• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.268-286
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• 2008

In this work, we review the routing models that use game theoretical methodologies. A very common assumption in the analysis and development of networking algorithms is the full cooperation of the participating nodes. Most of the analytical tools are based on this assumption. However, the reality may differ considerably. The existence of multiple domains belonging to different authorities or even the selfishness of the nodes themselves could result in a performance that significantly deviates from the expected one. Even though it is known to be extensively used in the fields of economics and biology, game theory has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of communication networking as well. Nowadays, game theory is used for the analysis and modeling of protocols in several layers, routing included. This review aims at providing an elucidation of the terminology and principles behind game theory and the most popular and recent routing models. The examined networks are both the traditional networks where latency is of paramount importance and the emerging ad hoc and sensor networks, where energy is the main concern.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop clinical education of Oriental Nursing. Methods: The subjects were one hundred and ninety-three students who have completed clinical practice. The questionnaires were composed of experience type and Oriental Nursing practices(25 items), level of satisfaction(20 items), difficulty level of practices(6 items), and preparation level of practice instructor(5 items). The reliability were Chronbach's $\alpha$=.84, .86, .74, and .93 respectively. Frequencies, percentage, t-test, and Pearson's Correlation was used in data analysis using SPSS PC+ 11.0. Results: Nursing students recognized that they had difficulties caused by a lack of knowledge of Oriental medicine, of learning the uniqueness of the nurse's role and lack of nurse's enthusiasm in teaching students. However, they were confident in preparing acupuncture and implementing Moxibustion, large Moxibustion, Bu-Hang therapy, aroma therapy and on administration of medicines and control of temperature of the medicines, exercise and rehabilitation. Therefore, instructors should train nursing students by developing a unique Oriental Nursing practice and reinforcement of nurses' independent and cooperative roles through the acquisition of Oriental Medical knowledge and terminology. It is necessary that they develop an educational program based on Oriental Nursing practice, perform consistently within the program and train its teaching faculty and instructors.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.45-78
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• 2023

Objectives : Based on the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng of Zhang Shanlei, this paper examines the tip/root division of the Zangfu, features of medicinal application according to deficiency/excess or cold/heat, and erroneous cases in the Zangfuxushibiaobenyongyaoshi of Zhang Jiegu. Methods : Categorization according to tip/root, cold/heat, deficiency/excess and respective medicinal applications in the Zangfuxushibiaobenyongyaoshi were organized, followed by thorough analysis based on the annotations in the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng. Results : First, in the treatment principle of the Zangfu diseases, each of their physiological function and pathological mechanism were analyzed so that the disease patterns are understood accurately and treated accordingly. Second, in categorizing treatment methods, terminology application was modified in overlapping or ambiguous cases so that they could be better distinguished. Third, medicinal categories that were designated to treat each Zangfu disease were explained well based on unique features. In cases where medicinals were falsely included, they were identified and corrected based on sound reasoning. Conclusions : The pattern diagnosis in the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng is clear, and medicinal application analysis is intelligible. As it thoroughly corrects and revises errors in Zhang Jiegu's theories, it could provide valuable assistance in selecting each medicinals when treating disease patterns of the Five Zang.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1995

