• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 1998

Hand washing is an important component of hygiene program for food handlers. Hands can be a source of direct or indirect contamination of foods with pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the effectiveness of hand washing methods and the use of 70% alcohol solution against transient skin bacteria was tested in an university foodservice facility. 70% alcohol solution is sprayed for 5 seconds automatically when hands are placed in the dispenser. Samples were taken using swab technique in meat cutting area, vegetable trimming area, and vegetable cutting area: before and after washing hands according to planned methods, and after being sprayed with 70% alcohol solution after washing hands. The bacteriological analysis of total plate counts, coliform, fecal coliform of food handlers' hands was done. Statistical data analysis was completed with Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis model using the SPSS program. The levels of initial contamination of workers' hand were significantly different by the work areas($x^2$=9.156, p<0.01). Workers in the vegetable trimming area had more heavily soiled hands than in the other work areas. Mean of TPC counts and coliform was 8.97×$10^5$ CFU/12.4$cm^2$, 2.93×$10^2$ MPN/12.4$cm^2$ respectively, but fecal coliform was not detected. Transient bacteria were removed from hands after washing and using 70% alcohol solution but were not removed completely. Mean reduction percentage in TPC varied among work areas and ranged from 93.19% to 94.99%, and in coliforms from 97.31% to 100%. A significant difference in TPC was found between before and after hand disinfection (Z=-2.714, p<.01) and between standardized hand washing procedures and un-standardized hand washing procedures(z=-2.301, p<.01). Subjects using the hand sanitizer showed a great elimination of TPC(99.45% reduction), but this effect was valid only after following proper washing procedures. Based on the results, the most effective hand washing method was recommended as the combination of the standardized hand washing procedure with warm-water and use of the 70% alcohol solution. The results can be used to develop hand hygiene programs and training strategies for enhancing hand hygiene practices for food handlers in foodservice operations.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.33-56
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• 2007

This study explores the pattern of socio-demographic characteristics of divorced couples of international marriage in Korea. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of dissimilarity between husband and wife on the duration of marriage of divorced couples. It examines whether the differences of socioeconomic characteristics of the married couples are linked to different process within their relationships and duration of marriage. Attention is focused on couple's age and education. Micro-data from divorce registration for the period of 1995-2005 are utilized. Results of analyses reveal the following. First, married couples may have different responses to dissimilarity between the partners according to the combination of nationality of the couples. This indicates that cross-border marriage does not represent the same type of union in different societies or cultures. Second, both dissimilarities of age and education show negative impacts on the marital duration of the couples with foreign wives, but there is a difference in its pattern. Age dissimilarity displays higher impacts on the duration. Third, the result also indicates that the contribution of dissimilarity of age and education on marital duration is relatively small among the couples with foreign husbands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated based on scientific evidence by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to the emerging data. Therefore, a periodic re-evaluation may be needed in some functional ingredients. In this study, we re-evaluated the scientific evidence for the joint health of glucosamine as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using Pubmed, Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases with the search term of glucosamine in combination with osteoarthritis. The search was limited to human studies published in English, Korean and Japanese. Using the MFDS's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 34 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting the relation between glucosamine and joint health. Among the 34 studies, significant effects for joint health were reported in 28 studies, and their daily intake amount was 1.5 to 2 g. Eleven out of 34 studies were identified, excluding severe radiographic osteoarthritis, and ten from those eleven studies reported significant effects for joint health. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between glucosamine intake and joint health.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the scenic value of the Gyungin Ara waterway in real estate prices. Apart from the multi-functionality such as transportation of passengers and freight, prevention of floods, and provision of leisure areas, the Ara waterway possesses a scenic function which offers people esthetic value through unique and beautiful scenery. This scenic function is an externality for apartment residents living nearby. The applied methodology for this research is the Hedonic Price Model (HPM) which creates a cause and effect model between real estate prices and attributes. Variables such as apartment sale prices, complex characteristics, location characteristics, timely characteristics have been deduced through data collected from a total of 4,207 households that have experienced actual transactions during the same period, all located within the scenic benefit boundaries of the waterway. Landscape variable has been derived from algorithm designed by a combination of digital map and Google Mapview. The scenic value of the waterway estimated through the application of HPM on these variables is 165,000 Won per area (pyeong). The regional asset enhancing effect caused by the landscape view of the waterway is estimated to be 89.1 billion won.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.501-510
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• 2016

