• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-234
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• 2005

As so clearly have been demonstrated in the Gulf War and Iraq Freedom Fight, along with the civilian space exploration and development, the 'militarization' of aerospace technology and the 'battlefield-worthiness' of space are becoming more and more at issue. Korean peninsula, the last major theatre where the 4 world powers' national interests stand face to face, no doubt is in dire need for understanding and organizing necessary legislations for establishing national security from any space threats, such as satellite imaging, as well as countering against such threats. Compare to United States, Japan and China that have already declared the national security as the purpose of the space development, and equipped themselves with necessary legislations, Korea's legislations fall short of fully appreciating and effectively responding to the significance of military use of outer space and its control. This article will review legislations of leading countries' of space law and space technologies from two different perspectives. After briefly summarizing the problems of Korea's current legislations, particularly with the National Space Development Act (proposal), drafted by Ministry of Science and Technology, in mind, this article reviews and offers certain legislative directions to which Korea should pursuel for national security of outer space.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2020

Currently, urban regeneration is carried out mostly in a permanent and fixed way of planning, and due to the nature of the master plan, it is limited to immediately accepting the opinions of residents. In this study, the factors of idle space were derived based on a temporary use strategy, and the direction of idle space was presented by comparing the importance of experts with the survey of residents' perceptions and preferences. As a result, residents preferred to improve the aging physical environment first because of the target location characteristics, while experts ranked it in line to reflect the importance of the use of temporary uses that can quickly improve the urban environment. Therefore, it is desirable to recognize the importance of the temporary use strategy and to refine the priorities of the two groups and conduct a temporary test to derive the optimal utilization measures and reflect them in the master plan. In order to implement a temporary use strategy in the future, it is necessary to present a space utilization plan that reflects detailed prior investigation through analysis of target location characteristics and usage patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methodology for revitalization of public spaces for mixed-use residential building. For the purpose, I have taken a literature research and a site analysis with cases of 'Kyungsung Univ.·Bukyung Nat'l Univ. Station'-area in Busan City. The analysis framework was consist of spatial composition, street facilities, use behavior, and connection with the street. The result of this study is as follows; 1) It is needed to consist of an empty space practically usable in an open location that is easy to access by the general public. 2) Considering the use of people, it is needed to install street furniture that can actually be used for rest. 3) It is needed to make a plan and design that considers the access and use of the general public and the space through it. 4) It is needed to create a synergistic effect in the integration of the street and the public space and the linkage with the street through this.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.45-56
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• 1997

In the process of modermization the problem of environment destruction has become a worldwide issue. And now this problem is a concern for all branches of science, including that of architectural desigv. This thesis tries to find the meaning of ecological architectural space, one that encreases the organic relationship, and communication, between architectrual space and urban environmental space, between human beings and architecture, and between human beings and their environment. As an example, we will take a look at the architectural space-design of Frei Otto, who offers diverse creative ecological architectural forms. His concept of architecture has the critical character when compared with the traditionan conventional concept of architecture. The ecological characteristics of his architectural spacedesign can be summarized as follows: The first characteristic is his ample use of natural objects in the architectural structure. An ample use of living things like trees and plants as well as of inanimate thing like water, wind as architectural elements enhances the functional efficiency of architecture. The second characteristic is its ecological architectural system, which saves energy faciliates ventilation by changing the position and direction of the building, by systematically applying the materials, and by efficiently arranging the inner space. The third characteristic is the dematerialization of architecture and the use of materials that are economical and appropriate for the circulation system of nature. The use of natural elements and recycling natural objects, makes it possible to reuse materials of the destroyed building. In short, the ecological architecture of Frei Otto, which shows the relation between human beings and architecture, presents diverse possibilities of the archtectural space as a complex natural system, which is more than a simple combination of separatge elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2000

The school space has been recognized only as the space for the education and training of children. However, since most of the school is located in the center of the regional community, the school space must be not only the space of the education and training of children, but the space for the regional inhabitants' community in the future. The present study is aiming to investigate the architectural background and to utilize the multi-use facilities of schools which are taken a role of facilities of gymnasium and auditorium.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.419-477
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• 2017

