• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2016

Multi-server queueing systems with retrials are widely used to model problems in a call center. We present an explicit formula for an approximation of the queue length distribution in a multi-server retrial queue, by using the Lerch transcendent. Accuracy of our approximation is shown in the numerical examples.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2020

We aim to reinterpret Bong Joon-ho's Snowpiercer through theory of posthumanism. Posthuman is a compound word of 'post' and 'human', which means transcendent-man. However, we would like to extend the meaning of posthuman or cyborgs as not only to "new human figure, or transcendent-man" but as to "human living in a digital age of converged technology". Through the extension of the meaning of posthuman, we would be able to not only find posthuman in Science Fiction movies but also apply it to our real world. Also, through the extended meaning, we will reinterpret all the elements from the film as cyberspace and as posthuman or cyborgs. Moreover, through examination of these "cyborg figures" in Bong Joon-ho's Snowpiercer (2013), we argue that the film is criticizing posthumanism in the reality that these days, people are losing the humanity due to the combination with the machine. It seems that he claims of the collapse of the current system, suggesting new human generation as the solution.

• 기독교교육논총
• /
• 제74권
• /
• pp.159-188
• /
• 2023

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 융의 개성화 과정에 비추어 본 주선애의 영성형성과정에 관한 글이다. 영성은 학자들에 따라 그 정의가 다양하지만 공통된 특징은 자기초월이라는 것이다. 이러한 자기 초월은 나와의 관계, 타인과의 관계, 초월자와의 관계에서 일어날 수 있는데 나와의 관계에서는 자기 객관화로, 타인과의 관계에서는 타자 지향으로, 초월자와의 관계에서는 초월자를 향하는 것으로 나타날 수 있다. 영성은 삶을 둘러싸고 통합하는 점에서 개인의 정체성과 관계가 깊다. 이러한 영성형성은 융의 개성화 과정과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 그 이유는 융의 페르조나와 자아의 분리, 그림자 인식은 자기 객관화의 차원과 관계가 깊기 때문이다. 또한 개성화 과정에서 일어나는 그림자 투사 철회는 타인을 비난하기보다는 자신의 그림자를 인식하며, 타인을 선입견 없이 바라보게 하는 점에서 타자 지향과 관계가 깊다. 개성화 과정의 원동력인 자기(Self)의 상징이 예수 그리스도라는 것은 초월자 하나님과의 관계로 나아가는 영성과 융의 이론이 밀접한 관계가 있다는 것을 말해준다. 그렇기에 융의 개성화 과정을 통해 영성형성과정을 살펴보면 영성의 심리역동적인 차원을 더 잘 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 본 글은 주선애의 영성형성과정을 융의 개성화 과정을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 주선애는 98년의 생애를 통해 민족의 아픔과 고난, 개인의 역경과 어려움을 겪었지만, 그러한 고난과 갈등, 어려운 순간을 통해 개성화 과정을 이루었다. 따라서 문헌연구로 주선애의 개성화 과정을 통해 영성형성과정을 살펴봄으로써 기독교 영성교육의 방향을 고찰하고자 한다. 결론 및 제언 : 본 연구를 통해 주선애의 영성형성의 특징을 세 가지로 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 회개의 삶을 통해 페르조나와 자아의 동일시가 약화된다는 것이다. 둘째, 새로운 소명을 통해 자아가 발달하고 개성화를 이루는 것이다. 셋째, 그림자 통합의 과정에서 십자가의 예수 그리스도를 경험하고, 성화의 과정을 이룬다는 것이다. 이러한 주선애의 영성형성의 특징을 통해 기독교 영성교육의 방향을 살펴보면 기독교 영성교육은 수직적 차원과 수평적 차원의 조화를 이루는 교육이 되어야 하며, 일상의 삶에서 초월적 하나님을 경험하는 교육이 되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 참된 자기 자신이 되고 하나님 사랑과 이웃 사랑을 실천하는 참된 그리스도인이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.405-411
• /
• 2014

Queueing systems with retrials are widely used to model many problems in call centers, telecommunication networks, and in daily life. We present a very accurate but simple approximate formula for the distribution of the number of retrying customers in the M/G/1 retrial queue.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.879-886
• /
• 2023

