• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.229-244
• /
• 2024

Recently, supply chain attacks against nuclear facilities such as "Evil PLC" are increasing due to the application of digital technology in nuclear power plants such as the APR1400 reactor. Nuclear supply chain security requires a asset management system that can systematically manage a large number of providers due to the nature of the industry. However, due to the nature of the control system, there is a problem of inconsistent management of attribute information due to the long lifecycle of software assets. In addition, due to the availability of the operational technology, the introduction of automated configuration management is insufficient, and limitations such as input errors exist. This study proposes a systematic asset management system using SBOM(Software Bill Of Materials) and an improvement for input errors using natural language processing techniques.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.309-331
• /
• 2009

In 25th April. 2008, the Korea legislature gave advance notice on the Revision Bill of Commercial Law in Insurance Division in partial, one of which is the principle of utmost good faith to be codified in accordance with the effectuation of the Revision Bill enforcement. For this, even though the disclosure duty is not included in the Revision Bill, it should also be discussed in relation to the principle of utmost good faith because it is based upon the principle of utmost good faith and forms a part of utmost good faith. In Marine Insurance industry in Korea, there are the sections and the clauses in relation to the English governing law included in the Policies and the Clauses used in Korea and, also, they still come into effect for the Korea Courts' judgements. So. we, Korea, should carefully pay attention to the trend of English courts' leading case, academic world and insurance industry on the disclosure duty in U.K. This study is thus based upon sections 17 and 18~20 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and sections 651, 652 and 655 of Commercial Law in Insurance Division, which appear throughout this work. The objective of this work is to analyse the duty of disclosure on Korean and English Insurance Laws including cases cited in this work, comparing the differences resulted from the analysis of the two countries‘laws and legal cases.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2020

Recently, interest in BIM technology has been growing in the domestic construction market as the number of construction projects requiring the application of BIM technology has increased. The use of BIM allows the use of various visualization functions through 3D models as well as drawing interference review, quantity calculation and integrated management of information. In particular, estimates of construction costs based on BIM can increase work efficiency by reducing the burden of calculating construction costs and managing them. In order to increase the efficiency of BIM-based cost estimates, it is necessary to improve the correlation between the BoQ(Bill of Quantity) information and the BIM model. For this purpose, the ratio of the amount and item to the detailed construction of the current BoQ was analyzed, especially the problem of the calculation of construction cost in the window work in this study. In addition, we would like to suggest a method for systematically linking the BoQ information with the BIM model by improving the BoQ information structure of the window work. It is expected that this will increase the efficiency of the quantity calculation and analysis work of construction cost of window work. In addition, it is expected that this method will help to analyze and predict changes in construction cost of windows and doors by facility characteristics and type.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.23
• /
• pp.249-288
• /
• 2004

The active use of the container vessel has brought with it high speed and reduced transit time ; however, the system of delivering the goods via B/L at the destination has lagged behind technical advances, becoming a burden to today's international traders, especially consignees and/or importers. More recently the sea waybill(SWB), that is to say an ocean-type AWB, has come on the scene. In Europe and the USA the use of SWB has increased significantly, but has also left room for improvement due to its short history of use. However, Recently, more attention is paid to SWB as a means to solve the B/L Crisis is getting more and more serious. In addition, due to its non-negotiability, the sea waybill could easily be replaced by messages sent between the interested parties by Electronic Data Interchange. With the paper document, transfer of title is fulfilled by transferring the original bill of lading to the buyer of the goods. However, in an electronic environment this is difficult to replicate. A number of solutions have been investigated, including using an electronic bill of lading, by controlling changes in title to goods through irrevocable, but transferable instructions to the carrier, or by appointing an independent electronic data registry, or replacing the bill of lading with a sea waybill, which is non-negotiable. The purpose of this study is to investigate some problems which may hinder SWB from coming into wide use and to analyse how to solve problems due to introduction of electronic sea waybill.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.189-211
• /
• 2011

This article aims at analysing the practical problems of FOB and CIF terms relating to Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010 in case of L/C transactions and presenting the defending measures against them. According to Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010, FOB and CIF terms are to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport and require the seller deliver the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at named port of shipment. So if FOB and CIF terms will be used in sea transport under L/C transaction, the seller should ship the goods on the nominated vessel and present the shipping document indicating "on board vessel" to the issuing bank but the parties agree to present the received bill of lading according to special condition on L/C which is" received bill of lading are acceptable". In practical transaction, FOB and CIF terms are usually used in aircraft cargo, container cargo or multimodal transport. these facts are a violation of Incoterms. Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010 which regulated that FOB and CIF terms may not be appropriate where goods are handed over the carrier before they are on board the vessel for example goods in container. These transactions are a temporary expedient and breach of Incoterms in the international trade which must be corrected as soon as possible.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.8
• /
• pp.1347-1354
• /
• 2016

