• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.370-377
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• 2014

There are very few studies about soil chemical and biological properties under tropical dry evergreen forest Coromandel Coast, India. The present study was conducted in six tropical dry evergreen forests sites such as Oorani, Puthupet, Vadaagram, Kotthatai, Sendrakillai and Palvathunnan. We measured the quantity of soil chemical, biological properties and selected soil microorganisms for investigating the impacts of soil microbial populations on soil chemical and biological properties. The result showed that total N, P, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, exchangeable K, Olson P, extractable Ca and phosphobacterial population were higher in the soil from Kothattai forest site. Organic carbon, total Mg, extractable Na, soil respiration, ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity, bacterial population, fungi population and actinomycetes population were higher in the soil from Palvathunn forest site. Total K, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_3{^-}$-N, exchangeable K, extractable Ca, extractable Na, azotobacter population, bacillus population and rhizobacteria population were higher in the soil from Sendrakillai. Beijerinckia population, rhizobacteria and soluble sodium were higher in Puthupet forest soil. Total Si, total Na and exchangeable K were higher in soil from Oorani forest site. Total Mo and exchangeable K were higher in the soil from Vadaagaram forest site. The results showed that organic carbon, total N, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_3{^-}$-N, extractable P, extractable Ca, soil respiration and ${\beta}$-glucosidase were significantly correlated with soil microbial populations. Therefore soil microorganisms are important factor for maintaining soil quality in tropical dry evergreen forest.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.408-420
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an invaluable medicinal plant containing various bioactive metabolites (e.g., ginsenosides). Owing to its long cultivation period, ginseng is vulnerable to various biotic constraints. Biological control using endophytes is an important alternative to chemical control. Methods: In this study, endophytic Trichoderma citrinoviride PG87, isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng, was evaluated for biocontrol activity against six major ginseng pathogens. T. citrinoviride exhibited antagonistic activity with mycoparasitism against all ginseng pathogens, with high endo-1,4-${\beta}$-D-glucanase activity. Results: T. citrinoviride inoculation significantly reduced the disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea and Cylindrocarpon destructans and induced ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng plants. T. citrinoviride was formulated as dustable powder and granules. The formulated agents also exhibited significant biocontrol activity and induced ginsenosides production in the controlled environment and mountain area. Conclusion: Our results revealed that T. citrinoviride has great potential as a biological control agent and elicitor of ginsenoside production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

In this study, the validity of the forest therapy process, in which forest activities using forest therapy factors lead to immunity promotion and health promotion, was analyzed theoretically and qualitatively to refine and systemize the forest therapy concept. Research and analysis data were collected from the websites of institutions related to forest therapy; 33 theses and 33 original research articles from 2000 to March 2020 were searched for forest therapy key words, as well as the prize winning work of the 2016 forest therapy experience essay. A word cloud was generated by frequency of nouns and adjectives and from the key words in the web pages, theses, articles, and the forest therapy experience essay. Through interpretation of word frequency, the systemic flow of forest therapy was defined. The results suggest that the source of forest therapy's power was a positive experience of the forest and an improved attitude toward nature as well as forest therapeutic factors. The therapeutic effect is maximized through the forest healing program, leading to physical and mental resilience and resistance; consequently, health and immunity are promoted. From this study, forest therapy is proposed as "a health promotion activity for the psychological, physical, and spiritual resilience of the subjects through various environmental factors of the forest, positive experiences, and attitudes toward the forest."