해양경찰공무원은 직무를 수행하면서 조직의 목표 뿐만 아니라 개인의 삶과 연결되어 있다. 이에 해양경찰공무원의 직업 소명의식과 직무열의는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 이 연구는 해양경찰공무원의 발전에 대한 직업소명의식과 직무열의의 관계를 검증하는데 주목적이 있다. 연구의 진행을 위해 해양경찰공무원 136명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 직업소명의식의 하위변인은 초월적 부름, 목적·의미 존재, 친사회적 지향 동기로 구성되었으며, 직무열의는 활력, 몰두, 헌신으로 구성하였다. 검증 결과 해양경찰공무원이 인식하는 직업소명의식 하위변인인 초월적 부름과 목적·의미 존재는 직무열의의 하위변인 활력, 헌신, 몰두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 직업소명의식 하위변인 친사회적 지향 동기는 직무열의 하위변인인 활력, 헌신, 몰두에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 통해 해양경찰 조직의 실무적 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2021

Recently, discussions on Metaverse, which represents the transcendent world, have been dominant for some time. Cases related to the Metaverse are introduced through various media and are continuously attracting attention as the next generation of the Internet. This study reviews the business model and the ecosystem overview, focusing on service cases related to the Metaverse. The widely used business models include content production and sales, media brokerage fee, and marketing fee. The Metaverse ecosystem is formed around games, with major players in game production, authoring tool & support SW, intelligent cloud service, and game platform expected to lead the market. Results show that a strategy to secure the leadership of the Metaverse, such as the business model expansion conditions, a strategy to foster a game-oriented Metaverse ecosystem, and technology development for the realization of the ultra-realistic Metaverse, is necessary.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2022

The perceiving a calling scale is composed of three constructs: transcendent sermon, meaningful and prosocial aspects. Based on the multiple group confirmatory factor analysis from the structural equation model, we confirmed the measurement invariance between Christians and non-Christians at the scale level. Furthermore, to investigate the mean difference between Christians and non-Christians, we performed latent mean analysis. The results showed that the three-factor structure is equivalent across Christians and non-Christians, and further confirmed metric invariance and scalar invariance. Thus, the perceived calling scale is applicable to both Christians and non-Christians without biases. We also examined mean differences between the two groups. Christians demonstrated significantly higher scores on the three factors but no difference on the living a calling. This study provided meaningful information in understanding calling, and we discussed limitations and future directions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2021

The most widely used instrument to assess perceiving a calling, the CVQ(Calling and Vocational Questionnaire), is composed of three constructs: transcendent sermon, purposeful work, and prosocial orientation. Recently assessing perceiving a calling has received great attention and it is critical not only for job incumbents but also college students who are in the job search stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate measurement invariance of the Korean CVQ between employees and college students. 339 job incumbents and 252 college students participated in this study, and based on the multiple group confirmatory factor analysis from the structural equation model, we confirmed the measurement invariance between employees and college students at the scale level. Thus, the perceived calling scale is applicable to both employees and college students without biases. This study provided meaningful information in understanding calling, and we discussed limitations and future directions.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.967-977
• /
• 2001

This study explored and described the living spiritual experience and was attempted to gain an understanding of spirituality. This was done by eliciting participants′ verbal descriptions of their experiences. Method: Data was obtained from in-depth interviews with one cancer patient, one pastor, and three missionaries after obtaining informed consent from each. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi′s phenomenological method. Sandelowski′s evaluation criteria for qualitative research, such as reliability, suitability and auditability, were also used to establish reliability and validity of this study. Result: The five major theme clusters that designated the essence of the spiritual experience, "spiritual awareness," "interconnectedness," "love," "tran- scendent energy," "purpose and meaning in life," emerged from the analysis. Conclusion: This study revealed that spirituality was activated by awareness through introspection and interconnectedness with a Supreme Being. The interconnectedness with a Supreme Being played an important role in harmonious relationships with others and self. It also resulted in revealing the other beneticial attributes of spirituality. Love, the core concept of the interconnectedness, worked as a transcendent energy. Also, the ability to see beyond reality and resulted in finding meaning in life and accomplishing well being.

• 중국학논총
• /
• 제61호
• /
• pp.127-153
• /
• 2019

In this article, I singled out the examples of punishment and compensation seen in Liaozhaizhiyi which is an eighteenth century collection of short stories, and reconstructed the viewpoint of Chinese fortune and misfortune and furthermore presented the cultural meanings that this viewpoint has. The traits of Chinese culture seen in Liaozhaizhiyi are classified as follows: ① Only after carrying on a family line by birth of son(s), a happy conclusion can be made. ② AMain character passes state exam or alternatively his son(s) passes them. ③ Beautiful women / women given as reward have special abilities and talents. ④ Mostly, punishment and Compensation are made on a family basis, not on an individual basis. ⑤ Misfortune derives from a main character's desire; fortune from his sacrifice. ⑥ Norm and criteria for the punishment and compensation are based on confucianism but the procedure of the execution is based on taoism, buddhism, transcendent being and rules of folk religions.