• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2008

This study is to examine the meaning of death, the level of death anxiety, and the aspect of death anxiety that the aged have. For this, a quantitative research subjecting 532 of the aged living in local area, Jeollabuk-do was carried out. And among those 532 questionnaires, 10 were subjected for depth interview. The following is a summary of the result from this study. First, the meaning of death for the aged is classified into three classes as positive, neutral and negative meaning. Among these, there were far greater numbers of the aged who put neutral or negative meanings on their death than the positive one. Second, death anxiety of the aged are divided into three factors: 'annihilation anxiety', 'process anxiety', and 'afterdeath anxiety'. The factor that involves death anxiety the most was process anxiety, then afterdeath anxiety, and annihilation anxiety, in the order. Third, as a result of classifying the feature of death anxiety in the aged into the symptoms of death anxiety and the motive of recognizing death anxiety. Death anxiety is classified into the people with symptoms and those without symptoms, and those with certain symptoms are classified into the physical symptoms and the mental symptoms. The motive of recognizing death anxiety appeared when the individual is aged, experiences the death of other people, suffers physical pains, and when there is a mental loneliness.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a descriptive research study that investigates nurses' beliefs concerning death anxiety and spirituality. Method: The subjects were 150 nurses working at general hospitals located in Busan city. Data collection was carried out from October 15 to November 30, 2008. The study used a 'Death Anxiety Scale' and a 'Korean Spirituality Scale.' The collected data was analyzed for frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SPSS/WIN 17.0. Result: The level of death anxiety of the subjects averaged 3.25. In each sub-factor, 'awareness of shortness of time' was the highest at 3.57 points. Spirituality level of the subjects averaged 3.51. In each sub-factor, meaning and purpose of life was the highest at 3.70 points. In differences of death anxiety followed by general characteristics, there were significant differences according to age, and educational level. For spirituality, followed by general characteristics, there were significant differences according to age, educational level, religion, working period, and understanding about death and spirituality. There was a weak inverse correlation among fear for accidents involved with death, total spirituality level and meaning, and purpose of life. Conclusion: Future research should examine relations between nurses' death anxiety and spirituality level through random sampling and research to check psychological and social variables that influence death anxiety and spirituality. Development of a program to lessen nurses' death anxiety and to raise their spirituality level would be prudent.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intention to use advance directives and level of death anxiety in community-dwelling elders. Method: The participants were 200 older adults who were aged 60 or over and attended the community welfare centers. The level intention to use advance directive was measured by a questionnaire that was developed by the authors for the study. The measure by Kraus and Ellisond was administered to evaluate the level of death anxiety. Result: The average score for intention to use advance directives was $2.05{\pm}0.88$ and that of death anxiety was $6.2{\pm}2.28$. There were significant differences in the intention to use advance directives according to education levels and individual properties. Although there was no significant relationship between the intention to use advance directives and the level of death anxiety, they were negatively associated. Therefore, older adults who had lower death anxiety would tend to use advance directives. Conclusion: It would be necessary to screening the level of death anxiety to promote use of the advance directives. In addition, education programs for advance directives would be essential to consider about advance directives for their end-of-life especially for the community-dwelling elderly in Korea.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 암환자를 돌보는 간호사들을 대상으로 간호사의 영성, 죽음불안 및 소진 정도를 확인하고, 세 변수들간의 관계를 파악하고자 한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 방법: 대상자는 서울에 소재하는 일개 암 전문 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사 210명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료는 2012년 4월부터 6월까지 수집하였으며, 수집한자료는 SPSS 19.0 program을 사용하여 t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff'e test, Pearson's correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 결과: 영성은 6점 만점에 평균 3.51점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 삶의 의미와 목적, 관계성, 내적 자원, 초월성 순으로 높았다. 죽음불안은 5점 만점에 평균 3.22점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 죽음의 부인, 짧은 시간 지각, 죽음에 대한 두려움, 죽음 연관 문제에 대한 두려움 순으로 높았다. 소진 정도는 7점 만점에 평균 4.10점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 정서적 소모, 비 인간화, 개인적 성취감 감소 순으로 높았다. 영성은 죽음불안(r=-0.327, P=0.01)과 소진 정도(r=-0.690, P=0.01)에 역상관관계가 있었으며, 소진은 죽음불안(r=0.550, P=0.01)과 정상관 관계가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 간호사들의 영성을 높이고, 그들의 죽음불안과 소진 정도를 낮출 수 있는 영적 중재를 제공하는 것을 제안한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the level of subjective health status, religiosity and the fear of death of the elderly and to identify the relationships among them. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire. Fear of Death Scale that was made by Loo & Shea (1996) and translated and revised by Kim(2003) was used to measure the fear of death. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The subject was 128 community dwelling elders who had a religion. Of the respondents, 50% felt 'not healthy', and 69.5% was moderately religious. The mean score of FODS was 3.18 (out of 5). The mean score of each subcategory of FODS was as follows: Death anxiety about the death of self was 3.00. Death anxiety about the dying of self was 3.18. Death anxiety about the death of others was 3.31 and death anxiety about the dying of others was 3.23. There was a statistically significance correlation between the level of religiosity and FODS (F=3.29, p= .040). Conclusion: Health professionals may make efforts to learn about healthy attitudes toward death and aid for the elderly and to comfort them. Death education programs are needed for the elderly.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2019

