• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a qigong-based stress management program in pregnant women. Method: A 8 week controlled clinical trial compared 52 pregnant women assigned qigong-based stress management program to 40 pregnant women assigned pregnancy health education program. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), Spielberger trait state inventory-1(STAI-1), Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAM-A) were used to measure anxiety and depression level. Result : Qigong-based stress management group showed significant improvement compared to the education control group on four measures above. Qigong-based stress management group also showed significant improvement at 8 weeks termination on all measures of anxiety and depression compared to pretreatment level. Conclusion : This study showed that qigong-based stress management program can be an effective method for pregnant women.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

Due to the sewage sludge's characteristics of high water content and low calorific value, it is hard to use sewage sludge as an energy source. In this study, we investigated production of bio-solid fuel which is mixed both sewage sludge and woody biomass in order to improve the sewage sludge's characteristics and replace fossil fuels. A thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the co-combustion characteristics of the mixed coal and bio-solid fuel of 5%, 10%, 15%, respectively. The analysis was carried out under non-isothermal conditions by raising the internal temperature of 25℃ to 900℃ with an increment of 10℃/min. In the case of comparing single coal sample and mixture sample of coal and bio-solid fuel, the initiation combustion temperature has slightly changed. However, both the maximum combustion temperature and the termination start combustion temperature were hardly noticeable. The initiation combustion was occurred between 200~315℃ and the thermal decomposition causing a significant weight change occurred between 350~700℃. As a result of the kinetic analysis of the co-combustion, the activation energy was decreased as the mixing rate was higher. Therefore, it is able to co-combust the mixed coal and bio-solid fuel in power plants.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.164-181
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• 2007

This paper empirically analyzes determinants of DTV (Digital Television) adoption in household survey data with IT-related household demand characteristics. To this purpose, we conducted a survey for the adoption of DTV to 1,000 households nationwide. In the questionnaire, various questions asking socio-economics characteristics such as age, education, income were included. Also, status of adoption and usage of IT services such as paid broadcasting, internet, and DVD were asked. To analyze the determinants of intention of purchasing, decision of purchasing, and the timing of purchasing DTV, we adopted the ordered logit, binary logit and multinomial legit models. When there is an order among groups, ordered logit was employed and when there is no orders among groups, multinomial logit was emplyed for the estimation. It is found that when conditions of other explanatory variable are constant, the more educated household heads are, the more probable they become early adopters of DTV. It is also found that other conditions being constant, the income level of households and IT-related household demand characteristics are very important factors affecting DTV adoption. Since the likelihood of purchasing DTV is much higher for those who know the government policy of analog broadcasting termination schedule than others who do not know, dissemination of the Korean government's digital broadcasting policy will affect significantly the adoption of DTV. And policy with various incentives ought to be employed to accelerate DTV adoption, because households with the older TV sets are more likely to purchase DTV. It is suggested that the Korean government should develop policy to connect both DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite) and DTV since DBS subscribers are more likely to be an early adopter than non-subscribers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1975

Adult rabbits were anesthetized with nembutal, 30 mg/kg. Carotid artery and jugular vein were exposed surgically and cannulated with polyethylene tubing. Arterial blood pressure was recorded via pressure transducer on the physiograph and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of histamine solution was infused through the jugular vein by using the constant infusion pump with a rate of 0.92 ml/min or 1.40 ml/min. Mean arterial blood pressure was maintained at $40{\sim}70 mmHg$ and hypotension was kept for 2 hours. After the termination of this period, blood was taken and osmotic fragility was mea sured immediately. Also, every sample of normal blood and shocked blood was incubated for 1 hour or 2 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ in order to see whether or not there was some influence of incubation. Furthermore to clarify which component was responsible for the change on the fragility, the mixtures of normal blood cells with shocked plasma and shocked blood cells with normal plasma were also incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for one or two hours and fragility in such cases was measured. The data obtained were analysed by probit-plot method and the concentration of saline solution at which the hemolysis started to occur, 50% of blood cells were hemolysed and that at which the red blood cells hemolysed completely were determined. The values for the blood of hypotension stage were compared with those of the control blood. The results obtained were as fellows: 1. Osmotic fragility of red blood cell was increased in hypotensive state induced by histamine. 2. The differences of osmotic fragility after two hours of incubation were negligible both in normal blood and in that of hypotensive state. 3. Osmotic resistance of normal red blood cell incubated in shock plasma was less than that of shock red blood cell incubated in normal plasma. It was suggested that plasma in hypotensive state caused by histamine might be primarily responsible for the alteration of red blood cell fragility.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.168-186
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• 1979