Analyzing textbook is the first step for enhancing the level of biology education especially in Korea. Prior studies of textbook analysis have mostly dealt with such topics as terminology analysis, content analysis, relationship analysis of chapters, and comparative studies. However, not much attention was paid to concept system to be learned and to relevance of concepts chosen. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept system and to elucidate the relationship among concepts for effective learning. Novak's concept map was utilized as a theoretical framework for the analysis of chapter I of high school biology textbook. Concept map has several distinctive merits in many aspects such as teaching, learning, and evaluation. It not only makes the understanding of key concepts and proposition a lot easier, but also helps to link prior knowledge and new concepts more effectively. This study will be a basic material for improving textbook for effective biology learning. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. Concepts in subchapters were arranged unsystematically or they were overlapping. For more effective understanding, those items should be rearranged. 2. Key concepts are not arrayed properly according to their hierarchy. Therefore, it was hard for students to set up concept structure. 3. The concepts emphasized by bold letters were not selected properly in accordance with their importance. Appropriate concepts should be chosen. 4. Key concepts should be explained by using examples in everyday life for easy understanding. 5. Many concepts in molecular biology is too abstract to grasp their meaning. Therefore, many audio-visual materials should be used to aid concept building.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary teachers' science class objectively and quantitatively using Mobile Eye Tracker. The mobile eye tracker is easy to wear in eyeglasses form. And experiments are collected in video form, so it is very useful for realizing objective data of teacher's class situation in real time. Participants in the study were 2 elementary teachers, and they are teaching sixth grade science in Seoul. Participants took a 40-minute class wearing a mobile eye tracker. Eye movements of participants were collected at 60 Hz, and the collected eye movement data were analyzed using SMI BeGaze 3.7. In this study, the area related to the class was set as the area of interest, we analyzed the visual occupancy of teachers. In addition, we analyzed the linguistic interaction between teacher and students. The results of the study are as follows. First, we analyze the visual occupancy of meaningful areas in teaching-learning activities by class stage. Second, the analysis of eye movements when teachers interacted with students showed that teacher A had a high percentage of students' faces, while teacher B had a high visual occupation in areas not related to classes. Third, the linguistic interaction of the participants were analyzed. Analysis areas include questions, attention-focused language, elementary science teaching terminology, daily interaction, humor, and unnecessary words. This study shows that it is possible to analyze elementary science class objectively and quantitatively through analysis of visual occupancy using mobile eye tracking. In addition, it is expected that teachers' visual attention in teaching activities can be used as an index to analyze the form of language interaction.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

폭발적으로 증가하는 데이터와 급변하는 기술적 발전은 과거와 현재를 넘어 미래를 예견하고 대응할 수 있는 새로운 분석 패러다임을 요구한다. 지시적 분석은 목표를 설정하고 이를 달성하기 전략을 수립함으로써 분석 결과의 제시에 그치는 게 아니라 사용자에게 목표 달성을 위한 구체적 행동과 그 결과를 요구한다는 점에서 기존의 기술적 분석, 예측적 분석과 근본적인 차이점을 보여준다. 그렇지만, 아직까지 구체적인 구현 방안이 널리 연구되고 있지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연구 역량 강화를 목적으로 개발되고 있는 InSciTe Advisory 사례를 통해 고려할 사항과 어떤 개발 요소들이 필요한 지를 살펴봄으로써 해당 연구 분야의 기반을 제시하고자 한다. InSciTe Advisory 시스템은 5W1H 방법론을 중심으로 연구자가 롤 모델 그룹에 도달하기 위한 전략을 수립할 수 있음을 보이며, 평가 모델을 통해 Elsevier SciVal과 비교하여 126.5%라는 비교 우위적 평가 결과를 얻었다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 1994

Concept analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects the theoretical base of the concept. The concept of maternal role is too broad and variable in expression, therefore there has been no authentic definition nor standard opinion for this concept. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of maternal role which in turn will help in the development of a theory of maternal role attainment. In order to analyze the concept of maternal role, much effort was extended to look up "maternal role" in various dictionaries and literature, but only a few cases were found which listed this terminology. Consultation on the meaning of "mother" and "role" separately was then done and consequently a definition of "maternal role" was obtained through concept analysis of these two words independently, finding their attributes and unifying them. The attributes of the concept of maternal role which was analyzed based on the steps of concept analysis by Walker & Avant (1988) are : 1) Women who have pregnancies 2) Women who have a child 3) Women who rear a child 4) Expected behavior according to social status 5) Learning through social cultures 6) Social interrelationships. The antecedents of the maternal role are : 1) women who are pregnant and deliver a baby, must keep in contact with their child. 2) Circumstances for childrearing must be provided. 3) Formation of self-concept as mother should be developed, cognitive activity, which is necessary for the nurturing activity, financial support and preparation of childrearing should be provided. And the consequences of the maternal role are : 1) Improvement 2) Changeability 3) Ambiguity 4) Stability Through this concept analysis, the concept of the maternal role is defined as "expected behavior by social interrelationships and learned nurturing behavior through social cultures."

