• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.594-602
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• 2019

Objective : Although surgical intervention, such as percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), is the standard treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), its effectiveness and safety are unclear. Therefore, this study compared the safety and efficacy of conservative treatment with that of PVP for acute OVCFs. Methods : Patients with single-level OVCFs who were treated conservatively with a transdermal fentanyl patch (TFP) or with PVP between March 2013 and December 2017 and followed-up for more than 1 year were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with pathologic fractures, fractures of more than two columns, or a history of PVP were excluded. Clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] scores) and radiographic factors were evaluated, including changes in the compression rate of the corresponding vertebral body at onset and after 12 months, sagittal Cobb angle at onset and after 6 and 12 months, and the incidence of adjacent compression fractures. Results : Of the 131 patients evaluated, 75 were treated conservatively using TFPs and 56 underwent PVP. We divided the patients into TFP and PVP groups. Their baseline characteristics (including sex, level of fracture, and bone mineral density T-scores) were similar, but the TFP group was significantly younger. The overall VAS score for pain showed a greater decrease during the first month (1 week after PVP) in the PVP group but remained similar in the two groups thereafter. The compression rate after 12 months increased in the TFP group but decreased in the PVP group. Five patients in the PVP group, but none in the TFP group, experienced adjacent compression fractures within 12 months. Conclusion : We compared clinical and radiological outcomes between the TFP and PVP groups. The immediate pain reduction effect was superior in the PVP group, but the final clinical outcome was similar. Although the PVP group had a better-preserved compression rate than the TFP group for 1 year, the development of adjacent fractures was significantly higher. Although TFPs seemed to be beneficial in reducing the failure rate of conservative treatment, the possibility of side effects (22.6%, 17 out of 75 patients, in this study) should be carefully monitored.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between systemic diseases and oral malodor. The author measured the volatile sulfur compound(VSC) of the patients who visited Pusan National University Health Promote Center for a comprehensive medical testing. The patients were examined gingival bleeding on probing, CPI index, tongue coating. Their systemic diseases were diagnosed by the specialist. 182 patients consisted of 112 males and 70 females. In this study, Oral $Chroma^{(R)}$ was used to measure oral malodor. This equipment could measure the concentration of intraoral VSC (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide). All data were analylized using Statistical Package for the Social Science $12.0^{(R)}$. The result of this study was the followings. 1. There was significant difference of numbers of patient who visited health care center according to the VSC concentration level and the Community Periodontal Index, bleeding on probing, tongue coating. 2. The subjects with hyperlipidemia showed the high level of $CH_3SH$ concentration (p=0.036). The concentration of $H_2S$ tends to be high in the group with abnormal findings on pulmonary fuction test(p=0.086). The concentration of $CH_3SH$ in the groups with abnormal findings on lipid profile test(p=0.130) and bone mineral density test(p=0.099) and abdominal ultrasonograpy(p=0.088) tends to be higher than the other group. 3. The concentration of $(CH_3)_2S$ in the group with abnormal findings on blood pressure test(p=0.113), hepatitis B virus serology(p=0.069), Abdominal ultrasonograpy(p=0.091) tend to be higher than the other group.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2010

Objectives & Method：Based on the statistic from January 2008 to December 2008 include 66-year-old 375 people (159 men, 216 women) who got examined in National Health Insurance Corporation, this study set a goal to establish a new health index by analyzing the relation between the cardio-cerebra vascular disease and risk factor such as obesity, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol. Results：1) Examine results, health status according to gender；People who are diagnosed as abnormal health status have higher risk for both men and women. As for the detailed diseases, high blood pressure was highest followed by hyperlipidemia and obesity. In case of the women, 96.3% in bone mineral density was highest. 