• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.315-333
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• 2008

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of muscular men's somatotype to develop their clothing pattern. The body sizes of 168 men categorized as the muscular type according to the Somatotype Classification by Sheldon and Heath-Carter, were compared with the 5th Korean body size measurement (KBSM) conducted by SizeKorea in 2003, to analyze the characteristics of muscular men's somatotype. The results are as follows: 1. Compared to the 5th KBSM, the subject's body size is higher in the Chest, Upper Arm, Calf, Hip, and Thigh Circumference, and Thigh Thickness, and Waist Back and Biacromion Length, but lower in the Waist Circumference. 2. The subject group shows the characteristics of a wedge-shaped somatotype which has a broad chest and a slim waist, and of having a back more developed, longer and more curved, compared to the non-muscular men. 3. The study shows the subject group has the characteristics of both the wedged somatotype with wide chest and slim waist, and the X somatotype with projected hips and thighs.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.329-343
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• 2005

This study purposed to classify the somatotype of early adolescent girls based on the physical characteristics. For this purpose, a total of 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured and data were collected from 42 anthropometric measurements and 41 photographic measurements per a person. According to the results of classifying somatotype based of the factor analysis, 176 students ($33.3\%$) were type 1, which is short and thin. In students of this type, the breast did not develop, the belly was stuck out as in the body shape of latter childhood, and the contour of the body had not been formed yet. This somatotype was named Type A. Another 176 students ($33.3\%$) were type 2, which is tall and somewhat thin. In students of this type, the breast and the hip developed well, so the contour of the body was quite clear. This somatotype was named Type X. Lastly, 177 students ($33_4\%$) were type 3, which is fattest among the three types. In students of this type, the breast developed but the waist and the hip were not voluminous. This somatotype was named Type H.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.419-429
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of women's body somatotypes by direct measurements. Through the classification of degree of obesity and silhouette, women in their 20s who have a great interest in body somatotype can grasp their real somatotype and recognize their obesity rate and silhouette easily. The results are as follows: 1. Average sizes of subjects for this study were: height 160.3cm, weight 52.2kg, bust 83.7cm, waist 65.7cm, hips 91.1cm. And average values of each body mass index were: BMI 20.3, Rohrer Index 1.27, Vervaeck Index 84.8. 2. For the BMI value, the Average Numeric Index of normal somatotype was the highest, 76.9%. The Rohrer Index of underweight somatotype was 34.3% and the Average Numeric Index was 1.12. In the Vervaeck Index, underweight somatotype was 35.7%, and the average Numeric Index was 79.1, while the overweight somatotype was 7.4% of the Vervaeck Index and 100.8 of the Average Numeric Index. So the index which had the largest range of normal values from the same subjects, was the BMI, then the Rohrer Index, and finally, the Vervaeck Index in that order. 3. In the result of sorting bodies with silhouettes, when drop value were used to sort, N type (normal somatotype) was 69.4%, H type (one has similar sizes in waist size and hips) was 20.4% and A type (one has big hips) was 10.2% in that order. Among people in their early 20s, A type was 12.1%. H type was high, 22.8%, among women in their late 20s. When Sinozaki's method of classifying body types was used, ideal somatotype was 86.6%, A type was 7.4%, I type was 5.6% and X type was 0.5%. Women in their late 20s showed higher rates of ideal somatotype, the rates of A type and I type were lower than women in their early 20s.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2005

This study classifies somatotype from exact measurements according to the women somatotype with different drop value and isfunctional and has high body fitness. This study was preceded in the following process. Took 147 women in their 20's measurement directly and grasped the general body characteristic, and classified somatotype according to distribution of drop. Drop value is classified into Drop I, Drop II, and Drop III. Drop I is the difference value between bust line and waist line measurement. Drop II is the difference value between hip line and waist line measurement. Drop III is the difference value between hip line and bust line measurement. Suggested distribution of somatotype based on drop istribution. Classified somatotype into 4 types according to the mixture of combination of Drop I, II, and III. Comprehended the characteristics of somatotype based on basic statistical data. Type 1, M type, displays 40 % distribution that is most high distribution rate among four types and it is normal type which is similar to average value in size in the this study. Type 2, A type, displays 32.4% and it's a lower half of their body developed type with a flat busted and hippy. Type 3, X type, displays 19% and it's a healthy type with tall height, slender waist and curves of bust and hip lines. Type 4, H type, displays 8.6% and it's a biggest type in size which is busty, full hipped and nearly has no curves of body line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.218-221
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find the differences of the real somatotype and the ideal somato type and fashion image sought in female collegians by somatotype. In addition, WHR, CWR, and body cathexis was analysed. ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and x2 test was used as statistical analyses. The results were as follows. 1. WHR of thin, regular, fat somatotype was 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively while CWR was 0.77 in thin, 0.81 in regular, 0.80 in fat somatotype. The respondents who considered themselves overweight recognized themselves fatter than real weight. 2. They were not satisfied with bust girth in thin, thigh part and calf part in regular people, and all part except foot length, hand length and sleeve length. 3. Clothing image sought by 45.5% female collegians was fashionable and raffine and that sought by 10.4% female collegians was elegant and graceful. 4. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of those thought, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

