• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.957-969
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• 1988

There is tendency of increasing number and decreasing age of patients who are indicated for Rastelli operation for their cyanotic congenita heart disease. So there is the need to find the creiterion which saves the patients from early postoperative hemodynamic disturbances. We reviewed the 26 patients who had been performed Rastelli operation at Seoul national University hOipital from January 1981 to June 1988. mean age of the patients was 7.8 $\pm$ 3.4 years (range 2.5-1.5 years), mean body surface area(BSA) 0.79 $\pm$ 0.25 $m^{2}$(range 0.49-1.51 $m^{2}$) and mean hematocrit 57.95 $\pm$ 12%(range 48-80%). We diveded these patients into survived group and died group before postoperative 72 hours, and analysed preoperative arterial oxygen saturation($SaO_{2}$), the ratio of diameter of fight pulmonary artery to ascending aorta(RA:/AA), the ratio of both right and left pulmonary artery diameter to descending thoracic aorta(RPA+LPA/DTA), pulmonary artery index(PA index), cardiopulmonary bypass time, aorta cross-clamping time, postoperative perfusion state and total amount of dopamine infused postoperatively. The results showed that RPA+LPA/DTA and PA index were statistically significatn factors to influence early postoperative cardiac death rate (P<0.05). Especially there were good linear correlations between PA index(X) and perpheral perfusion index(Y)(Y = -1.15 + 0.02 X, r = 0.86, P<0.01) and between PA index(X) and total amount of dopamine infused before postoperative 72 hours(mg/kg, Y)(Y = 61.94 - 0.15 X, r = - 0.80, P<0.01). Also there were tendencies that the higher RPA + LPA/DTA(Y), the betterperipheral perfusion (X) and the lower need of dopamine(X), but no statistical significance. (Y = 0.78 + 1.60 X, r = 0.49, P>0.05) And the discrimant analysis showed that patients with PA index over 221 $mm^{2}$/BSA could undergo correction with 25 per cent of error rate. In conclusion, early postoperative hemodynamic states could be predicted by preoperatively measured PA index, and which can be used as a criterion for Rastelli operation performed on cyanotic congenital heart disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 1% chlorhexidine-gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/Ethanol) emollient and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub for antimicrobial, residual effect, and skin condition. Method: CHG/Ethanol emollient hand hygiene was performed waterless, and brushless by operating doctors and nurses (N=20). PVI hand washing was performed with water and a brush (N=20) for 5 min. The subjects were asked to press their left hand in hand-shaped agar before a surgical scrub, immediately after a surgical scrub and after the operation. The amount of isolated microorganisms were calculated by counting the number of divided areas($1{\times}1cm$, 160 cell) which were culture positive in the hand culture plate. The skin condition was evaluated. Result: The antimicrobial count of CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI immediately post surgical scrub was 0.0 vs. 4.1 (p>.05), and after the operation was 0.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The Residual effect of CHG/Ethanol emollient immediately post surgical scrub and after the operation were 0.0 vs. 0.1 (p>.05), and PVI were 4.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The skin condition and satisfaction of CHG/Ethanol emollient was higher than PVI (p<.05). Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect between CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI were the same. Considering skin condition, satisfaction and allergic reaction CHG/Ethanol emollient for surgical scrub is recommended in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.177-187
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• 2006

It is known that over one million car navigation devices are being currently used in Korea. Most. if not all, route guidance systems, however, Provide only one "best" route to users, not providing any options for various types of users to select. The current practice dose not consider each individual's different preferences. These days, a vast amount of information became available due to the rapid development in information processing technology. Thus, users Prefer choices to be given and like to select the one that suits him/her the "best" among available information. To provide such options in this Paper, we developed an algorithm that provides alternative routes that may not the "least cost" ones, but ones that are close to the "least cost" routes for users to select. The algorithm developed and introduced in the paper utilizes a link-based search method, rather than the traditional node-based search method. The link-based algorithm can still utilize the existing transportation network without any modifications, and yet enables to provide flexible route guidance to meet the various needs of users by allowing transfer to other modes and/or restricting left turns. The algorithm developed has been applied to a toy network and demonstrated successful implementation of the multi-path search algorithm for multi-purpose activities.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2011

This study developed a pigment by doping Cr to Pyrochlore-type stannate crystals and investigated the chromogenic relationship in a glaze. Crystal phases of the pigment according to firing temperatures were analyzed by XRD, and the doping relationship was analyzed by Raman Spectroscopy. Color and reflection rate of the pigment were measured by UV-vis Spectrophotometer. Consequently, stannate characteristic band appeared at 307, 408, 505 and $755cm^{-1}$ until 0.1 mole substitution of $Cr_2O_3$. However, as amount of $Cr_2O_3$ increased, the stannate characteristic peak was decreased and shift happened at the left hand side due to Cr-dope. In composition of 0.12~0.14 mole substituted, the unreacted $Cr_2O_3$ stannate characteristic peak, which was not engaged, was shown. This result shows the maximum limit of solid solution was 0.1 mole $Cr_2O_3$. The color of the glaze, which was produced by adding 6 wt% of $Y_2Sn_{1.94}Cr_{0.06}O_7$ pigment in a lime or a lime-magnesia glaze and fired the mixture at $1260^{\circ}C$, was grayish pink with $L^*$ 70.29, $a^*$ 5.68 and $b^*$ 6.27. It showed gray with $L^*$ 68.82, $a^*$ 3.07and $b^*$ 8.13 for $Y_2Sn_{1.9}Cr_{0.1}O_7$.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

