• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine the stress distribution effect of tightening torques of different abutment screws in a custom-abutment implant system on the abutment-fixture connection interface stability using finite element analysis. Methods: The custom-abutment implant system structures used in this study were designed using CATIA program. It was presumed that the abutment screws with a tightening torque of 10, 20, and 30 N·cm fixed the abutment and fixture. Furthermore, two external loadings, vertical loading and oblique loading, were applied. Results: When the screw tightening torque was 10 N·cm, the maximum stress value of the abutment screw was 287.2 MPa that is equivalent to 33% of Ti-6Al-4V yield strength. When the tightening torque was 20 N·cm, the maximum stress value of the abutment screw was 573.9 MPa that is equivalent to 65% of Ti-6Al-4V yield strength. When the tightening torque was 30 N·cm, the maximum stress value of the abutment screw was 859.6 MPa that is similar to the Ti-6Al-4V yield strength. Conclusion: As the screw preload rose when applying each tightening torque to the custom-abutment implant system, the equivalent stress increased. It was found that the tightening torque of the abutment influenced the abutment-fixture connection interface stability. The analysis results indicate that a custom-abutment implant system should closely consider the optimal tightening torque according to clinical functional loads.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권5호통권78호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2005

철도교는 강성이 주요한 설계인자이기 때문에 기존의 2거더 교량의 구조적 효율성을 높이기 위해서 이중합성 구조를 가진 철도교를 제안하였다. 일반적으로 강합성 연속교를 설계할 경우, 부모멘트 구간에 존재하는 콘크리트 바닥판은 인장에 저항하지 못한다고 가정하고 바닥판 단면을 무시하게 된다. 부모멘트 구간에서는 합성단면의 강성이 감소하게 되므로 이를 보완하기 위해 강재단면이 커지게 되는데, 이러할 경우 변단면의 적용이 불가피하게 되고 강합성형으로서의 장점이 반감된다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 다양한 접근법이 존재하지만 그 중에서도 경간을 확대하고 강성이 중요한 설계인자가 되는 경우에 적절하게 사용될 수 있도록 제안된 교량의 형태가 이중합성구조이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이중합성 전단연결부의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 수평스터드, 수평스터드와 수직스터드가 함께 배치된 복합스터드 부재에 대한 push-out 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과의 분석을 통하여 기존의 설계식과의 비교를 수행하고 정적 거동을 평가하였다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how analyzing movies, including mental symptoms, according to a certain method, might affect the understanding of psychiatric disorders. Methods: Forty-four oriental medicine students who had completed Korean medicine neuropsychiatric science were required to submit reports on episode analysis, psychiatric personal history investigation, diagnostic criteria, and the connection between Korean medicine and psychiatric diseases after watching a movie, including psychiatric symptoms. After submitting the report, a questionnaire related to understanding before and after watching the movie was asked to be filled out. Demographic survey, frequency analysis, and response sample t-test were performed based on 42 questionnaires. Results: Results of analyzing the questionnaire were as follows. 1. The average number of movies watched was three. 2. Psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms, diagnostic criteria, psychiatric personal investigation, and understanding of the connection between Korean medicine and psychiatric diseases all increased statistically significantly. 3. A separate process might be needed to improve the understanding of psychiatric personal strength investigation and oriental medicine connection. Conclusions: Movie analysis, including individual mental symptoms, could improve students' understanding of psychiatric disorders in psychiatric symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and psychiatric personal investigation, but some students might need feedback.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.343-358
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• 2011

