• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 1990

The instantaneous friction in main bearings of a single cylinder diesel engine was determined by measuring the instantaneous angular velocity, calculating the resulting forces acting on the bearings, and solving the unsteady Reynolds equation in combination with the mobility method. The considered system consists of only the crankshaft with flywheel and oil pump. The thermal effects were not considered because of the short testing time. The tests were conducted using an electric start motor. The results indicated that when the bearing is not near equilibrium for very small speeds, simple film lubrication theories are not accurate. The details of grooves and unsteady terms in the Reynolds equation cannot be ignored for increasing efficiency of instantaneous friction calculation of the engine bearings. The effects of speed on instantaneous friction and energy lost in friction were determined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1153-1164
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the creative visual expression in fashion illustration through the previous general theories on creativity. The creative visual expression, in fashion illustration works, can be summarized eight categories as follows. There are 'maximization & minimization'to emphasize the illustrators'emotions and contemporary trends, proposed specially in body expression, 'inversion' seen as the forms of contra-perspective, upside-down, rearrangement of parts, diverted process, etc, 'Unusual uses'to add the effect of caricature, parody, and humor to the fashion illustration works, 'extraordinary connection'seen as the shapes of various combination between animals, plants, stuff, and man, 'concealment & elimination'used frequently in creative visual expression includes a deformed human body, an abstracted human body, an extreme value contrast, simple colors, and dress in silhouette, 'association'seen in various methods; comparing the similar shapes, describing a certain situation or details for analogizing the whole, ‘illusion’ expressed in surreal, mysterious, and fairy depictions and 'substitution'to imitate the composition and colors of masterpieces, copy the parts.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.249-257
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• 2023

This paper discusses the increasing need for autonomous delivery robots due to the current growth in the delivery market, rising delivery fees, high costs of hiring delivery personnel, and the need for contactless services. Additionally, the cost of hardware and complex software systems required to build and operate autonomous delivery robots is high. To provide a low-cost alternative to this, this paper proposes a autonomous delivery robot platform using a low-cost sensor combination of 2D LIDAR, depth camera and tracking camera to replace the existing expensive 3D LIDAR. The proposed robot was developed using the RTAB-Map SLAM open source package for 2D mapping and overcomes the limitations of low-cost sensors by using the convex hull algorithm. The paper details the hardware and software configuration of the robot and presents the results of driving experiments. The proposed platform has significant potential for various industries, including the delivery and other industries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

This paper investigates the effect of ductile deformation behavior of high performance hybrid fiber-reinforced cement composites (HPHFRCCs) on the shear behavior of coupling beams to lateral load reversals. The matrix ductility and the reinforcement layout were the main variables of the tests. Three short coupling beams with two different reinforcement arrangements and matrixes were tested. They were subjected to cyclic loading by a suitable experimental setup. All specimens were characterized by a shear span-depth ratio of 1.0. The reinforcement layouts consisted of a classical scheme and diagonal scheme without confining ties. The effects of matrix ductility on deflections, strains, crack widths, crack patterns, failure modes, and ultimate shear load of coupling beams have been examined. The combination of a ductile cementitious matrix and steel reinforcement is found to result in improved energy dissipation capacity, simplification of reinforcement details, and damage-tolerant inelastic deformation behavior. Test results showed that the HPFRCC coupling beams behaved better than normal reinforced concrete control beams. These results were produced by HPHFRCC's tensile deformation capacity, damage tolerance and tensile strength.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to identify the structural characteristics of open housing typologically and systematically. The main method of this study was content analysis and literature review on open housing. This study found that the typological analysis on terminology and the details of the constituents concerning structural patterns in open housing indicated that the main approaches were classified into three criteria such as 'Organization Element', 'Construction Element', and 'Equipment Element'. Organization Element was classified into 'Main Dwelling Unit Area and its Form', 'Room Organization Method', 'Relationship with the Main Dwelling Unit's External Constituents', and 'Combination Method of Support and Infill'. Construction Element was classified into 'Method of Structure' and 'Structural Element Technology'. Equipment Element was classified into 'Method of Using Duct' and 'Wet Zone Method'. The attributes were determined based on these classifications. The results of this study can be used to construct an evaluation tool and further to develop a framework in understanding open housing. Technical research should be conducted on the variables that affect the flexibility of space.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1582-1590
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• 2022

Due to the situation of the widespread of the coronavirus, which causes the problem of lack of face image data occluded by masks at recent time, in order to solve the related problems, this paper proposes a method to generate face images with masks using a combination of generative adversarial networks and spatial transformation networks based on CNN model. The system we proposed in this paper is based on the GAN, combined with multi-scale convolution kernels to extract features at different details of the human face images, and used Wasserstein divergence as the measure of the distance between real samples and synthetic samples in order to optimize Generator performance. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively put masks on face images with high efficiency and fast reaction time and the synthesized human face images are pretty natural and real.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

