• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.138-147
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• 2007

Metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions occuning within a cell and can be used for drug development and understanding of life phenomenon. Many biologists are trying to extract metabolic pathway information from huge literatures for their metabolic-circuit regulation study. We propose a text-mining technique based on the keyword and pattern. Proposed technique utilizes a web robot to collect huge papers and stores them into a local database. We use gene ontology to increase compound recognition rate and NCBI Tokenizer library to recognize useful information without compound destruction. Furthermore, we obtain useful sentence patterns representing metabolic pathway from papers and KEGG database. We have extracted 66 patterns in 20,000 documents for Glycosphingolipid species from KEGG, a representative metabolic database. We verify our system for nineteen compounds in Glycosphingolipid species. The result shows that the recall is 95.1%, the precision 96.3%, and the processing time 15 seconds. Proposed text mining system is expected to be used for metabolic pathway reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Objectives: Postoperative pain is one of postoperative complications in patients with solid tumor. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for postoperative pain in solid tumor. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using acupuncture for postoperative pain in adult patients with solid tumor up to September 2016. Acupuncture was defined as manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture and pharmacopuncture. The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KoreaMed, Kmbase, KISS, NDSL, KISTI. The results of the studies were meta-analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed. Results: Five studies were included in this review. When acupuncture was compared with usual care, Prince-Henry pain scale score was significantly lower in acupuncture group (MD=-0.44, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.26, P<0.001, $I^2=87%$) and 10 points pain score (including Numeric Rating Scale and Visual Analog Scale) was lower in acupuncture group but not significantly (MD=-1.00, 95% CI: -2.00 to -0.00, p=0.05). When acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture, 10 points pain score was significantly lower in acupuncture group (MD=-0.39, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.14, p=0.002, $I^2=0%$). Any serious adverse events were not reported. Conclusion: This review shows that acupuncture may be considered for postoperative pain in patients with solid tumor without serious adverse events. However, only a few studies were included in this study, further investigation is needed in this area.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

The epidermis which is stratified by epithelial tissue renewal based on keratinocyte differentiation protects the organism from various environmental insults by forming a physical barrier. Autophagy is a mechanism which mediates lysosomal delivery and degradation of protein aggregates, damaged organelles and intracellular microorganisms. Recent reports have shown that autophagy has critical roles for proper terminal differentiation to stratum corneum via removing metabolic organelles and nuclei. However, whether increasing autophagy can activate epidermal differentiation is unknown. Here, we screened a library of natural single compounds and discovered that betaine specifically increased the LC3 positive cytosolic punctate vesicles and LC3-I to LC3-II conversion in HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, indicating increased autophagy flux. mTOR pathway, which negatively regulates autophagy, was not affected by betaine treatment, suggesting betaine-induced autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. Betaine-induced autophagy was also observed in primary human keratinocyte and skin equivalent. Furthermore, epidermal thickness was increased in skin equivalent under betaine treatment. Overall, our finding suggests that betaine as a novel regulator of autophagy may induce epidermal turnover and improve the skin barrier abnormality of the aged epidermis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.430-439
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• 2004

This paper describes a design of 8192/2048-point FFT/IFFT processor (CFFT8k2k), which performs multi-carrier modulation/demodulation in OFDM-based DVB-T receiver. Since a large size FFT requires a large buffer memory, two design techniques are considered to achieve memory-efficient implementation of 8192-point FFT/IFFT. A hybrid structure, which is composed of radix-4 single-path delay feedback (R4SDF) and radix-4 single-path delay commutator (R4SDC), reduces its memory by 20% compared to R4SDC structure. In addition, a memory reduction of about 24% is achieved by a novel two-step convergent block floating-point scaling. As a result, it requires only 57% of memory used in conventional design, reducing chip area and power consumption. The CFFT8k2k core is designed in Verilog-HDL, and has about 102,000 Bates, RAM of 292k bits, and ROM of 39k bits. Using gate-level netlist with SDF which is synthesized using a $0.25-{\um}m$ CMOS library, timing simulation show that it can safely operate with 50-MHz clock at 2.5-V supply, resulting that a 8192-point FFT/IFFT can be computed every 164-${\mu}\textrm{s}$. The functionality of the core is fully verified by FPGA implementation, and the average SQNR of 60-㏈ is achieved.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 2021

Peach flesh color is commercially important criteria for classification and has implications for nutritional quality. To breed new yellow-fleshed peach cultivar many cross seedlings and generations should be maintained. Therefore it is necessary to develop early selection molecular markers for screening cross seedlings and germplasm with economically important traits to increase breeding efficiency. For the comparison of transcription profiles in peach varieties with a different flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between yellow-fleshed peach cultivar, 'Changhowon Hwangdo' and white-fleshed peach cultivar, 'Mibaekdo' were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the two varieties was selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. Putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened from peach EST contigs by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, SNP ID ppa002847m:cds and ppa002540m:cds displayed specific difference between 17 yellow-fleshed and 21 white-fleshed peach varieties. The SNP markers for distinguishing yellow and white fleshed peach varieties by HRM analysis offers the opportunity to use early selection. This SNP markers could be useful for marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in peach varieties.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1303-1313
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• 2022

