• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1998

Fly ash application with a rate of 0, 50, 100, $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in clay loam paddy, which had properties of pH 5.3 and low contents of silicate and boron, gave a strongly positive effects on the growth and yields of malting barley showing better responses in bituminous coal fly ash(BCFA) than anthracite fly ash(AFA). Especially, soil chemical characteristics improved greatly by fly ash were pH, available phosphate, exchangeable calcium, available silicate, and boron. Shoot length and the number of tiller till defrosting season appeared the most positive responses by application of BCFA $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and AFA $100Mg\;ha^{-1}$. However, the number of spikelet per panicle at heading stage was proportionally increased to the rates of each fly ash. As a result, the grain yields of malting barley were increased to $13.8(4.221Mg\;ha^{-1}){\sim}37.7%(5.106Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by application of BCFA and to $1.1(3.75Mg\;ha^{-1})-20.6%(4.473Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by application of AFA. Protein contents in the grain was the highest in $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$ plot, showing 10.5 and 10.8% by BCFA and AFA application, which were suitable for malting. At harvesting, plants showed 49 and 58% of lodging indices by application of BCFA 100 and $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, which were equivalent to two fold values of those by AFA.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2015

This study firstly provides basic data for selection of cultivatable bioenergy grass in barren reclaimed lands applied with solidified sewage sludge. The experimental plots consisted of a plot containing reclaimed land mixed with solidified sewage sludge (MSS 50), a plot covered by solidified sewage sludge (CSS 100), and an original reclaimed soil plot (ORS). The growth, biomass production of bioenergy grasses and soil chemical properties were investigated in each experimental plot for 5 years. The organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (T-N) content in both MSS 50 and CSS 100 were considerably higher than those in ORS. In bioenergy grasses, M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 showed an excellent growth and adaptability on reclaimed land applied with solidified sewage sludge. The application of solidified sewage sludge may provided soil nutrition in the reclaimed land due to the fact that bioenergy crops grew better in soils applied with solidified sewage sludge than in untreated soils, and treated soils had higher OM and T-N content than untreated soils. This study suggests that M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 is the most suitable biomass feedstock crop for biomass production and that solidified sewage sludge may be used as a soil material for cultivation of bioenergy grass on reclaimed lands.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for selecting the applicable crops in reclaimed land during desalinization period. A pot experiment was conducted with 5 different electrical conductivities of the saturated extracts $(ECe\;1,\;3,\;9,\;14,\;and\;16\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1})$ of soils taken from the Dae-Ho reclaimed tidal lands. Eight crops (Chinese cabbage, radish, tomato, red pepper, buckwheat, soybean, sesame, and green perilla) were grown for 37days. Plant height and number of leaves were surveyed on 2 and 4 weeks after seeding, and on harvest time (5 weeks). After harvest, dry weights of harvested crops were measured and soil chemical properties were analyzed. Emergence rates of crops were comparatively high except sesame. For sesame, there was no emergence at ECe over $3\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Growth and dry weight decreased significantly as increasing ECe. The ECe which decreased 50% of dry weight index were $14.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for radish, $11.4\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage, $10.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for red pepper, $8.9\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for buckwheat and green perilla, $8.6\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for soybean, and $8.9\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for tomato. At higher ECe that start the growth inhibition, increasing $1\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in ECe, 7.7, 6.5, 5.9, 5.6, 5.2, and 4.9% of dry weight decreased for buckwheat, green perilla, Chinese cabbage, radish, soybean, and tomato (red pepper), respectively. The critical value of ECe for crop survival except sesame was $15.4\;{\sim}\;23.1\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2002

To investigate difference of components changes in salt-fermented anchovy, Engaulis japonicus sauce during 18 months fermentation by tank size, various chemical properties were examined at 2$\~$3 months intervals. The contents of total and amino nitrogen, total ATP related compounds increased gradually during 18 months of fermentation, and showed higher content in salt-fermented anchor sauce produced by large tank scale (LTS) product than those of small tank scale (STS) product during fermentation. Hypoxanthine and uric acid were the most abundant in ATP related compounds, ranging from $81.1\%$ to $90.4\%$, The cross point of inosine (HxR) + hypoxanthine (Hx) and uric acid was faster in LTS with 10.3 months fermentation than in STS with 12.6 months fermentation. After 18month of fermentation, the LTS was rich in free amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, valine, Iysine in that order. On the other hand, the STS was rich in free amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, vsine, valine in that order. Absorbance at 453 nm were higher in STS than in STS, but was no difference the rate of increase during fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.698-703
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• 2012

This survey was conducted to obtain basic data of the quality of groundwater for agriculture in Gyeongnam province. Groundwater samples from paddy 15, upland 15, and plastic film house 30 sites were collected on April, July, and October in every two years from 2002 to 2008. According to the result of water quality analysis, groundwater quality was suitable for irrigation purpose averagely. The $NO_3$-N contents by land use were in the order of plastic film house > upland > paddy field and its contents were 6.53, 4.80, and $3.68mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In annual changes of water quality, pH was no significant change in paddy, upland, and plastic film house by 6.6~6.9. EC was increased in upland and plastic film house in 2008 and majors factors were $NO_3$-N and $Cl^-$. In upland and plastic film house, $NO_3$-N contents were 4.72 and $6.52mg\;L^{-1}$ in 2002, respectively, whereas they were 5.63 and $8.70mg\;L^{-1}$ in 2008, respectively. Of the investigated sites, $NO_3$-N was exceeded water quality standards for agriculture by 3.3~15.0% in plastic film house and $Cl^-$ was exceeded water quality standards for agriculture by 2.2% in upland of 2004. The $NO_3$-N contents were decreased with well depth and their contents were $5.38mg\;L^{-1}$ from 3~10 m, $4.87mg\;L^{-1}$ from 10~20 m, and $2.58mg\;L^{-1}$ from above 30 m. The $NO_3$-N contents by soil texture were highest in sandy loam by $5.73mg\;L^{-1}$ and lowest in clay loam by $4.13mg\;L^{-1}$. The $NO_3$-N contents by crops category were in order of fruit vegetables > leaf vegetables > rice > fruits > beans, contents of fruit vegetables and leaf vegetables were 5.81 and $5.30mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 1999