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.443-452
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• 2017

건축의 한 분야인 동시에 역사학의 한 분야이기도 한 건축역사는 건축양식의 변천을 다루기는 하나 사회적, 경제적, 문화적, 기술적 상황 등의 시대 배경을 종합적으로 고찰할 필요가 있다. 그러므로 건축역사에서 주로 사용되는 용어는 다양한 분야를 아우를 수밖에 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건축역사 관련 문헌을 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝과 연관 관계 분석을 수행하여 어떤 용어가 건축역사에서 핵심적인 용어인지를 파악해보았다. 우선 국내 건축역사 분야 유일한 학술지인 "건축역사연구"를 선정하여 지금까지 게재된 논문의 제목과 주제어, 초록에 사용된 용어 중 고빈도로 출현하는 핵심 용어들을 도출하였다. 다음으로 연구 분야별 문헌들을 구분하여 핵심 용어의 특징을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 연관 관계 분석을 통해 핵심 용어들 간에 유기적인 관계를 분석하고 시각화하였다. 이러한 건축역사 핵심 용어의 파악은 건축역사 분야의 지금까지의 논의 내용과 향후 방향성을 이해하는데 유용할 것이다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.135-160
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• 2017

2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 6학년 수학 교과서가 현장에 적용된 이후, 1학기 비와 비율 단원이 다소 어려워 학생들에게 학습 부담으로 작용한다는 지적이 있어왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내외 수학 교과서의 비와 비율 관련 내용을 종적 횡적으로 비교 분석하여 적절한 비와 비율 지도 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 국내의 5차부터 현행 2009 개정 교육과정까지의 수학 교과서를 종적 분석 대상으로, 일본, 싱가포르, 홍콩, 핀란드 수학 교과서를 횡적 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 분석기준은 각 교과서에 제시된 비와 비율 관련 학습 요소 및 지도 순서, 용어의 정의, 관련 개념의 도입 방법이다. 분석 결과를 토대로 우리나라 교육과정별 및 각 국가별로 비와 비율 관련 내용의 구현 여부 및 방법에 있어서 특징과 차이점을 파악하였다. 각각에 대한 구체적인 결과를 제시하고, 그에 기초하여 차기 교과서 개발 시비와 비율 단원 구성에 대한 몇 가지 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제48호
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• pp.79-111
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• 2016

이 연구는 산업보안 관련 분야가 시스템 측면에서 국제표준기구인 ISO를 통해서 표준화되어 가는 추세를 분석한 것이다. 산업기밀 유출 방지와 같은 악의적 범죄공격에 의한 위험을 관리하고 손실을 방지하기 위한 산업재산권 보호 관련한 체계라는 범위를 벗어나서 공급사슬, 제품 및 문서 위조의 방지, 재난관리, 커뮤니티 회복력과 같이 폭넓은 분야를 다루었다. 이를 위해 산업보안 분야 표준화의 역사를 연혁적으로 분석하면서 ISO TC 292가 탄생된 역사적 배경과 표준화의 틀이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지를 체계적으로 안내하였다. 또한 TC 292 안에서 워킹그룹 별로 개발되고 제정되어 온 보안 관련 표준들의 대략적인 내용들을 용어 정의(terminology) 및 일반적 보안 원칙(general standards)부터 공급사슬보안경영시스템(supply chain security management)까지 상세하게 살펴보았다. 분석을 통해 도출된 주요 발견점은 보안의 대상(target)과 위협(threat)이 다양화되면서 기업 등의 조직이 보다 유연성 있게 보호하고 피해를 입고도 조속히 회복되는 적응력을 갖추기 위한 체계가 표준화되고 있으며, 산업보안 관련 국제표준화의 범위가 확장되고 있다는 점, 그 국제표준화는 공공 및 민간 보안의 홀리스틱(holistic) 접근의 중요성을 강조하고 있다는 점, 마지막으로 산업이 적절한 보안과 회복력을 갖추기 위해서 이러한 국제표준화를 통한 ISO인증 요구사항에 시급히 대비 및 대응하여야 한다는 점이다.