Three hundred gram of Korean ginseng root was extracted with 95% ethanol on a boiling water bath for about 300 hr. Evaporation of alcohol yieled 50.2g of dark brown residue which was used by dissolving 4 mg of the residue in 1 ml of physiological saline. The ginseng group and the saline group received each day 0.5 ml per 100 g body weight of ginseng extract and physiological saline, respectively. Both the ginseng and saline group with stress were exposed to positive radial acceleration (1∼29g), cold (5$^{\circ}C$, 0$^{\circ}C$ &-10$^{\circ}C$) and heat (35$^{\circ}C$) environment, and surgical stress. After termination of the last stress, the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, rectal temperature, the number of erythrocyte and leucocyte, hemoglobin level, hematocrit ratio, total serum protein content and it's fraction and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid in the experimental animal exposed to stress were measured and at the corresponding periods, the same measurements were also carried out with the ginseng and the saline groups without stress exposure (serving as control). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Administration of ginseng does depressed the decrease of the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, the number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin value, hematocrit ratio and the A/G ratio in the mice and rats exposed to various stress. 2. The change of the rectal temperature, eosinophile counts, total serum protein content and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid of ginseng group that exposured to various stress facilitates the reaction to, and accelerates the recovery from the stress. 3. Even after hypophysectomy which served the link between the central and the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of ginseng group decreased significantly more than that of the saline group 30 min. after administration of ACTH, while the value approached the normal level significantly closer in the ginseng group than in the saline group 1 and 2 hr after ACTH administration. Judging from the above results, it is concluded that administration of ginseng extract tolerated the experimental animals under the environment of stressfu1 stmuli, although the ginseng has no significant influence upon the stress mechanism in the absence of stressful stimuli. The site of action of the ginseng appears to be in the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 1984

There are evidences that exogenous electric currents are capable of enhancing bone formation and resolution, and that the conversion of the bioelectric response to biochemical activity provides the directional component of orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, evidence has implicated cyclic nucleotides in alveolar bone cellular activation mechanism during orthodontic tooth movement. In view of these evidences, this study was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous electric currents on cyclic nuclotide levels in feline alveolar bone and the possible clinical application of electric currents as an additional orthodontic tool. In the first study, three groups of three adult cats were subjected to application of a constant direct current of $10{\pm}2$ microamperes to gingival tissue near maxillary canine noninvasively for 1, 3, and 7 days respectively. In the second study, three groups of three adult cats each were treated by an electric-orthodontic procedure for 1, 3, and 7 days respectively. The left maxillary (control) canine received an orthodontic force of 80gm alone at time of initiation, while the right maxillary (experimental) canine received combined force-electric stimulation (80gm of force and $10{\pm}2$ microamperes of a constant D.C. currents). Alveola, bone samples were obtain from the mesial (tension and/or cathode) and the distal (compression and/or anode) sites surrounding maxillary canines as well as from contralateral control sites. The samples were extracted, boiled, homogenized, and the supernatants were assayed for cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) by a radioimmunoassay method. And also the amount of tooth movement was measured in the second study. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The fluctuation pattern of cyclic nucleotide levels in alveolar bone treated by exogenous electric currents was similar to that treated by orthodontic force. 2. The cAMP levels in alveolar bone of electrically treated teeth significantly elevated above the control values. And of electrically treated teeth, the values of the anode sites were higher than those of the cathode sites. 9. The cGMP levels in alveolar bone of electrically treated teeth elevated above the control values at the initiation phase of treatment, but dropped below the control values at time of termination. And of electrically treated teeth, the values of the cathode sites were higher than those of the anode sites. 4. The rate of tooth movement in teeth . treated by force-electric combination increased with the length of treatment as compared to that treated by mechanical force alone.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2003