In Space contains valuable natural resources. These provide a compelling reason for entrepreneurs, investors, and governments to pursue space exploration and settlement. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 explicitly forbids any government from claiming a celestial resource such as the Moon or a planet. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty states that "outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means." The U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015 (CSLCA), however, makes significant advances in furthering U.S. commercial space industry, which explicitly allows U.S. citizens to engage in the commercial exploration and exploitation of 'space resources' including water and minerals. Thus, some scholars argue that the United States recognizing ownership of space resources is an act of sovereignty, and that the act violates the Outer Space Treaty. This paper suggests that it is necessary to guarantee the right to resources harvested in outer space. More specifically, a private ownership of extracted space resources needs to promote new space business and industry. As resources on Earth become increasingly difficult and expensive to mine, it is clear that our laws and policies must encourage private appropriation of space resources. CSLCA which addresses all aspects of space resource extraction will be one way to encourage space commercial activity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.104-110
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• 2001

This study examines the space composition and character of German Modern Theater barre on the theory of typology and interpreter in the european traditional classic theater. Contemporary multi purpose theater and public space is considered as a symbolic representation of the classic theater's organization. In the historical theory, modern theater was a common tool and best systeme in reflecting people's lives. This role of greece-roman theater as life cycle and new style of theater permanent design has get its value with the population increase and the urban centralization of the city and urban common sense. This study attempts to reevaluate the need of space typology in modern society through a critical review of theater and its use as a open space design. Content analysis was used to discuss the topics of this study including the historical background of the theater, the relationship between amphitheater and modern theater design, and the role of scenery, auditorium and its impact on urban environment. The scope of the study is limited to the comparison of classic theater and german modern theater space use program from the space critic and sociologist. Today the concept of theatrical space is altered with the typology of classic and interpreter space. This study provides insights for the future implications of theatrical space in developing public space for its a new definition as cultural representation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

In case of Senior Hospitals, meticulous care is required in both amount and quality of natural lighting because of the semi-long term residence of patients. Natural lighting has a huge impact on the physical and psychological part for the seniors. Likewise, natural lighting is an important factor considered for hospital design because it can also effect hospitalization period of patients. Research subject was K Senior Hospital which was determined as the courtyard-type building made to provide healing environment through natural lighting. Analysis was performed by dividing the space of K Senior Hospital into Central Treatment Department directly used by patients, Outpatient Department(OPD), Ward Department, Common Use Department. Research was carried out in two ways of integration value analysis using SPACE SYNTAX and illumination intensity analysis using ECOTECT. K Senior Hospital intended to actively let in natural light through courtyard and to make patients exposed to natural light when they walk along the circuit corridor built around the courtyard. This environmental consideration affected the utilization rate of Common Use Department and residence time of patients raising the average of Common Use Department on every floor. As a resuit of this study presenting type C and type D, part of four types of illumination intensity, takes higher percentage of almost every spaces compare to the others therefore K Senior Hospital was designed on the assumption of healing environment composition through natural light. The result of this research would be used meaningfully in the space programming phase of Senior Hospitals in the future. Utilization rate can be adjusted using illumination intensity value in the space that integration rate should be planed to be high. The use(purpose) of space and integration rate can be used as a guideline to set illumination intensity of natural.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out to meaning and practical use of 'Anbang' of which unique roles and function has not been changed till now since Chosun dynasty. The Study has been carried out by selecting 27 novels in which the word 'Anbang' mentioned frequently and analyzing the sentences with 'Anbang' . The major finding were summarized as follows: 1. Since Chosun dynasty till now, 'Anbang' in most important space for Korean in residential area its meaning and practical use had not been changed. 2. The meaning of Anbang could be categorized into two parts; One was general symbolic meaning which was perceived mentally in general and the other was specific symbolic meaning which was varied by uses. In case of general symbolic meaning 'Anbang' implied a space with light turned on late at night, a very special space from the point of interior decoration and size, a space to keep very important stuffs and a space to deal with very important business. In case of specific symbolic meaning during Chosun dynasty, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply a mistress as major occupant was a mistress. Since then, gradually, 'Anbang' was used as a pronoun to imply married couple as married couple becomes major occupant. 3. The practical use of 'Anbang' cold be categorized into two; One was routine usage and the other was exceptional usage. The typical routine use were sleeping, dining family gathering, visitor greeting, clothes changing and sewing. The exceptional use were a Sebae(new year's bow), Pyebaek(make a deep bow and offer her gifts to her parents-in-law) and patient curing.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2003

In this paper, we use a generalized Brownian motion process to define a translation theorem. First we establish the translation theorem for function space integrals. We then obtain the general translation theorem for functionals on function space.