본 연구는 배우자 사별여부와 복잡성비애 수준이 노인의 죽음불안에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 죽음불안을 완화할 수 있는 개입방안을 제안하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 분석에 사용된 연구표본은 2014년 춘천노인생활실태 조사 자료의 65세 이상 노인 1,998명이다. 종속변수는 죽음불안(DAS-K), 독립변수는 배우자 사별여부와 복잡성비애(ICG-K) 수준이며, 인구·사회학적 변수와 건강관련 변수를 통제한 후 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 배우자 사별경험이 없는 집단에 비해 정상 비애군(normal grief)은 죽음불안 수준이 낮으며(p<.05), 복잡성 비애군(complicated grief)은 죽음불안 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 즉, 죽음불안에 가장 위험한 요인은 '배우자 사별'보다는 '복잡성 비애'라고 할 수 있다. 사별 자체는 보편적인 경험이라고 해도 사별 후 나타날 수 있는 증상이나 증상의 심각도 및 지속기간은 보편적이지 않을 수 있다. 그러므로 죽음불안에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 복잡성비애에 대한 관리가 중요하며, 이를 위해서 사별자 대상 상실·애도프로그램과 사별자 자조모임 등이 확산될 필요가 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.482-493
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare and identify the mediating effect of family communication in the impact of death anxiety and personal meanings of death on the attitude of dignified death near the end-of-life among Korean mid-life and old people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 287 mid-life and old people in Seoul, Busan, and Daegu City. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were standardized instruments from November 2010 to March 2011. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 14. Results: The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences in level of death anxiety, personal meaning of death, and the dignified death between mid-age and old-age people. In addition, family communication had full mediating effects among the mid-age, while it had partial mediating effects among the old-age in the relationships between death anxiety, personal meaning of death, and the attitude of dignified death. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, implications for the intervention of the dignified death and preferences for care near the end-of-life among mid-life and old people and recommendations of further study were provided.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed at understanding the correlation between self-esteem, death anxiety, and spiritual wellbeing in university students. Methods: Cross-sectional method was used 671 students in South Korea. This study used the Self-esteem developed by Rosenberg, the Fear of Death Scale revised by Lester and Abdel-Khalek, and Spiritual wellbeing developed by Paloutzian and Ellison. Results: Relationships between self-esteem, death anxiety, and spiritual wellbeing revealed an inverse correlation between self-esteem and death anxiety, and a direct correlation between self-esteem and spiritual wellbeing. Conclusion: In order for students of establishing identity to lead a healthy life, there is a need for studies aiming at developing, implementing, and evaluating the results of consultation and education programs for maintaining spiritual wellbeing such as psychological counseling and logotherapy at the university or regional community level.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

The purposes or this study were to compare and analyze the differences between the elderly in their own home and those in facilities in terms of their self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and psychological characteristics. The subjects were the 386 elderly over 55 living in home and in facilities, free or paid. They had no physical or cognitive disabilities and were living in Daegu city, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam province. There were significant differences in self-esteem, death anxiety, depression level and the path to depression between the two elderly groups with the elderly in facilities showing negative aspects of psychological characteristics. The problems of caregiving for the elderly should be covered by social welfare.