• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2183-2188
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• 2009

This paper describes an automatic mesh generation system for finite element analysis of three-dimensional cracks. It is consisting of fuzzy knowledge processing, bubble meshing and solid geometry modeler. This novel mesh generation process consists of three sub-processes: (a) definition of geometric model, i.e. analysis model, (b) generation of bubbles, and (c) generation of elements. One of commercial solid modelers is employed for three-dimensional crack structures. Bubble is generated if its distance from existing bubble points is similar to the bubble spacing function at the point. The bubble spacing function is well controlled by the fuzzy knowledge processing. The Delaunay method is introduced as a basic tool for element generation. Practical performances of the present system are demonstrated through several mesh generations for 3D cracks.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

Recent opening of the era of local government and management randers study tasks concerning the improvement of the housing conditions by improving the problems in the residential conditions of the cheju Island region so as to help improve the life qualities of this legion make the area as an international resort place, and thus develop the indentify in the heat of the people in this region. The suggestions based on the study for the improvement of housing environment are summarized as follows: (1) To improve the collective housing. housing construction plan shall b made in harmony with the skylines of the Hanra mountain alongside the East-West rides across the long diameter of the oval shape of the Island, which includes 1) the construction of housing complex in harmony with and taking advantage of the natural scene of the area. and 2) the construction of variable housing readjustable in accordance with each family structure of variable housings for multi-families, which are believed not to provide quality housing conditions. Shall be entrained. (2) Encouraging the construction of detached house : 1) construction of housings in which three generations can reside together according to the traditional family structure in the region. 2) construction of the pastoral housings. 3) construction of tenement housings partitioned for each two families. 4) development of sliver town in the rural area. (3) Using the construction mateials produced in the Cheju I land will help promote the development of identity in the heart of the people in this region.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Purpose - The paper aims to propose an optimization model for supporting the buyer-seller negotiations. We consider the price, quality, and delivery as evaluation criteria, also recognized as objectives for negotiation. Research design, data, and methodology - The methodology used in this paper involves the input-oriented DEA with the inverse optimization. Under the existence of several potential suppliers, the price would be considered to be the decision variable to conclude the negotiation so as to meet the desired level of the quality and delivery. The data set for six suppliers with three criteria is examined by the proposed approach. Results - We present the decision aid model by displaying the price spectrum as the changes of desired output levels. It overcomes the shortcomings from previous researches mainly based on the discrete types of scenario generations. This approach shows that the obtained results help the buyer understand the trade-offs between price and performance when he/she considers the negotiation. Conclusions - The paper contributes to the numerical models for buyer-supplier negotiation in that the model for the supplier evaluation and selection is closely linked with the model for negotiation. In addition, it eliminates the unrealistic negotiation strategy, and provides the negotiation strategies that the buyer would not shift the burden on suppliers by maintaining the current efficiency.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.208-221
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the hair style, and perceiver's generation on the perception of a high schoolgirl's image. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used. The subjects were 253 high schoolgirls and their mothers living in Jinju. The data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha-reliability coefficient, three-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple ranges test. The high schoolgirl's image was derived in five dimensions by factor analysis: schoolgirl look, prettiness, individuality, activeness, and cuteness. In the image based on the hair length, it was assessed that the short cut and the bobbed hair styles looked more like school girls. And the short cut and long hair styles were considered as showing individuality. On the other hand, the bobbed hair style was assessed as cuter than styles of other lengths. For the bangs, the short bangs were found to more school-girl look and cuter than the long bangs. The mother group, whose ages were older than that of the other group, evaluated that the stimulative pictures had more school-girl look, individuality, prettiness, activeness and cuteness, compared to how the school girl group evaluated. It was shown that the generation gap produced different opinions about the stimulative pictures. Therefore hair style, bangs style, and difference in generations were found to be the variables affecting perception of high school girl image.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-175
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to survey the patterns of intergenerational financial resource transfers among three generations, and to examine the effects of providers' financial resources on intergenerational financial resource transfers. The paper presents an analysis of data from KReIS on the financial transfers provided by the aged 40-69 years to their parents and children. The results show that around one-third of the respondents reported providing financial resource transfers to their parents, and that about half of the respondents provided financial transfers to their children. In terms of the other direction of financial transfers, a small percentage of the respondents received financial transfers from their parents otherwise more than half of the respondents reported having financial transfers from their children. Considering age differences among the respondents, we find that respondents in the age 60s are more likely to receive financial transfers from their children than those in the age 50s or 40s. Statistically significant determinants of providing financial transfers are different from who received transfers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 1997