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

In this study, we collected rhizosphere soils and root samples from a post-mining area and a natural forest area in Jecheon, Korea. We extracted spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizospheres, and then examined the sequences of 18S rDNA genes of the AMF from the collected roots of plants. We compared the AMF communities in the post-mining area and the natural forest area by sequence analysis of the AMF spores from soils and of the AMF clones from roots. Consequently, we confirmed that the structure of AMF communities varied between the post-mining area and the natural forest area and showed significant relationship with heavy metal contents in soils. These results suggest that heavy metal contamination by mining activity significantly affects the AMF community structure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2012

The outer bark of Prunus sargentii was collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone. Then it was successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc soluble fraction, four compounds were isolated by the repeated Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The isolated compounds were determined as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), taxifolin (3), and neosakuranin (4) by the spectroscopic analysis including $^1H$, $^{13}C$-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectrometers. The antioxidative activities on the isolated compounds and the separated fractions were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The crude, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ soluble fractions indicated good antioxidative potential compared to the $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-hexane soluble fractions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2024

This study aimed to verify the healing effect through brain and pulse wave analyses before and after a forest walk to the university students. Bio-signals of brain and pulse waves were measured using Omnifit Mindcare. After analyzing four brain wave items such as concentration and four pulse wave items such as heart health, it is identified that the stress level of university students was higher than that of the general public, and the brain stress level was approached to the normal range for 19 people with clear improvement. For pulse waves, a statistically significant decrease in sympathetic nerve activity (%) was confirmed. Although the slight fluctuations within the normal range were caused by short term and individual differences, it showed that the forest walking is partially effect on the relieving stress.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

Roridin E, produced by Podostroma cornu-damae, is a mycotoxin with anticancer activity. To increase the content of roridin E, submerged culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Three factors, namely, medium initial pH, incubation time and agitation speed were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum submerged culture conditions to increase the content of roridin E included a medium with an initial pH of 4.0, an incubation time of 12.90 days, and an agitation speed of 63.03 rpm. The roridin E content in the submerged culture, under the aforementioned conditions, was 40.26 mg/L. The findings of this study can help lower the current price of roridin E and promote its related research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2009

This research was carried out to understand the actual condition of Forest Management Agency System, Cooperative Forest Program and People's Forest Program with Public Participation and to boost the program. To carry out a quantitative survey among selected 5 Regional Forest Service and 27 National Forest Office, we investigated the activity-awareness concepts of officers on Importance, Performance, and problems of program. As a results, the difference of understanding on National Forest Management System involved with the results of agreement achieved. Also most serious problem of Forest Management Agency System were the shortage of participation will and the limitation of security benefit. The prime reason for the program problem is lack of investment in People's Forest Program. The final results on survey of National Forest Management System with the Importance and Performance as followed. It indicated that I(Keep Up Good Work) have 5 Factors, II(Concentrate Here) have 2 Factors, III(Low Priority) have 6 Factors, and IV(Possible Overkill) have 2 Factors. Base on above investigation, we finally suggest that new organization exclusive responsible for the improvement of management and encouragement of Build Transfer Operate.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.487-492
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• 2005

This study demonstrated that the brown rot basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris was able to degrade crystalline cellulose (Avicel). This fungus could also produce the three major cellulases (exoglucanases, endoglucanases, and $\beta-glucosidase$) when the cells were grown on $2.0\%$ Avicel. Avicel degraded by F. palustris showed a decrease in relative crystallinity from $83\%\;to\;78.5\%$ after 14 days of incubation. The characterization study indicated that optimum pH was 4.5 and optimum temperature was $70^{\circ}C$ for exoglucanase (cellobiohydrolase) activity. Hydrolysis of Avicel by the crude enzyme from F. palustris yielded 1.6 mg/ml of glucose after 43 h, which corresponded to a cellulose conversion degree of $3.2\%$. Therefore, this study revealed for the first time that the brown rot basidiomycete F. palustris produces cellulases capable of yielding soluble sugars from crystalline cellulose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2023

In this study, the effect of sodium hypochlorite on biofilm removal was evaluated using three bacterial strains; Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus mutans, and Yersinia enterocolitica. For maximum biofilm removal in 10 min, sodium hypochlorite is required at 1.65, 0.83, and 0.41 g/l for A. hydrophila, S. mutans, and Y. enterocolitica, respectively. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite was increased by the biofilms of all three tested strains, while the change in bactericidal activity according to sodium hypochlorite concentration was strain-specific. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effective concentration of sodium hypochlorite required for hygiene, considering that higher concentrations are needed to remove biofilms than to kill cells.