• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.92-101
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and the current condition of musculoskeletal pain sufferers among fitness center users. The investigation used self-reporting questionnaire with the 797 subjects. On average, the subjects were 30.6 years old, 168.8 cm in height and 65.2 kg in weight. Among them, 423 were male (53.1%) and 374 were female (46.9%). Out of them, 276 suffered from pain, (35.2%). More men felt muscle aches than women (p<.05). In terms of pain, lower back area topped the list with 44.9%, followed by the lower extremities (30.1%), the neck (17.8%) and the upper part of the body (17.8%). Dieters suffered the most from pain (86.2%) while those exercising to build strength suffered the least with 26.8%. There was a significant relationship between the purpose for exercising and the amount of pain suffered (p<.05). By kind of exercise, pain stroke aerobic exercisers disproportionately with 42.4% while it almost steered clear of exercisers for strengthening with 26.9%. There was significant relationship between the kind of exercise and pain suffered (p<.05). The type of suffering differed by body shape. A significantly higher number of overweight people experienced pain than underweight people (p<.05). 32.8% of pain sufferers commented that the pain affects their workout, and on this issue there was no gender difference (p>.05). The pain caused more difficulties in doing activities of daily living for overweight or obese peoples than underweight peoples (p<.05). More than a third of health club and fitness center users are experiencing musculoskeletal pains. Measures such as professional training or information provision is required to prevent injury or disorder caused by improper exercise.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 1995

The effects of various 2, 4-D-degradative plasmids on the axenic growth patterns, the degradation phenotypes, and the competitiveness of different host bacteria were evaluated in liquid cultures; the organisms and plasmids used were Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134/pJP4, Alcaligenes paradoxus/p2811, Pseudomonas pickettii/p712, pJP4, and p712 or p 2811 exhibited very different restriction fragment profiles in restriction endonuclease digests. These plasmids were transferred to the recipients (P. cepacia and Alcaligenes JMP228) at relatively high frequencies ranging from 8.9 $\times$ 10$^3$ to 1.6 $\times$ 10$^5$ per donar cell. In the axenic liquid cultures the fast-growing strains, such as P. pseudomallei/p745 and P. cepacia/pJP4, exhibited short lag periods, high specific growth rates, and high relative fitness coefficients, while the slow-growing strains, such as P. pickettii/p712 and A. paradoxus/p2811, had long lag periods, low specific growth rates, and low relative fitness coefficients. Depending on the type of plasmid containing the genes for the 2, 4-D pathway, some transconjugants exhibited intermediate grwoth patterns between the fast-growing strains and the slow-growing strains. The plasmid and plasmid-host interactions determined specific growth rate and lag time, respectively, which were shown to be principal determinants of competitiveness among the strains, but relative fitness coefficient derived from the axenic culture was not always predictive for the mixed culture condition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1728-1737
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the types of exercise on the health-related fitness among the elderly women, and to provide the information for managing and preventing the chronic disease. 40 elderly women who living in the B metropolitan city participated in the study and randomly divided four groups(control, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise). The exercise groups performed 50 min, 3 times/week for 8 weeks at RPE 11-13. Low body strength, dynamic balance, static balance, and agility were significantly improved in all exercise groups after the intervention. Cardiovascular endurance was improved in aerobic and combined exercise groups. Consequently, any types of exercise could be improved the daily living fitness for elderly women if exercise intensity were the same. In addition, the combined exercise may be more suitable type of exercise for elderly.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of boxing combined training on cardiopulmonary function and health-related fitness in male college students over a period of eight weeks. Methods: Eighteen male students were randomly assigned to the following groups: boxing exercise (n=6), aerobic exercise e(n=6), and non-exercise (n=6). The exercise program was conducted for 50 minutes every three weeks, for a total of eight weeks. After eight weeks, the factors that affected the measurement variables were analyzed, and the following results were obtained. Results: Participants in the eight-week boxing exercise group and the aerobic exercise group showed significantly increased maximal oxygen, which was not observed in the control group. The body mass index decreased in the aerobic exercise group, but did not significantly differ between the boxing exercise and control groups. Body fat (%) and abdominal fat (%) significantly decreased in all exercise groups, but significantly increased in the control group. Skeletal muscle mass increased in the boxing exercise group, but did not significantly differ between the boxing, aerobic exercise, and control groups. Muscular strength and muscular endurance increased in both exercise group, but did not change in the control group. Flexibility showed no differences between the groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, an eight-week boxing exercise program for college students showed positive effects on cardiorespiratory function and health-related fitness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.459-468
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed in depth the students' health fitness trend characteristics based on the per generation characteristics longitudinal grade level document that was produced by collecting heath fitness measurements of students from all over the country for the purpose of exploring the appropriate wellness management plan. The following conclusion was derived through the collected materials and results according to the research purpose and method. First, it was determined that muscular endurance trends for both boys and girls in their elementary school period were similar for the current generation and the previous one, but as they went through their middle school period their muscular endurance development levels were found to be reduced compared with the previous generation students. Second, there was no difference in the cardiorespiratory endurance trends between the current and the previous generation students, unlike all other physical factors. Third, the boys displayed deteriorated reflex development during their growth period compared with their previous generation counterparts. On the other hand, girls displayed mostly stagnant development once they reached 8th grade level within their generation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.703-715
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of the 12-week comprehensive exercise program on the metabolic syndrome index and general health of overweight middle aged women. Before and after the exercise program, research participants were measured in metabolic syndrome index and health fitness. The measurements gathered before and after the exercise program were analyzed through SPSS 18.0 to calculate average and standard deviation of all response variables. To find changes in the response variables before and after the 12-week program, Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed at a significance level of ${\alpha}$=.05. The results of this research are as follows. The 12-week comprehensive exercise program has a positive impact on the metabolic index and health fitness of overweight middle-aged women.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2024