A genetic algorithm (GA) is a stochastic direct search strategy that mimics the process of genetic evolution. The GA applied herein works on a population of structural designs at any one time, and uses a structured information exchange based on the principles of natural selection and wurvival of the fittest to recombine the most desirable features of the designs over a sequence of generations until the process converges to a "maximum fitness" design. Principles of genetics are adapted into a search procedure for structural optimization. The methods consist of three genetics operations mainly named selection, cross- over and mutation. In this study, a method of finding the optimum topology of truss/beam structure is pro- posed by using the GA. In order to use GA in the optimum topology problem, chromosomes to FEM elements are assigned, and a penalty function is used to include constraints into fitness function. The results show that the GA has the potential to be an effective tool for the optimal design of structures accounting for sizing, geometrical and topological variables.variables.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2019

Post-earthquake crisis management is a key capability for a country to be able to recover after a major seismic event. Instrumental seismic data transmitted and processed in a very short time can contribute to better management of the emergency and can give insights on the earthquake's impact on a specific area. Romania is a country with a high seismic hazard, mostly due to the Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes. The elastic acceleration response spectrum of a seismic motion provides important information on the level of maximum acceleration the buildings were subjected to. Based on new data analysis and knowledge advancements, the acceleration elastic response spectrum for horizontal ground components recommended by the Romanian seismic codes has been evolving over the last six decades. This study aims to propose a framework for post-earthquake warning based on code spectrum exceedances. A comprehensive background analysis was undertaken using strong motion data from previous earthquakes corroborated with observational damage, to prove the method's applicability. Moreover, a case-study for two densely populated Romanian cities (Focsani and Bucharest) is presented, using data from a $5.5M_W$ earthquake (October 28, 2018) and considering the evolution of the three generations of code-based spectral levels for the two cities. Data recorded in free-field and in buildings were analyzed and has confirmed that no structural damage occurred within the two cities. For future strong seismic events, this tool can provide useful information on the effect of the earthquake on structures in the most exposed areas.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.245-253
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• 2020

With the ever-increasing height of timber buildings, the complexity of timber as a structural material gives rise to behaviors not previously studied by engineers. An urgent call is needed regarding their performance in damage scenarios: activating alternative load paths in tall timber buildings is not the same as in tall buildings made with steel and concrete. In this paper we propose a robustness framework covering all building materials, whose application in timber may lead to new conceptual designs for the next generation of tall timber buildings. Qualitatively, the importance of building scale and the distinction between localized and systematic exposures are discussed, and how existing supertall structures can be an example for future generations of tall timber buildings. Quantitatively, the robustness index is introduced alongside a method to calculate the performance of a given building regarding robustness, in order to find the most cost-effective structural solutions for improved robustness. A three-level application recommendation is made, depending on the importance of the building in question. Primarily, the paper highlights the importance of conceptual design to achieve structural robustness and encourages the practicing engineering community to use the proposed framework to quantitatively come up with the new generation of tall timber buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 1993

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding of aromatic burley tobacco, and to select the breeding lines with higher DVT (diterpenes $\alpha$-and $\beta$-4, 8, 13-duvatriene-1, 3-diols) and cis-abienol (Z-labda-12, 14-diene-8$\alpha$-ol) concentrations. The parental genotypes used to develop the Fl and Fl generations were Burley 21, Ky 17, male-sterile(MS) NC 107, TC 612, TC 613, Va 509 and Tl 1068. To estimated the modes of inheritances of DVT and cis-abienol known as the flavor and aroma compounds, the method of thin - layer chromatography (TLC) was used. It was considered that TLC procedure being relatively simple and reproducible in the selection of the breeding lines with higher DVT and cis-abienol. DVT was present in all of parents except MS NC 107, but cia-abienol presented only in Tl 1068. It was estimated from the TLC analysis of parents and Fl's that DVT and cis-abienol were each inherited by dominant gene or genes. But it was less clear to determine the presence or not of sucrose ester(SE) on the TLC plate. The eleven plants which had burley leaf color and also estimated to have DVT and cis-abienol were selected in the F2 population of three combinations.