2) Correlation of disease and health risk factors based on gender；Correlation of disease according to gender in the obesity(p<0.001), lipid abnormalities(p<0.001), kidney diseases(p<0.001), chest diseases(p<0.05), osteoporosis(p<0.001) showed a statistically significant difference. The analysis showed that the men have more obesity and lipid abnormalities as well as thoracic disease than the women, but the women have more kidney disease than the men. As for the osteoporosis examine which is conducted only for the women, most of the women were abnormal even though it cannot compare the result according to gender. Obesity(p<0.001), alcohol(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.001) and LDLcholesterol(p<0.001) showed statistical correlation between gender and health risk factor. And only high blood pressure(p<0.001) showed a statistical correlation between gender and risk of cardio-cerebra vascular disease. 3) Risk of cardio-cerebra vascular disease related to health risk factor characteristic；Obesity assessment(p<0.001), alcohol(p<0.05), smoking(p<0.05), blood pressure(p<0.001), glucose(p<0.001) showed correlation between health risk factor and stroke. Drinking(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), blood pressure(p<0.001), LDL cholesterol(p<0.001) showed health risk factor and myocardial infarction. Obesity assessment(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), blood pressure(p<0.001), glucose(p<0.001) and showed correlation between health risk factor and diabetes. Obesity assessment(p<0.001), blood pressure(p<0.001) showed correlation between health risk factor and high blood pressure. Conclusion：Therefore, we have to take one step farther after the health examination. In order to prevent and reduce the risk of disease, people have to understand their health status exactly first, and correct their habit with recognizing the amount of risk related to cardio-cerebra vascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.833-844
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• 2018

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is mainly used as an X-ray test method. For equipment manufactured GE and Hologic, cross-calibration analyses (CCA) of machines from the same manufacturer and between units from different manufacturers have been conducted, but the CCA of equipment manufactured in Korea are inadequate. Through CCA, we present a formula of the intersections between the Korean medical equipment company (KEC) with GE and Hologic manufactured DXA, and among the KEC DXA. The CCA was conducted for the European Spine Phantom on DXA from four KEC and three global medical equipment company (GEC) manufacturers. We compared bone mineral density (BMD) values and calculated the CCA equation by linear regression analysis. The standard-deviations (SD) of the BMD values were highest for the Dexxum T for the low, medium, and high spine, which were 0.030, 0.029, and 0.037, respectively. The smallest SD in the low and medium vertebrae were 0.005 and 0.004 for the Horizon Ci, respectively, and 0.005 for the Osteo Pro Max in the high vertebrae. Based on the intersection equations of the KEC DXA established in this study, CCA of various KEC DXA should be established for more accurate follow-up of BMD tests in clinical environments.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Elderly people comprise an increasing proportion of the population, and nutritional impairments may contribute to health problems among this group. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status by Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to identify relationships among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, bone Mineral Density (BMD) and MNA results among older adults (${\geq}$65 yrs, n=98, 66.7${\pm}$2.5 yrs; M=52, F=46, BMI 24.5${\pm}$2.8 $kg/m^2$) at a Health Care Center. A dietitian administered MNA and collected anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical indicators (albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, glucose, lipids) and the BMD (spine, femur, F=46). Subjects were grouped into a normal nutrition group (0~2 risk factors of malnutrition) and a high risk of malnutrition group (>=3 risk factors of malnutrition) based on their risk factor status for malnutrition. The risk factors for malnutrition include age ${\geq}$65 years, PIBW <90%, albumin <3.5 g/dl, TLC <1,500%, Hgb <14 g/dl (men), Hgb <10 g/dl (women), loss of appetite and weight loss 1~3 kg/last 3 months. In addition, subjects were grouped into a normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group by BMD. We found that 12% of the subjects were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score, 21.4${\pm}$2.1) and that 88% were well nourished (27.3${\pm}$1.5) according to the MNA. Full-MNA scores were positively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), albumin and hemoglobin, respectively. The full-MNA score of the high risk of malnutrition group (23.0${\pm}$3.8) was lower than that of the normal nutrition group (27.0${\pm}$2.1) (p<0.05). In addition, the Full-MNA score was negatively associated with the risk factor of malnutrition (r=－0.35, p=0.0004). We found that 39.1% of the subjects had osteoporosis, 45.7% had osteopenia and 15.2% were normal according to their BMD. The MNA score of osteoporosis group (24.58${\pm}$3.3) was lower than that of the normal (27.4${\pm}$1.1) and osteopenia group (26.9${\pm}$1.5) (p<0.05). These results suggested that MNA can be useful as a nutritional screening tool of older adults in Health Care Centers.