When special voice control application services (VCS) such as voice-controlled web browsing or voice-controlled stock transactions are introduced in cellular systems, a channel quality better than that for ordinary voice communications service (OVS) is necessary in order to keep a suitable grade of VCS. To avoid ai. congestion, calls are normally admitted if there exists a channel-processing resource not occupied by other calls in the base as well as the interference level at the receiver is not higher than a predefined threshold. The threshold is usually 10㏈ noise-rise over the background noise level for voice communications service. When the base admits VCS attempts in exactly the same manner as it handles OVS calls. the same fraction of those will be not successful in taking the channel and then blocked. If the same noise-rise threshold is used as 10 ㏈, however, the admitted VCS calls might suffer from bad channel qualify and finally be dropped. From the user's point of view, the forced termination of ongoing calls is significantly undesirable than blocking new call attempts. When using a lower noise-rise threshold for VCS. on the other hand, the blocking probability of VCS gets higher than that of OVS. In this paper, a call admission policy that gives a priority to VCS is considered in order to reduce the blocking probability and keep an adequate channel quality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Paf1 complex consists of five proteins, and they are structurally and functionally well conserved in yeast, fruit fly, plants, and human. With binding to RNA polymerase II from transcription start site to termination site, Paf1 complex functions as a platform for recruiting many types of transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. Paf1 complex contributes to H2B ubiquitination and indirectly influences on H3K4 di- and tri-methylation by histone crosstalk. But the individual effects of five components in Paf1 complex on these two histone modifications including H2B ubiquitination and H3K4 methylation largely remained to be identified. In this study, we constructed the single-gene knockout mutants of each Paf1 complex component and observed H3K4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation as well as H2B ubiquitination in these mutants. Interestingly, in each ${\Delta}paf1$, ${\Delta}rtf1$, and ${\Delta}ctr9$ strain, we observed the dramatic defect in H3K4 monomethylation, which is independent of H2B ubiquitination, as well as H3K4 di- and trimethylation. However, the protein level of Set1, which is methyltransferase for H3K4, was not changed in these mutants. This suggests that Paf1 complex may directly influence on H3K4 methylation by directly regulating the activity of Set1 or the stability of Set1 complex in an H2B ubiquitination independent manner.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

The most important factor in the treatment of fully edentulous patients using implants is the shape of the definitive prosthesis. After the shape of the definitive prosthesis is determined, residual bone analysis and selection of the implant type, number and position should be followed. In this case, for restoration of an edentulous patient fully implanted (except the maxillary right lateral incisor) without considering definitive prosthesis, facial esthetics and possibility of fixed type prosthesis were evaluated using complete denture. It was determined that the fixed type prosthesis was possible. Implants that could not be used for the definitive prosthesis were excluded from the treatment plan and fixed type provisional restorations were fabricated. After four months of provisional restorations, the patient showed stable occlusion and esthetic satisfaction. Definitive prosthesis was made of zirconia using CAD/CAM (computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing). The results were satisfactory during the 3 months of follow-up period after termination of treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the causative genetic mutation in a family with non-syndromic oligodontia. The 7-year-old female proband and her mother underwent oral examination, panoramic radiographs were obtained and blood samples were collected. All exons of the PAX9 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The sequencing results were compared with the standard human gene sequence. The proband lacked 11 permanent teeth, and her mother lacked 19 permanent teeth. No other birth defects were observed. As a result of gene analysis, there was a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.184G>T, $p.Glu62^*$) in exon 2 in both affected subjects. It is suspected that the nonsense mutation leads premature termination of translation, yields a truncated protein 280 amino acids shorter than the wild-type protein. These defects include parts of the paired box domain, a DNA-binding site that plays an essential role in protein function. Otherwise, more likely the mutant transcript would be degraded by nonsense-mediated decay system, resulting haploinsufficiency to cause oligodontia in this family.