This paper purports to find the characteristics of blue costumes as expressed in modern fashion. As such, we made an empirical analysis, using 436 works from 2006 S/S through 2010 F/W collections. Result indicated that modernness was emphasized by applying a minimum expressive technique to items of a simple form, and an image of simplicity was emphasized by placing focus on the rational color image of blue. Second, images of blue, such as trust, stability, and success were expressed as refined elegance through the combination of tight silhouettes, glossy and translucent materials, and indirect exposure. Third, natural image was expressed through natural silhouettes, soft or natural materials, gradation of various tones, and natural motif decorations as well as the color itself. Fourth, dynamic image was expressed by introducing fashion items, mostly worn by men only, to simple and tight forms or through the inspiration of a masculine fashion image. Fifth, abstinent image was expressed by using an image of religious apparel or symbols, covering up the body, minimizing details, and using a dark blue tone.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.573-578
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• 2001

In order to apply a precast deck to continuous composite bridges, several experiments and analytical studies were performed. Design criterion for crack prevention should be such that it does not permit tension at the joint to occur when the service loads are applied. Details of the shear pocket for studs and material properties of filler in the pocket and the joint are very important considerations in design and construction. Combination of longitudinal prestressing methods, internal tendon and prestressing after shear connection, should be used for prevention of cracking in continuous precast deck bridges. Design guides for the determination of prestressing force are suggested.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-86
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• 2014

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Animal models have been used to elucidate the details of the molecular mechanisms of various cancers. However, most inbred strains of mice have resistance to gastric carcinogenesis. Helicobacter infection and carcinogen treatment have been used to establish mouse models that exhibit phenotypes similar to those of human gastric cancer. A large number of transgenic and knockout mouse models of gastric cancer have been developed using genetic engineering. A combination of carcinogens and gene manipulation has been applied to facilitate development of advanced gastric cancer; however, it is rare for mouse models of gastric cancer to show aggressive, metastatic phenotypes required for preclinical studies. Here, we review current mouse models of gastric carcinogenesis and provide our perspectives on future developments in this field.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-122
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• 2001

This study compared and analyzed the effect of income-redistribution, collecting data on the basis of the estimated details of insurance contribution and individual money wage lists for each one year before and after the combination of medical insurance program for industrial workers, by systematic sampling, extracting 4,160 families(14,764 people) among people applied to medical insurance program for self employees in Taegu City on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 with 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees and medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers combined, comparing the effect of income redistribution of before and after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees. The insurance contribution by household after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees showed the increase rate of average 20.9%, among them households of 68.8% increased and 31.2% decreased. The effect of income-redistribution was more positive because the degree of inequality was more deepened from 0.64 of the before-combination to 0.45 of the after-one in decile distribution ratio, from 0.26 to 0.34 in Gini -coefficient. Decile distribution ratio on the basis of insurance benefits by household was from 0.09 in the before-combination to 0.14 in the after-one, Gini-coefficient from 0.16 in the before-combination to 0.57 in the after-one was a little lowered. And decile distribution ratio of insurance benefits on the basis of insurance contribution was higher from 1.08 in the before-combination to 1.23 in the after-one, concentration index was a little lowered from 0.14 to 0.11, the effect of income-redistribution was improved in the phase of insurance benefits. The income-transfer rate of medical insurance program for self employees (the occupied rate of insurance benefits/ the occupied rate of insurance contribution) showed a lower trend in all of the before and after-combination towards upper classes, it was known that the income-transfer rate was higher from 1st degree to 7th degree in the after-combination in comparison with the before-one, but the effect of income¬redistribution was high because the income-transfer rate was lowered from 8th degree to 10th degree. The rate of medical insurance benefits (insurance benefits/ insurance contribution) increased from 0.79 in the before-combination to 1.07 in the after-one, and showed over 1.0 under 3th degree before the combination, but all of it was higher than 1.0 under 7th degree after the combination, the after-combination was more improved than the before-one in view of the rate of insurance benefits. As the result of above, on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 that 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees was combined into one, we could say that the equality of imposing medical insurance contribution was more re-considered in the after-combination than in the before-one. But this study analyzed with classes divided, anyway, on the basis of insurance contribution, we have limit in explaining the correct effect of income-redistribution, because it was not analyzed according to classes of income, though it helps to analogize the effect of income-redistribution. So there must be analysis about the effect of income-redistribution, on the basis of the system, building up the system to grasp the correct income of the insureds of medical insurance program for self employees.