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat on prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by 2 kinds of medicine, Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat. Results : The levels of spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum osteoclacin and calcium didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum ALP showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum phosphorus showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3, 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of urine calcium and phosphorus didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral phosphorus showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. And the levels of fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group. The levels of body weight and uterus weight didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflon Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appears that Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat have efficacy on prevention of osteoporosis. In particular Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat showed good efficacy in comparison with Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

One year has passed since the pandemic of COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 began. Worldwide, as of January 2021, more than 95 million people have been infected, and the death toll is higher than 2 million. In Korea, there are 74,262 infected and 1,328 dead, and government policies such as social distancing to prevent infection are being implemented. Accordingly, many inconveniences occurred in the physical activity environment, such as the closure of various sports facilities. It was necessary to consider physical activities to maintain healthy life while cooperating with the national policy while preventing infection. This study investigated the benefits of physical activity to reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and diabetes, improve bone mineral density, prolong healthy lifespan, maintain activity performance with aging, and improve psychological anxiety and depression. In addition, the physiological changes that may occur in the situation of stopping exercise due to social distancing to prevent COVID-19 infection were reviewed. In addition, moderate-intensity exercise that helps strengthen immune function by activating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibody responses was investigated. In addition, it reduces the level and function of blood B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells for several hours, decreases phagocytosis of neutrophils in the nasal cavity, increases inflammatory cytokines, decreases immune function, and increases infection. High-intensity exercise was considered. Therefore, in the age of COVID-19, long-term high-intensity exercise such as marathon, which causes impaired immune function, should be refrained from. And you should do moderate-intensity regular aerobic exercise such as fast walking to help prevent infection. It is also recommended to participate in resistance exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.142-162
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the critical environmental factors on healthy-aging of Korean people, we investigated the significant factors influencing health status of septuagenarians living in rural area of Jeonla province, known to be one of the representative longevity regions in Korea. Methods: We divided subjects into healthy group (36M/25F) or poor-health group (26M/73F) based on self-reported health status, body mass index, a number of prescription, and blood test data. General characteristics, physical measurements, lifestyle, dietary behavior and nutrient intake, physical health and mental health data were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: Average age was not different between healthy group and poor-health group in men and women, respectively. In men, significantly favorable factors to health were observed to be higher education, regular exercise, higher grip strength and walking function, body mass index (${\geq}18.5kg/m^2$), moderate frequency of drinking and eating-out, non-smoking, normal red blood cell (RBC) count, higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) level, good digestive function and appetite, normal hearing function, regular meals, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, diverse food intake, adequate energy and nutrients (protein, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, C and E, folate, niacin, P, Zn and K) intake, higher mini-nutrient status assessment (MNA) score and low level of depression. On the other hand, in women, those were literacy, living arrangement, moderate frequency of drinking, healthy teeth, higher grip strength and walking function, bone mineral density, normal RBC and white blood cell (WBC) count, higher DHEAS concentration, higher MNA score, normal cognition and memory function, having snack and adequate fruit intake. Conclusions: These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase health-life expectancy of Korean old people living in rural areas.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