Recently, study on RFID Tag Searching technique which is used to find a specific tag in particular tag group were developed continuously. RFID tag searching technique can be applicate in various fields such as product management, finding children, and electronic anklet. To implement a RFID tag search system, RFID tag searching protocol should be considered various security threats such as reader and tag tracking, privacy, etc. For implementing a safe RFID tag lookup system, it is important to consider the potential security threats such as the tag tracking problem, and the privacy of the owner of the tag reader problem. There exists an RFID tag lookup system that satisfies a few security requirements, but the privacy of the owner of the tag reader problem has still been left unsolved, and even if it were solved, it requires a considerable amount of cryptographic operations to be performed which results in a decrease in performance. This paper proposes a system that does not degrade the performance while solving the privacy of the owner of the tag reader problem.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

This paper presents a methodology for classifying left and right motor imagery using a neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFM) and wavelet-based feature extraction. Wavelet coefficients are extracted from electroencephalogram(EEG) signal by wavelet transforms in the first step. In the second step, sixty numbers of initial features are extracted from wavelet coefficients by the frequency distribution and the amount of variability in frequency distribution. The distributed non-overlap area measurement method selects the minimized number of features by removing the worst input features one by one, and then minimized six numbers of features are selected with the highest performance result. The proposed methodology shows that accuracy rate is 86.43% with six numbers of features.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2023

In recent years, as the range of human activities has increased, the introduction of alien species has become frequent. Among them, raccoons have been designated as harmful animals since 2020. Raccoons are similar in size and shape to raccoon dogs, so they generally need to be distinguished in capturing them. To solve this problem, we use VGG19, ResNet152V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNet and NASNet, which are CNN deep learning models specialized for image classification. The parameters to be used for learning are pre-trained with a large amount of data, ImageNet. In order to classify the raccoon and raccoon dog datasets as outward features of animals, the image was converted to grayscale and brightness was normalized. Augmentation methods were applied using left and right inversion, rotation, scaling, and shift to create sufficient data for transfer learning. The FCL consists of 1 layer for the non-augmented dataset while 4 layers for the augmented dataset. Comparing the accuracy of various augmented datasets, the performance increased as more augmentation methods were applied.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

Background: Pleural drainage following video-assisted thoracic surgery has traditionally been achieved with largebore, semi-rigid chest tubes. Recent trends in thoracic surgery have been toward less invasive approaches for a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drainage by means of small, soft, and flexible 14Fr Blake drains. Material and Method: Between December 2007 and March 2008, 14Fr silastic Blake drains were used for drainage of the pleural cavity in 37 patients who underwent a variety of video-assisted thoracic surgical procedures at our institution. Result: The average postoperative length of hospital stay was 3.26 days (range, 2~12 days), Blake drains were left in the pleural space for an average of 3.15 days (range, 1~7 days), and the average amount of drainage was 43.8 ml/day. The maximal amount of blood removed daily by a Brake drain was as much as 290 mL. There were no drain-related complications. Blake drains seemed to cause less pain while in place, and particularly at the time of removal. Conclusion: The use of a Blake drain following minor thoracic surgery appeared to be safe and effective in drainage of fluid or air in the pleural space, and were associated with minimal discomfort.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.651-671
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• 2003

The influence of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating on the bone response of titanium implants was investigated two types of titanium implants, i.e. as -machined ,as -machined with Ca-P coating, were prepared. The Ca-P coating produced by OCT Inc technique. These implants were inserted into the left and right femur of beagle dog, After implantation periods of 3 days, 1weeks, weeks, 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks. 24weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically , and removal torque. Histological evaluation revealed no new bone formation around different implant materials after 2weeks of implantation. After 4 weeks, Ca-P coated implants showed a higher amount of bone contact than either of the non coated implants. After 12weeks, bone healing was almost completed. And implant were removed by reverse torque rotation with torque-measuring device. Mean torque values for 4weeks control were 2.375Kgf.cm and experimental were 2.725Kgf.cm. And mean torque values for 8weeks control were 1.25Kgf.cm and experimental were 1.0Kgf.cm On the basis of these findings, we concluded that deposition of a Ca-P coating on an implant has a beneficial effect on the bone response to this implant during the healing phase. Besides implant surface conditions the bone response is also determined by local implant site condition.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2010

Surface energy is the principal factor of anti-condensation. High surface energy appears hydrophilic itself and low surface energy represents hydrophobic itself. The contact angle is widely being used for measurement of surface energy of materials, evaluation of coating performances, measurement of wettability, and so on. However, the existing contact angle measuring system is so expensive for purchasing and complicated, so it takes a lot of time and money to use. This study was conducted to develop the algorithm for evaluating hydrophilic performance through measuring the contact angle of water droplet automatically, and fabricate relatively simple measuring system using a low-cost monochrome camera and image processing. A constant amount of water was firstly allocated on a slide by a micropipette, and then the image of water droplet was captured by monochrome digital camera and sent to a computer. The image was binarized and then reduced noises by labeling. Finally, the contact angle of water droplet was computed by using three points (left, right, and top coordinates), simple linear mathematics, and trigonometric function. The experimental results demonstrated the accuracy and reproducibility of the developed system showing less deviations and deviation ratio.