This research checked about the necessity for the development of men's dress forms in the first investigation for the educational circle and the men's wear industry. Somatotype characteristics were analyzed in the second investigation of body measurement with the subjects of 200 male adults in their twenties residing in Busan. The following are the results of the present research to develop male dress forms for patternmaking: 1. In the group analysis for the characterization of front body types, three somatotypes were found and named H, Semi X, and Y. In the cluster analysis of side body types, four types were identified: D, I, d, and q. In the combination of front and lateral body types, four kinds were chosen: semi X-I, semi X-q, semi Y-I, and Y-q. 2. Through the comparison of plane figures by the plaster method as well as horizontal and vertical cross sections by the sliding gauge method, semi X-I was finally chosen as the standard somatotype for male dress form development. 3. Compared with the sliding gauge method of the present dress forms, the research dress form reflected better the shapes of the parts of the back and hips and the position of the waist, especially for males in their 20's. In addition, the dress form in the current research had superior points in all the items of clothing evaluation. Based on the above results, the sizes and models of the men's dress forms for patternmaking were developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1386-1397
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to classify and analyze the somatotype of early middle-aged women and to provide its total data for clothing construction, and to improve clothing culture. The subjects were 277 early middle-aged women between 35 and 44 years old. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 10 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 86.13 percent of total variance. 2. Using factor scores, cluster analysis was carried out and the subject were classified into 4 cluster. Type 1 is tall, slim, and X type in front. Type 2 is standard height and weight, short upper body, and hip-protruded on the side. Type 3 is standard height, thin, H type in front, back and hip are clearly protruded, and lean-back type on the side. Type 4 is standard height, fat, and long upper body. 3. According to the stepwise discriminant analysis, the 8 important iems is classifying the somatotype of early middle-aged women are as follows : bust girth, back length hip breadth-waist breadth, back protruded point depth(back)-back waist depth(back), hip tangent tilt, hip depth(back) waist dapth(back), bust depth-waist depth, and cervical hight, The correct classification rate for these items is as exact as 83.20%.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2012

An analysis of adult women's somatotypes classified by drop values can provide important preliminary data in determining standard clothing sizes for mass production of ready-made clothes. This is because the values are based on measurements of girth, which is essential information in the size-setting process. Adult women's body types are classified according to drop values in a standard clothing size system adopted by Korea and several other countries. This study aims to identify somatotype characteristics of adult women aged 20 to 69 by using five types of drop values: bust-waist, hip-waist, hip-bust, abdomen-waist, and hip-abdomen. Statistical cluster analysis of collected data revealed four somatotypes among adult women. Type R, with a developed lower body, accounted for 36.6%, and its bodyline was found to be closest to the average adult woman. Type X, constituting 25.4%, had the curviest contours of all and relatively large hip measurements, with the thinnest figure. Flat abdomen and hips characterized type Y, which accounted for 18.9%. Lastly, 19.0% fell into type H, the most obese figure, in which abdomen girth exceeded hip measurements. Since type H has excess fat deposits in the abdomen, not only hip measurements but also abdomen girth should be considered when designing top longer than torso-length and bottoms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

To find the differences between the real somatotype and the ideal somatotype, WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio), WCR(Waist to Chest Ratio), and body cathexis were analysed by using ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and $x^2$ test. Fashion image sought by female collegians was surveyed, too. The results were as follows. WHRs in slim, usual, fat body type were 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83 and WCRs were 0.77, 0.81, 0.80. The respondents who considered themselves to be overweight recognized themselves to be fatter than their real weight. They were not satisfied with their bust girth in slim body type, thighs and calves in usual body type, and all parts except for foot length, hand length and arm length in fat body type. 60% of the thin people considered their body hourglass shape, 30.4% of regular people recognized their body triangle type, 43.8% of fat people thought their body was round form. They thought current ideal body size was bigger in height and bust girth and smaller in waist girth and hip girth, and weight than real body size. Also they responded ideal body shape was an hourglass type independent of somatotype. The pursuit of clothing image was that 45.5% of female collegians were fashionable and raffine and 10.4% of female collegians was elegant and graceful. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of the respondents, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare somatotypes from various classification methods, to analyze the interrelation among each somatotype or each high frequency type, and to suggest the basis to interpret body size and shape more accurately. As a sample, the subjects were 97 Korean females between 18 and 24 years old. They were measured both anthropometric and photographic measuring in November, 1999. Their somatotypes were classified by three kinds of classification methods. The first method was based on the lateral view of body, the second involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body, and the third involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the anthropometric measurements of whole body. The upper body was classified into three types, and the lower body was classified into 6 types from the lateral view of body. The bend-forward/q-2 was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the lateral view of body', and the Straight/n-1 was found to be the 'Straight type from the lateral view of body'. From the classification by the analysis of photographic measurements, the anterior body was classified into three types, the lateral was classified into 4 types. The X/${\varepsilon}$ type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body'. From the classification by the analysis of anthropometric measurements, the whole body was classified into three types. The i type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of anthropometric measurements of whole body'. The significant interrelation was certified among some somatotypes or some High-frequency types. We found that both the view of body and the statistical analysis would make the clear definition of each somatotype possible. In order to certify the representativeness of High-frequency type, further analysis would be required of subjects who were in the High-frequency type and their body parts were in the High-frequency range.