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• pp.219-230
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• 2006

Digital CAD models are one of the most important assets the manufacturer holds. The trend toward concurrent engineering and outsourcing in the distributed development and manufacturing environment has elevated the importance of high quality CAD model and its efficient exchange. But designers have spent a great deal of their time repairing CAD model errors. Most of those poor quality models may be due to designer errors caused by poor or incorrect CAD data generation practices. In this paper, we propose a rule-based approach for healing CAD model errors. The proposed approach focuses on the design history data representation from a commercial CAD model, and the procedural method for building knowledge base to heal CAD model. Through the use of rule-based approach, a CAD model healing system can be implemented, and experiments are carried out on automobile part models.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-143
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• 2020

The paper investigates the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Asian developing countries, including Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. We use panel data of four entities; ten banks in Vietnam, eight banks in Malaysia, nine banks in Thailand and all 27 commercial banks from the period 2012 to 2016. Particularly, Return on Asset, Return on Equity and TOBINQ are defined as profitability indicators, which are impacted by three main types of independent variables, namely bank-specifics, which include CAR, NPL, Cost to income, Liquidity ratio and Bank size, industry-specific variable-concentration HHI and macroeconomic-specific variables, which consist of GDP growth and Inflation. Using panel data regressions, the paper identifies several similarities and differences among empirical results on the models of four entities, each of three countries and the overall sample. The most outstanding similarity is that all entities record the significantly negative relationship between operational risk and banking profitability. Likewise, the significantly negative influence of bank size to profitability is found on models of Vietnam and Thailand and no significant effect on the model of Malaysia. Meanwhile, the most controversial result comes up with the negative relationship between CAR and profitability indicators as well as the positive association between credit risk and banking profitability.