To investigate changes of components in salt-fermented northern sand lance, Ammodytes personatus sauce during fermentation, various chemical properties were examined at 1$\~$3 months intervals during 18 months fermentation. The moisture content decreased slightly, but the content of VBN and crude protein, total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, degree of hydrolysis, and absorbance at 453 nm increased gradually during fermentation. On the other hand, ash content, pH, and salinity showed almost no change. The contents of total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, and degree of hydrolysis increased sharply until 6$\~$8 months fermentation and showed the gentle increment after that, The Hx and uric acid were the most abundant in ATP related compounds, ranging from $83.1\%$ to $92.9\%$, After 18 month of fermentation, sauce was rich in free amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, Iysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, aspartic acid in that order.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.747-758
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• 2006

A total of 30 pigs (average 60kg) were used to investigate the influence of breeds on meat quality. Pigs were alloted into one of three experimental groups [A (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc), B (England Berkshire), and C (Kagoshima Berkshire)]. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110kg of live weight for measurement of meat qualities. Crude protein was significantly higher in B than those of other pig breed groups. Shear force value was higher and pH was lower in A than those of other pig breeds. In color, C was significantly higher in a* of meat color and lower in b* of fat color and in brittleness, hardness, springiness, chewiness as compared with other pig breeds. Essential fatty acid were significantly higher in A and lower in B than those of other pig breeds. Aspartic, threonine, serine, glutamic and phenylalanine were higher in C, whereas glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine and arginine were significantly higher in A. In sensory evaluation of fresh meat, color was significantly higher in C. However, moisture, crude fat, crude ash and drip loss, marbling score, overall acceptability of fresh meat and all items in sensory evaluation of cooked meat were not significant difference among the pig groups. In conclusions, loin from Kagoshima Berkshire had the lowest shear force and the highest a* value. In the current study few effects of pig breeds were observed. Further studies are needed on the relationship between physico-chemical properties and the pig breeds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical quality characteristics of pork patty added with four different amount (T0:0%, T1:0.3%, T2:0.7%, T3:1.0%) of tangerine (Citrus unshiu) peel. There was no significant difference in chemical composition, cooking yield, water holding capacity, moisture retention, fat retention, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, VBN content, L-value. In taste, texture, juiciness and palatability, the addition of 0.3%~1.0% tangerine peel in pork patty showed no significant difference on sensory properties compared to the pork patty without tangerine peel. Total polyphenol content was highest in T3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in T2 and T3 (p<0.001). The TBARS contents decreased as tangerine peel become added (p<0.001). The pH was highest in T0, and was lowest in T3 (p<0.001). The external a-value of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T0 (p<0.01). The external and internal b-value of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 (p<0.01). Flavor of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.01). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that an addition of tangerine peel could be utilized as an ingredient in pork patty in promotion of function of tangerine by-products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2013

In this study, physico-chemical properties and environmental fate were investigated and ecotoxicity tests using fish, daphnia and algae were conducted for an initial ecological risk assessment of 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one. Due to low volatility of the test substance under environmental conditions, it is likely to distributed in soil and water environment. The compound has low adsorption in the soil, with low bioconcentration potential. Acute toxicity results showed that 96 h-$LC_{50}$ for Oryzias laties was 4.7 mg/L (measured) and 48h-$EC_{50}$ for Daphnia magna was 3.3 mg/L (measured). In a growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72 h-$EC_{50}$ was 0.456 mg/L (growth rate, nominal) and 0.262 mg/L (yield, nominal). Using the acute toxicity value of algae, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the aquatic environment was determined to be 2.62 ${\mu}g/L$ using an factor of 100. According to globally harmonized system (GHS), the compound was categorized as aquatic acute 1 for algae, while it was categorized as aquatic acute 2 for fish and daphnia. This screening assessment suggests that the test substance may pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to define the effect of various soil phosphorus fractions for soybean yield and the relations of between various soil phosphorus fraction and each other in 11 upland soils with different capacities of phosphorus fixation and physico-chemical properties of soils. The effect of phosphorus fertilization was high in soils with high capacities of phosphorus fixation and low available phosphorus, and soybean yield was showed significant relationship with available phosphorus and inorganic soil phosphorus fractions. Fractional recovery of added phosphorus in soils were showed various range of 2.5-91.7%, and mean value of soils was 48.5%. In the relationships among the soybean yield, plant phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake and available phosphorus, inoganic phosphorus at flowering stage, soybean yield were showed significant relationship with available phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake were all showed significant correlation without Fe-P, but Fe-P was showed except Jeju soil. Al-P/Fe-P ratio was increased by phosphorus fertilization in soils at flowering stage, and in the relationships between Al-P/Fe-P ratio and soybean yield, phosphorus uptake, soil and plant phosphorus were showed high significant correlation, but Fe-P was not showed at flowering stage. P sorbed by soils from P 20ppm solution was decreased by phosphorus fertilization, and then decreasing rate was higher in soils with low capacity of phosphorus fixation then high phosphorus fixing soils. Also P sorbed was showed negatively high significant correlation with available phosphorus, plant phosphorus, phosphorus uptake and soil inorganic phosphours except Fe-P, and soybean yield was not showed.