• Title/Summary/Keyword: test automation

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Evaluation of Setting Time in Cement Paste with Fly Ash Replacement Using Piezoelectric Sensors (압전센서를 이용한 플라이애시 치환 시멘트 페이스트의 응결 시점 평가)

  • Jun-Cheol Lee;Tae-Yong Go;Chang-Yong Yi
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 2024
  • This study investigated the setting characteristics of cement paste with varying proportions of fly ash replacement using the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) sensing technique. Cement paste samples were prepared with a water-to-binder ratio of 40 %, substituting fly ash for 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of the cement weight. Piezoelectric (PZT) sensors were embedded in the center of each cement paste sample to continuously monitor the EMI signals. Vicat needle test and semi-adiabatic calorimetry test were conducted to validate the reliability of the EMI sensing technique in monitoring the setting of cement paste. Experimental results revealed notable changes in the magnitude and resonant frequency of the EMI resonant peaks during the setting time. It was confirmed that the setting times measured through the EMI sensing technique were correlated with those determined by the Vicat needle test and semi-adiabatic calorimetry test.

An Investigation on the self-consciousness Symptoms of the Clerical Workers attendant upon Office Automation (사무 자동화에 따른 사무직 근로자의 건강과 연관된 자각 증상에 대한 조사연구)

  • Jung, Mi Wha
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.3
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 1993
  • According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.

    . In conclusion, the self-consciousness symptoms of the subjects to use OA apparatus appeared differently, according to sex distiction, skillfull degree of OA apparatus, use hours of OA apparatus, the rest hours during th use of OA apparatus, and the satiafaction degree of persent business. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse in the inuctry field must recognize to receive the education about the human technological physical condition which is most proper for te use of OA apparatus and about the proper rest method until they get accustomed to the use of OA apparatus. In addition, the simple exercise relax the tention of muscle due to the repetitive simple movement, and the education for the protection of eyesight are necessary.

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  • Model-based Test Cases Generation Method for Weapons System Software (무기체계 소프트웨어의 모델 기반 테스트 케이스 생성 방법)

    • Choi, Hyunjae;Lee, Youngwoo;Baek, Jisun;Kim, Donghwan;Cho, Kyutae;Chae, Heungseok
      • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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      • v.23 no.4
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      • pp.389-398
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      • 2020
    • Test cases in the existing weapon system software were created manually by the tester analyzing the test items defined in the software integration test procedure. However, existing test case generation method has two limitations. First, the quality of test cases can vary depending on the tester's ability to analyze the test items. Second, excessive time and cost may be incurred in writing test cases. This paper proposes a method to automatically generate test cases based on the requirements model and specifications to overcome the limitations of the existing weapon system software test case generation. Generate test sequences and test data based on the use case event model, a model representing the requirements of the weapon system software, and the use case specification specifying the requirements. The proposed method was applied to 8 target models constituting the avionics control system, producing 30 test sequences and 8 test data.

    Test Time Reduction of BIST Using Internal Nodes of a Circuit (회로 내부 노드를 이용한 BIST의 테스트 시간 감소)

    • 최병구;장윤석;김동욱
      • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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      • 1999.06a
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      • pp.397-400
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      • 1999
    • As the result of enhancement of CAD, Design Automation and manufacturing technology, it's on the increasing complexity, integration ratio, data signals, and pin count to IC chips. This brings about difficulties of testing, and incresing test time. Now One of the most cost-consuming procedure as integration ratio increases is the testing step. In this paper, we propose a new method, “Efficient TP(test point) assignment algorithm” using “input grouping”, This is helpful method to reducing test length without losing fault coverage. Experimental results show that proposed method reduces test length remarkably and doesn't miss fault coverage, with low hardware overhead Increasing.

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    Study on the Report Conformance Test of IEC 61850 based IED (IEC 61850기반 IED 대상 리포트 적합성 시험에 관한 연구)

    • Lee, N.H.;Jang, B.T.;Kim, J.H.;Song, I.J.;An, Y.H.
      • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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      • 2008.07a
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      • pp.241-242
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      • 2008
    • Korea Electric Power Research Institute has being carried out an IEC 61580 communication service test on IED trial products developed related to power IT project, "The verification of Performance of the Substation Automation System and Its Field Test". This paper presents reporting services of IEC 61850-8-1 and related UCA Test procedures, reporting test items are widely divided into unbuffered report and buffered report and this paper is dealing with unbuffered report.

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    Research on accelerated life test of pneumatic cylinder using two-way factorial design (이원배치법을 이용한 공기압 실린더의 가속수명시험에 관한 연구)

    • Kang, Bo-Sik;Kim, Hyoung-Eui;Yoo, Yung-Chul
      • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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      • 2008.11a
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      • pp.1303-1308
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      • 2008
    • In this study, we researched how to estimate life-stress relationship and acceleration factor through performing accelerated life test and analyzing it. The purpose of this study is to predict life of pneumatic cylinder within short time which is widely used in automation manufacturing line. In design of accelerated life test, we selected operating pressure and load that have the most influence on main failure mode of pneumatic cylinder as accelerated factor. We used two-way factorial design for arranging of test condition to accelerated factor and accelerated level.