This paper presents optimal operational scheduling model and economic assessment of Li-ion battery energy storage systems installed in non-residential customers. The operation schedule of a BESS is determined to minimize electric bill, which is composed of demand and energy charges. Dynamic programming is introduced to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. Based on the optimal operation schedule result, the economics of a BESS are evaluated in the investor and the social perspective respectively. Calculated benefits in the investor or customer perspective are the savings of demand charge, energy charge, and related taxes. The social benefits include fuel cost savings of generating units, construction deferral effects of the generation capacity and T&D infra, and incremental CO2 emission cost impacts, etc. Case studies are applied to an large industrial customer that shows similarly repeated load patterns according to days of the week.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.36-49
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.9D no.3
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2002

For effective distributed software development, integrated information object management functions that manage the structures and relationships among information objects are most required. Presented in this paper is a managerial framework comprised of BOC (Bill Of Class) and part dictionary scheme for integrated information object management in distributed software development processes. Based on the proposed BOC and part dictionary scheme, an integrated information object management system is designed and implemented. As a result of this implementation work, the usefulness and benefit of proposed framework are also shown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.728-736
• /
• 1994

본 연구는 MRP(Material Requirement System) 시스템의 기본 요소인 BOM(Bill of Material)의 효과성 분석을 목적으로 한다. BOM은 부품의 구성 관계를 나타내는 표로서, 근자에는 모듈화의 개념이 도입된 Modular BOM이 제시되고 있다. Modular BOM은 부품의 구성 관계를 모듈화 함으로써 이들을 보다 편리하게 관리하고, 기존에 사용되어 오던 구조형 BOM의 불편함, 단점 등을 보완한다. 본 연구는 기존의 구조형 BOM과 modular BOM을 데이타베이스 관리면에서 분석함으로서, 모듈화한 BOM이 데이타 관리면에서 지니는 효과성을 분석하였다. 데이타 관리의 효과성 분석은 BOM 데이타 관리면에서 지니는 효과성을 분석하였다. 데이타 관리의 효과성 분석은 BOM 데이타베이스의 제품구성을 관계형 데이타베이스의 레코드 (또는 tuple)로 표현 함으로서, 특정 부분품으로 구성된 완제품들을 나타내기 위해 필요한 레코드 수를 기초로 하여 수행되었다. 이상의 논리에 근거하여 본 연구는 다음과 같은 데이타 관리 관점에서 분석한다. 1. 제품구성 표시를 위한 BOM 데이타베이스의 구성 레코드 수의 비교, 2. 새로운 제품의 추가나 기 제품의 제품구성 변경에 따른 갱신의 용이성 본 연구에서는 분석의 편의를 위하여 BOM 구성이 레벨을 무시한 단순형태의 2단계 BOM을 분석 대상으로 한다. BOM데이타 베이스 관리의 효과성은 제시된 레코드 수에 기초하여 데이타베이스의 규모와 변경 용이성의 측정 모형을 수립하고, 이들 모형을 modular BOM과 구조형 BOM에 적용함으로서 수행 되었다.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.21
• /
• pp.135-154
• /
• 2009

For the introduction of domestic private investigation act, with beginning of private investigation act bill by Ha Soon-bong in 1999, congressmen Choi Jae-chun, Lee Sang-bae, in 2005, Lee In-gi in 2008, and Kang Sung-chun in 2009 initiate the each bill, and many researches and studies in the academia about the private investigation act bill makes have a bright prospect toward to the bill. However, up to the present, there is a debating which services will charge for management for the private investigation business. It is important that which facilities will assume charge of management for the private investigation business because this is a cornerstone to set up a successful investigation act which fulfills a nation's needs in the future. According to the other countries which induced the act earlier, they, by perceiving the act as a part of the private security, manage the act by setting the police or the separate services such as committees. In municipal laws, there was a case suggesting The National Police Agency and The Justice Department as the facilities for the management and supervision, however, for the unification of administration for the whole private security, similarities of the private investigation and police service, privacy of police services, and development for the domestic private security business, the national police agency, taking care of the private security business, should be assigned as the department for management and supervision, additionally, suggestion to establish "The Management Committee for Private Investigation Business" as a separate facility under the national police agency is needed.