Because hotels contain the cultural and artistic information of an era and plays a role as an iconic building to experience the unique regional culture, they are more than just a building. In recent years, as Jeju is emerging as a popular tourist city, a multi-functional and systematic plan for hotels is needed. Therefore, this study provides basic design data for hotel construction in the future by analyzing the public space of the luxury tourist hotels on Seogwipo-si. The public space of hotels, divided into service, food and beverage, banquet, leisure and convenience space, are categorized in terms of the cross combination type, entrance space form, plan type, unit space form to understand their relativity in the public space of hotels. This study reviewed the hotel construction based on the reference and literature, and, visited the sites to determine the current general status of hotels and then analyzed the architectural planning factors and spatial composition types.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-96
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of sex ratio imbalance at birth in Taegu which has experienced the extremely imbalanced sex ratio at birth since mid-1980s. This paper attempts to compare the determinants of sex ratio imbalance at birth, such as sex discrimination against women, son preference, prenatal sex identification followes by sex-selective induced abortions, among married women aged 25 to 44 in Taegu with those in Bay area, California in USA. The research is based on the survey data which were conducted in Taegu, Repulic of Korea and Bay area, California in USA. The findings of this analysis suggest that married women in Taegu are more likely to feel sex discrimination against women than married women in Bay area. Furthermore, the percentage of married women's effort for son bearing before pregnancy is much higher than that of married women in Bay area. We also have found that the percentage of sex-selective induced abortion in Taegu is six times higher than that of married women in Bay area. According to the logistic regression analysis, the determinants of sex-selective induced abortion among married women in Taegu are discrimination against women, son preference, prenatal sex identification. On the other hand, age is the only variable which has an important impact on sex-selective induced abortion among married women in Bay area. From the findings of this study, we can conclude that son preference based on Cofucianism is the most important impact on sex ratio imbalance at birth in Taegu where son preference is much stronger than other regions in Korea. The phenomenon of extremely imbalanced sex ratio at birth in Taegu is the result of combination of these factors, such as strong son preference, seeking to have at least one son within small family size, and prenatal sex identification followed by sex-selective induced abortion.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2013

In recent years, it was recognized that aurban policy paradigm of sustainable urban growth management and transportation policies have been shifted : from the era of automobile-oriented policy to the era of public transport policy. Against this backdrop, the introduction of the multi-modal transfer center is very consequential. Therefore, it is necessary for the introduction of wide-area and local-centric transfer facilities, as well as the center of the country-led national backbone transfer center. This study was applicable at the multi-modal transfer center plans to introduce guidelines to provide transit facilities, considering the regional and functional characteristics to classify the types of multi-modal transfer center. The final types of multi-modal transfer center were classified into six, and by considering the combination of the criteria to be classified. The multi-modal transfer center type classification based on the case analysis of the types of facilities at domestic and abroad. If the data of multi-modal transfer are accumulated continuously, can expect a more reliable type classification.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1268-1276
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• 2018

The cytidine analog decitabine (DEC) acts as a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, whereas ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible synergistic inhibitory effect of these two inhibitors on proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cells. The inhibitory effect of PDTC on AGS cell proliferation was significantly increased by DEC in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and the induction of apoptosis. This induction of apoptosis by the co-treatment with PDTC and DEC was related to the induction of DNA damage, as assessed by H2AX phosphorylation. Further studies demonstrated that co-treatment with PDTC and DEC induced the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, and down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, ultimately resulting in the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Co-treatment with PDTC and DEC also activated caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are representative caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Co-treatment also activated caspase-3, which was accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, these data clearly indicated that co-treatment with PDTC and DEC suppressed the proliferation of AGS cells by increasing DNA damage and activating the ROS-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.165-175
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• 2022

Earthquakes have occurred owing to movements on a fault since several billion years ago. Research on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater began in the 1960s in the United States, but related works, including hydrogeochemistry research, only began in the 2010s in South Korea. In this study, domestic studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater until 2021 were collected from the Web of Science and characterized by subject area (groundwater level, hydrogeochemistry, combination of the two, and others). The results showed that the number of published articles per year was positively correlated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and 2017 Pohang earthquake, with the maximum numbers observed in 2011, 2018, 2019, and 2020. Most studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater level addressed groundwater level fluctuations in the duration of the subject earthquake, with little consideration of the precursors. Groundwater level monitoring data, as well as hydrogeochemical information and microbial communities, may contribute to a more detailed understanding of groundwater flow and chemical reactions in bedrock caused by earthquakes. Therefore, the establishment of a national groundwater monitoring network for seismic monitoring and prediction is required.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.233-247
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• 2023

Recently, research on detecting objects in hidden spaces beyond the direct line-of-sight of observers has received attention. Most studies use optical equipment that utilizes the directional of light, but sound that has both diffraction and directional is also suitable for non-line-of-sight(NLOS) research. In this paper, we propose a novel method of detecting objects in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas using acoustic signals in the audible frequency range. We developed a deep learning model that extracts information from the NLOS area by inputting only acoustic signals and predicts the properties and location of hidden objects. Additionally, for the training and evaluation of the deep learning model, we collected data by varying the signal transmission and reception location for a total of 11 objects. We show that the deep learning model demonstrates outstanding performance in detecting objects in the NLOS area using acoustic signals. We observed that the performance decreases as the distance between the signal collection location and the reflecting wall, and the performance improves through the combination of signals collected from multiple locations. Finally, we propose the optimal conditions for detecting objects in the NLOS area using acoustic signals.