Objective: The current study aimed to perform whole-genome resequencing of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds including Ujimqin, Sunit, and Wu Ranke sheep breeds (UJMQ, SNT, WRK) and deeply analyze genetic variation, population structure, domestication, and selection for domestication traits among these Mongolian sheep breeds. Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 60 individuals comprising 20 WRK, 20 UJMQ, and 20 SNT. For genome sequencing, about 1.5 ㎍ of genomic DNA was used for library construction with an insert size of about 350 bp. Pair-end sequencing were performed on Illumina NovaSeq platform, with the read length of 150 bp at each end. We then investigated the domestication and signatures of selection in these sheep breeds. Results: According to the population and demographic analyses, WRK and SNT populations were very similar, which were different from UJMQ populations. Genome wide association study identified 468 and 779 significant loci from SNT vs UJMQ, and UJMQ vs WRK, respectively. However, only 3 loci were identified from SNT vs WRK. Genomic comparison and selective sweep analysis among these sheep breeds suggested that genes associated with regulation of secretion, metabolic pathways including estrogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and neuron development have undergone strong selection during domestication. Conclusion: Our findings will facilitate the understanding of Chinese indigenous Mongolian sheep breeds domestication and selection for complex traits and provide a valuable genomic resource for future studies of sheep and other domestic animal breeding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.842-850
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• 2023

Pyrrolnitrin, pyrrolomycin, and pyoluteorin are functional halogenated phenylpyrrole derivatives (HPDs) derived from microorganisms with diverse antimicrobial activities. Pyrrolnitrin is a secondary metabolite produced from L-tryptophan through four-step reactions in Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia plymuthica, etc. It is currently used for the treatment of superficial dermatophytic fungal infections, has high antagonistic activities against soil-borne and foliar fungal infections, and has many industrial applications. Since pyrrolnitrin is easily decomposed by light, it is difficult to widely use it outdoors. As an alternative, fludioxonil, a synthetically produced non-systemic surface fungicide that is structurally similar and has excellent light stability, has been commercialized for seed and foliar treatment of plants. However, due to its high toxicity to aquatic organisms and adverse effects in human cell lines, many countries have established maximum residue levels and strictly control its levels. Pyrrolomycin and pyoluteorin, which have antibiotic/antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria and high anti-oomycete activity against the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum, respectively, were isolated and identified from microorganisms. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and production of natural pyrrolnitrin derived from bacteria and the characteristics of synthetic fludioxonil and other natural phenylpyrrole derivatives among the HPDs. We expect that a plethora of highly effective, novel HPDs that are safe for humans and environments will be developed through the generation of an HPD library by microbial biosynthesis and chemical synthesis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

We generated 57,598 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from 3 cDNA libraries of Hanwooo (Korean Cattle), fat, loin, liver. Liver, intermuscular fat and longissimus dorsi tissues were obtained from a 24-month-old Hanwoo steer immediately after slaughter. cDNA library was constructed according to the oligocapped method. The EST data were clustered and assembled into unique sequences, 4,759 contigs and 7,587 singletons. To carry out functional analysis, Gene Ontology annotation and identification of significant leaf nodes were performed that were detected by searching significant p-values from $2^{nd}$ level GO terms to leaf nodes using Bonferroni correction. We found that 13, 26 and 8 significant leaf nodes are unique in the transcripts according to 3 GO categories, molecular function, biological process and cellular component. Also digital gene expression profiling using the Audic's test was performed and tissue specific genes were detected in the above 3 libraries.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

The aim of this review is to investigate clinical studies on oriental medicine treatment for obesity in Korean literature and to propose for the better method of clinical studies in order to seek more effective treatment. Electric searches were performed with NDSL, National assembly library, RISS4U, DBPIA, KISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, Korean traditional knowledge portal and Oasis. Also, 21 major journals associated with oriental medicine in Korea were searched manually. Eighty three studies were included and analyzed in terms of study design, subjects, interventions, results and evaluation of safety. The numbers of controlled, non-controlled and case studies are respectively 26(31%), 43(52%) and 14(17%). Studies using sample size less than 30 accounts for 49% and studies using subjects diagnosed as obese or overweight by specific criteria were 35(42%). Studies which used more than 2 interventions or co-interventions were 76%. Clinical studies which used single herbal medicine were few and clinically studied single herbal medicine were limited to ephedra. More than half of 83 studies were studied for 8 weeks and less. 12% of 69 studies(except case studies) were not statistically analyzed and studies which evaluated safety of intervention were 22(27%) and reported adverse events were 9(11%). To improve the quality of clinical studies on oriental medicine treatment for obesity, studies need to use restricted number of interventions and subjects need to specifically diagnosed as overweight or obese. In addition, various kinds of single herbs need to be clinically studied based on experimental studies and herbalogy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-115
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• 2011

A large and reliable citation database is necessary to identify and analyze citation behavior of Korean researchers in science and technology. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) built the Korea Science Citation Database (KSCD), and have provided Korea Science Citation Index (KSCI) and Korea Journal Citation Reports (KJCR) services. In this article, citing behavior of Korean scientists on Korean journals was examined by using the KSCD that covers 459 Korean core journals. This research dealt with (1) statistical numeric information of journals in KSCD, (2) analysis of document types cited, (3) ratio of domestic to international documents cited and ratio of citing different disciplines, (4) analysis on immediacy index, peak time, and half-life of cited documents, and (5) analysis on impact of journals based on KJCR citation indicators. From this research, we could find the immediacy citation rate (average 2.36%), peak-time (average 1.7 years) and half-life (average 5.2 years) of cited journals in Korea. We also found that the average journal self-citation rate is more than 50% in every field. In sum, citing behavior of Korean scientists on Korean journals was comprehensively identified from this research.