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    Study on the Aptitude Test for Efficient Railroad Management (효율적인 철도교통을 위한 적성검사제도 연구)

    • Kang Soon-gy;Hong Jung-sik;Lee Jin-Sun
      • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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      • v.8 no.1
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      • pp.87-92
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      • 2005
    • Numerous advance studies usually have focused on preventing human error through mechanization and automation; however, this study. by connecting with accidents caused by careless handling on the basis of the present aptitude test, aims at investigating an improving plan for the railroad safety management system. To attain this purpose, present situation and point at issue of the aptitude test were surveyed through the questionnaire. Through this research, the aptitude test on railroad safety might be systematically improved by reforming some institutional issues.

    Further Improvements on Bose's 2D Stability Test

    • Xu, Li;Yamada, Minoru;Lin, Zhiping;Saito, Osami;Anazawa, Yoshihisa
      • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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      • v.2 no.3
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      • pp.319-332
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      • 2004
    • This paper proposes some further improvements on N.K. Bose's 2D stability test for polynomials with real coefficients by revealing symmetric properties of the polynomials, resultants occurring in the test and by generalizing Sturm's method. The improved test can be fulfilled by a totally algebraic algorithm with a finite number of steps and the computational complexity is largely reduced as it involves only certain real variable polynomials with degrees not exceeding half of their previous complex variable counterparts. Nontrivial examples for 2D polynomials having both numerical and literal coefficients are also shown to illustrate the computational advantage of the proposed method.

    Improvement of Calcium Phosphate Forming Ability of Titanium Implant by Thermal Oxidation Method (열산화법에 의한 티타늄 임플란트의 인산칼슘 결정의 형성 능력 증진)

    • Hwang, Kyu-Seog;An, Jun-Hyung;Lee, Seon-Ok;Yun, Yeon-Hum;Kang, Bo-An;Oh, Jeong-Sun;Kim, Sang-Bok
      • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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      • v.39 no.5
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      • pp.460-466
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      • 2002
    • Titanium oxide film was deposited on the commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) by thermal oxidation method for its medical application. The cp-Ti disks were cleaned and then heat-treated at the temperatures of 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700${\circ}C$, respectively, for 10 min in air or Ar. To test the ability of calcium phosphate formation, the specimens were immersed in the Eagle's minimum essential medium solution at 36.5${\circ}C$ for 15 days. The morphology and chemical composition of the surfaces before and after soaking were analyzed by using FE-SEM and EDS. The in-vitro formation of carbonated calcium phosphate on the thin films containing nano-sized $TiO_2$ crystals was identified.

    A Study on Total Mixed Ration Feeding System for Feeding Pigs (1) - Development of Monorail Traveling TMR Feeder for Grow-Finish Pigs -

    • Kim, Hyuck Joo;Yu, Byeong Kee;Hong, Jong Tae;Choi, Kyu Hong;Yu, Ji Su;Hong, Youngsin;Ha, Yu Shin
      • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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      • v.38 no.4
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      • pp.295-305
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      • 2013
    • Purpose: Recent research showed that total mixed ration (TMR) feeding for pigs improved the productivity and reduced feed cost and manure odor. An automatic TMR feeding system was developed for this study because the conventional feeder cannot deliver the TMR containing roughage. Methods: Conventional feeding systems and physical properties of TMR were surveyed, and performance tests of the conventional feeder were conducted to develop a TMR feeder. Based on the TMR feeder was developed and installed, driving, measuring weight, radio frequency identification (RFID) reading, and discharging test for feeding were conducted to ensure the performance. Results: Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 1 (mixture of 30% cut IRG silage and 70% concentrates) were 31.6%, 387 $kg/m^3$, and $51^{\circ}$, respectively. Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 2 (mixture of 45% concentrates, 30% cut IRG silage and by-products, 10% bean curd refuse, 10% others, and 5% fermenter) were 22.2%, 544 $kg/m^3$, and $50^{\circ}$, respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of conventional concentrate feeding were 1.9~4.1%, and C.V. of TMR containing 1~3% cut IRG roughage feeding by conventional feeder were 9~42%. The conventional disc type feeder was not suitable for TMR feeding because the supply unit was clogged. The C.V. of TMR 1 was 0.6~7.9% when 0.5~10 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs and sows. On the contrary, the C.V. with TMR 2 was 28% when 0.5 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was not suitable for feeding sows. Conclusions: The TMR feeder developed in this study was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs because the feeder performed stably with over 5.0 kg feed. However, the feeder showed a lack of accuracy for feeding sows because the amount of each feed was more than 0.5 kg per a feeding. Therefore, the improvement of outlet structure for accurate feeding is needed for sow feeding.


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