Introduction: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is a protein which is secreted by Hertwig root sheath and plays a major role in the formation of cementum and attachment of peridontium. Several studies have shown that EMD promoted the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in vitro: however, reports showing the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by EMD also existed. This study was designed to simultaneously evaluate the effect of EMD on the two cell lines (human mesenchymal stem cells: hMSC, human periodontal ligament derived fibroblasts: hPDLCs) by means of quantitative analysis of some bone related matrices (Alkaline phosphatase : ALP, osteopontin ; OPN, osteocalcin ; OC). Materials and Methods: hMSCs and hPDLCs were expanded and cells in the 4${\sim}$6 passages were adopted to use. hMSc and hPDLCs were cultured during 1,2,7, and 14 days with 0, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ of EMD, respectively. ALP activity was assessed by SensoLyte ALP kit and expressed as values of the relative optical density. Among the matrix proteins of the bony tissue, OC and OPN were assessed and quantification of these proteins was evaluated by means of human OC immunoassay kit and human OPN assay kit, respectively. Results: ALP activity maintained without EMD at $1,2^{nd}$ day. The activity increased at $7^{th}$ day but decreased at $14^{th}$ day. EMD increased the activity at $14^{th}$ day in the hPDLCs culture. In the hMSCs, rapid decrease was noted in $7^{th}$ and $14^{th}$ days without regard to EMD concentrations. Regarding the OPN synthesis in hPDLCs, marked decrease of OPN was noted after EMD application. Gradual decrease tendency of OPN was shown over time. In hMSCs, marked decrease of OPN was also noted after EMD application. Overall concentration of OPN was relatively consistent over time than that in hPDLCs. Regarding the OC synthesis, in both of hPDLCs and hMSCs, inhibition of OC formation was noted after EMD application in the early stages but EMD exerted minimal effect at the later stages. Conclusion: In this experimental condition, EMD seemed to play an inhibitory role during the differentiation of hMSCs and hPDLCs in the context of OC and OPN formation. In the periodontium, there are many kinds of cells contributing to the regeneration of oral tissue. EMD enhanced ALP activity in hPDLCs rather than in hMSCs and this may imply that EMD has a positive effect on the differentiation of cementoblasts compared with the effect on hMSCs. The result of our research was consistent with recent studies in which the authors showed the inhibitory effect of EMD in terms of the differentiation of mineral colony forming cells in vitro. This in vitro study may not stand for all the charateristics of EMD; thus, further studies involving many other bone matrices and cellular attachment will be necessary.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bone Mineral Density(BMD) at mandible. So, we studied how to measure the BMD at mandible using DEXA(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) by Horner er al (1996) and knew reproducibility of the measurements. Thirty-five patients (13 men, 22 women, mean age : 25.4 years) were examined using the GE Lunar Prodigy Advance(LUNAR Corporation, madison, USA). They were examined in Semiprone position of their body and true lateral position of their mandible selected the Lumbar lateral mode. We used the custom mode in analysis when ROI (area $30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$). Three ROIs ($30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, $50{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, $20{\times}2.5\;mm^2$) were located each at the two different sites of the mandible (angle of mandible and mental symphysis) and BMD was measured. Differences in BMD measurement was statistically compared according to the size and location of ROI. BMD was $1.320{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.152{\pm}0.340g/cm^3$ in women. BMD at the angle of mandible was $1.201{\pm}0.361g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.025{\pm}0.377g/cm^3$ in women. BMD of men at the mental symphysis was $1.434{\pm}0.341g/cm^3$ and that of women was $1.19{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$. With the ROI of $20{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, BMD was $1.262{\pm}0.384g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.113{\pm}0.357g/cm^3$ in women. With the ROI of $50{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, BMD of men was $1.320{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$ and that of women was $1.129{\pm}0.340g/cm^3$. There was a statistically significant difference of BMD according to the size and location of ROI. When measuring mandible BMD, there are good for increasing ROI and locate between ramus and mental symphysis. Especially following exam, refer to same size and location with fore exam. According to study which measure mandible BMD, It's correct to measure better a portion of mandible then whole of BMD. Using DEXA protocol is studied good for the additional study to compare the BMD at mandible. Later date, It will be good for measurement value in implant and bone graft quantitatively. Using DEXA method gain BMD threshold value in korean.