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effects of a brain spinning program on cognitive function, body composition, health related fitness and physical self-efficacy of children and adolescents. Methods : This study, 34 children and adolescents were selected and divided into two groups : the exercise group (n=16), which received a brain spinning program and the control group (n=16), which did not receive any exercise program. The program was conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for 4 weeks, and the cognitive function, body composition, health related fitness and physical self-efficacy were measured both before and after the program. Results : The exercise group, which received a brain spinning program showed a significant increase in short-term memory (p<.05) and working memory (p<.01), and muscle mass increased significantly only in the exercise group (p<.05). In addition, left grip strength increased in the exercise group (p<.01), and the maximum oxygen intake decreased significantly only in the control group (p<.05), and Sit-forward bend increased significantly only in the exercise group (p<.01). Physical self-efficacy significantly increased only in the exercise group (p<.05). Conclusion : In summary, short-term memory, cognitive efficiency, working memory, muscle mass, left grip strength, maximum oxygen intake, and left forward bending in children and adolescents significantly increased after the 4-week brain spinning program. However, the control group that was not provided with the 4-week brain spinning program showed a significant increase in body weight and a significant decrease in maximum oxygen intake. In conclusion, the 4-week brain spinning program has positive effects on short-term memory, cognitive function, muscle mass, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and physical self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes a bacteria cooperative optimization (BCO) method applying individuals's speed for the performance improvements. All individuals in existing BCO methods move the same length at the same time because their speeds are constant. These methods had the problem that the individuals couldn't find the global optimum effectively because good individuals and bad individuals had same speeds. In order to overcome this problem, we applied the speed concept to the BCO algorithm that individuals moved different lengths according to their speeds assigned by the ranks of individuals according to the fitness of individuals. That is to say, we provide high speeds to bad individuals with low fitness in order to fast move to the areas with high fitness and provide low speeds to good individuals with high fitness because they may be near global optimum. It was found from experimental results of four function optimization problems that the proposed method outperformed the existing methods. Our method showed better performances even than the rank replacement method. This means that applying speed concepts to the individuals for BCO is very effective and efficient.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2001

The Objectives of this research is to determine the effect of aerobic exercise program on health status and physical fitness in patients after the stem cell transplantation. This research design is one-group pretest-post test design. Sixteen subjects were selected from one university hospital in Seoul for the study, they was carried out aerobic exercise three to five times a week for 12 weeks. The period of data collection was from February to July, 2000. The collected data was analysed by descriptive analysis, paired t-test, content analysis SAS program was used for the statistical analysis. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant improvement in the Physical functioning, Vitality and Reported change (t=2.39, p=0.03; t=2.35, p=0.03; t=2.58, p=0.02) but no change was observed in the Role physical, General health perception, Bodily pain, Social functioning, Role emotional and Mental health. 2. There was a significant improvement in the physical fitness (higher VO2 max, t=2.43, p=0.02; lower systolic pressure, t=-4.09, p=0.001; lower diastolic pressure, t=-3.43, p=0.002; lower pulse rate, t=-3.43, p=0.004; higher muscle sustaining power, t=2.79, p=0.015; higher muscle power, t=5.18 p=0.000; higher power of beginning, t=5.55, p=0.001; higher the sense of equilibrium, t=3.57, p=0.003; higher Hemoglobin, t=5.92, p=0.000; higher Hematocrit, t=5.38, p=0.000). Therefore, this study will provide a theoretical back ground for patients after stem cell transplantation to understand the importance of physical exercise and maintain physical exercise; and for other researches to refer to the results for exercise protocol of rehabilitation program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.661-663
• /
• 2015

It is currently being used or being developed mobile fitness application systems associated with the most obese. These systems give or notify the user to reduce the weight, check your momentum to inform your calories burned. However, the accuracy is low because it provides and manages the common data without considering the individual characteristics or the environment of the user. In this paper analyzes the disadvantage of mobile fitness system. To solve this problem it presents the data sharing mechanism to alert you to the exercise equipment with the other users belonging to the BMI group, such as yourself. And it proposes the design of a mobile fitness system which is based on the data sharing mechanism.