임플랜트 치료가 보편화되고, 다양한 형태와 재료의 상부 구조물이 보급되었다. 그리고 실패에 대한 보고도 다양하며, 그 중 지대나사의 풀림현상이 가장 흔하다고 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 외부연결구조와 내부연결구조 임플랜트에 의해 지지되는 상부 구조물을 나사로 연결할 때, 세 가지 나사조임순서와 두 가지 나사조임방법에 따른 나사의 풀림 토크값을 비교하여 나사조임순서와 나사조임방법이 서로 다른 연결구조에 따라 나사풀림현상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 완전 무치악 하악모형을 자가중합형 아크릴릭 레진으로 제작하고 이공간 부위에 중심간 거리가 약 15 mm 되도록 네 개의 임플랜트 고정체 유사체를 고정한 후 바 타입으로 납형 형성하여 상부 구조물을 주조 제작하였다. 상부 구조물과 정확한 적합이 되는 주모형을 제작한 후 연결 인상법으로 외부연결구조, 내부연결구조를 가지는 연구모형을 각각 5개씩 제작하였다. 각 모형에서 각 나사의 풀림 토크값을 가장 왼쪽에 조여지는 나사를 1번 나사로 하고 가장 오른쪽의 나사를 4번 나사로 명명하였다. 먼저, 나사조임순서의 영향을 알아보기 위해 1-2-3-4, 2-3-1-4, 2-4-3-1의 순서로 15 Ncm의 힘으로 조이고, 다시 같은 순서로 최종 조임토크값인 30 Ncm까지 조인 후 (2-step 방법) 각 나사의 풀림 토크값을 측정하였다. 또한 나사조임방법의 영향을 알아보기 위해 2-3-1-4의 순서로 한 번에 최종 조임토크값인 30 Ncm까지 조인 후 (1-step 방법) 각 나사의 풀림 토크값을 측정하여 같은 순서 (2-3-1-4)의 2-step 방법과 비교하였다. 세 가지 나사조임순서에 따른 나사의 풀림 토크값은 외부연결구조에서 2-3-1-4군이 2-4-3-1군보다 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 그리고 내부연결구조에서도 2-3-1-4군이 2-4-3-1군과 1-2-3-4군보다 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 또한 나사조임순서와 무관하게 몇 번째 조여진 나사인지에 따른 풀림 토크값을 비교해 본 결과, 외부연결구조에서는 처음에 조여진 나사가 두 번째 조여진 나사보다 유의하게 높았으나 (p<0.05), 내부연결구조에서는 처음에 조여진 나사에서부터 마지막에 조여진 나사 간에 차이가 없었다. 그리고 두 가지 나사조임방법 간에는 외부연결구조와 내부연결구조 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 연결구조에 대한 비교에서 외부연결구조와 내부연결구조의 풀림 토크값은 각각 16.27 Ncm, 14.25 Ncm 였으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p<0.05). 다수 임플랜트에 의해 지지되는 상부 구조물을 나사로 연결할 때, 나사조임순서에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 가운데부터 조인 경우에서 풀림 토크값이 낮았고, 연결구조 간에도 차이가 있었다. 풀림 토크값에 미치는 요인에 대해 좀 더 상세히 분석할 필요가 있으며, 하중 조건에서의 부가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.496-508
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the long-term survival rate and peri-implant marginal bone loss between different types of dental implant-abutment connections. Methods: Implants with external or internal abutment connections, which were fitted at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital from November 2011 to December 2015 and followed up for >5 years, were retrospectively investigated. Cumulative survival rates were evaluated for >5 years, and peri-implant marginal bone loss was evaluated at 1- and 5-year follow-up examinations after functional loading. Results: The 8-year cumulative survival rates were 93.3% and 90.7% in the external and internal connection types, respectively (P=0.353). The mean values of marginal bone loss were 1.23 mm (external) and 0.72 mm (internal) (P<0.001) after 1 year of loading, and 1.20 mm and 1.00 mm for external and internal abutment connections, respectively (P=0.137) after 5 years. Implant length (longer, P=0.018), smoking status (heavy, P=0.001), and prosthetic type (bridge, P=0.004) were associated with significantly greater marginal bone loss, and the use of screw-cement-retained prosthesis was significantly associated (P=0.027) with less marginal bone loss. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between implants with external and internal abutment connections. After 1 year of loading, marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with an external abutment connection. However, no significant difference between the external and internal connection groups was found after 5 years. Both types of abutment connections are viable treatment options for the reconstruction of partially edentulous ridges.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2016

Because of the random characteristics of lightning, the Monte Carlo method is applied to estimate the flashover rate due to lightning, however, the simulations using previous methods are difficult to both beginner and expert in power corporations. Therefore, this paper proposes the new and easy method to simulate the flashover rate by connection of electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) and MATLAB. The magnitude of a lightning strike is based on a curve measured in the field, while the classification of direct and indirect lightning depends on the striking distance. In a Korean distribution system, the flashover rate induced by lightning is simulated using proposed method. Simulations of the footing resistance according to the existence of an overhead ground wire (OHGW) are performed and the simulation results are discussed. The simulation results are compared with findings obtained with the IEEE Flash 2.0 program.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2014

As the space of the wind power generator stator end is limited, it is difficult for us to place the inner evaporative cooling system in it. We use the non-overlapping concentrated windings scheme to solve the placing and cooling problem. The characteristic of a 5MW direct-driven permanent magnet generator with non-overlapping concentrated windings were analyzed under no-load, rating-load and short-circuit by (Finite Element Method) FEM for verification of design. We studied the connection methods of the stator windings and designed the end connection member. The heat dissipation of the stator end was simulated by FEM, the result showed that the end cooling could satisfy the wind generator operation needs. These results show that the direct-driven permanent magnet wind power generators with non-overlapping concentrated windings and inner evaporative cooling system can solve the cooling problem of wind power generator, and obtain good performance at the same time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2023

The composite beam connections often encountered fracture failure in the welded bottom flange joint, and a bottom flange bolted connection has been proposed to increase the deformation ability of the bottom flange joint. The seismic performance of the bottom flange bolted composite beam connection was suffered from both the composite action of concrete slab and the asymmetric load transfer mechanisms between top and bottom beam flange joints. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive numerical study on the working mechanism of the bottom flange bolted composite beam connections. Three available modelling methods and a new modelling method on the flange-stud-slab interactions were compared. The efficient numerical modeling method was selected and then applied to the parametric study. The influence of the composite slab, the bottom flange bolts, the shear composite ratio and the web hole shape on the seismic performance of the bottom flange bolted composite beam connections were investigated. A hogging strength calculation method was then proposed based on numerical results.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2023

For fast-built and safe precast concrete (PC) construction, the dry mechanical splicing method is a critical technique that enables a self-sustaining system (SSS) during construction with no temporary support and minimizes onsite jobs. However, due to limited experimental evidence, traditional wet splicing methods are still dominantly adopted in the domestic precast industry. For PC beam-column connections, the current design code requires achieving emulative connection performances and corresponding structural integrity to be comparable with typical reinforced concrete (RC) systems with monolithic connections. To this end, this study conducted the standard material tests on mechanical splices to check their satisfactory performance as the Type 2 mechanical splice specified in the ACI 318 code. Two PC beam-column connection specimens with dry mechanical splices and an RC control specimen as the special moment frame were subsequently fabricated and tested under lateral reversed cyclic loadings. Test results showed that the seismic performances of all the PC specimens were fully comparable to the RC specimen in terms of strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, drift capacity, and failure mode, and their hysteresis responses showed a mitigated pinching effect compared to the control RC specimen. The seismic performances of the PC and RC specimens were evaluated quantitatively based on the ACI 374 report, and it appeared that all the test specimens fully satisfied the seismic performance criteria as a code-compliant special moment frame system.