• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2010

This study used importance-performance analysis of different attributes of Bulgogi to investigate Americans' interest in this food. The results of this study will help determine the potential of expanding its consumption in the American foodservice market. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 diners in Korean restaurants located in New York, U.S.A. from July 13 to Oct 8, 2009. A total of 172 copies were returned and analyzed in this study. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 17.0. Of the total subjects, 74.4% were already familiar with Bulgogi and 69.2% had at least one experience trying it. Targeting the respondents who had eaten Bulgogi, preference and satisfaction toward the dish, as well as the intention to repurchase and recommend it to others, were examined, and scores were found to be very high at 4.53, 4.46, 4.26, and 4.47 points, respectively, on a 5-point scale. According to importance-performance analysis, the top five Bulgogi attributes in importance were taste, freshness, flavor, tenderness, and juiciness, and those for performance were freshness, flavor, taste, tenderness, and overall acceptability. However, sweetness and saltiness showed relatively lower performance and ease of purchase was noted as an attribute needing improvement. Therefore, American consumers' needs for Bulgogi should be met by enhancing its flavor, while maintaining the traditional taste, as well as by supplementing the channels providing Bulgogi.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2013

It is easy to overlook osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the ankle in patients with chronic lower limb pain, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, Buerger's disease). A 57-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 CRPS, and a 58-year-old man, diagnosed with TAO, complained of tactile and cold allodynia in their lower legs. After neurolytic lumbar sympathethic ganglion block and titration of medications for neuropathic pain, each subject could walk without the aid of crutches. However, they both complained of constant pain on the left ankle during walking. Focal tenderness was noted; subsequent imaging studies revealed OCLs of her talus and his distal tibia, respectively. Immediately after percutaneous osteoplasties, the patients could walk without ankle pain. It is important to consider the presence of a hidden OCL in chronic pain patients that develop weight-bearing pain and complain of localized tenderness on the ankle.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.261-273
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to introduce effects of Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting on knee pain, headaches, and acute stress disorder of a patient with a traffic accident. We treated a patient with Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting. Numerical rating scale (NRS), Range of Motion (ROM), Hyperextension Position (HEP), Effusion (Eff), Patella Compression Test (PCT), Frontal Flexion Position (FFP), McMurray (MCM), Lateral Joint Line Tenderness (LJLT), Medial Joint Line Tenderness (MJLT), Anterior Drawer Test (ADT), Lachman Test, Varus/Valgus stress, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Core Seven Emotions Inventory Short Form (CSEI-S), Subjective units of disturbance scale (SUDs), and Heart rate variability (HRV) were used to evaluate the patient. After the patient was treated by Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting, the patient showed improvement in NRS, physical examination, and psychological symptom assessment. These results indicate that Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting are effective on knee pain, headache, and acute stress disorder after a traffic accident.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacoacupuncture treatment of coccygodynia caused by perforating cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. Two patients were diagnosed as coccygodynia caused by perforating cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome which pain was within the anatomical field of the nerve, worsened by pressure-inducing posture, no objective sensory loss and in presence of pin-point tenderness. They were treated by pharmacoacupuncture at perforating cutaneous nerve region penertrating the sacrotuberous ligament and local tenderness point of coccyx. The evaluation of clinical outcome was done by pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS), pressure pain threshold (PPT) and EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) index. After treatment, their PI-NRS was decreased, PPT and EQ-5D index were increased. The pharmacoacupuncture therapy at entrapment point of perforating cutaneous nerve could be an effective way to treat coccygodynia caused by perforating cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.474-493
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an early post-mortem low voltage electrical stimulation (ES) to localized part of carcasses [m. longissimus lumborum (LL) and m. biceps femoris (BF)] and determined the tenderness and flavor compounds of Hanwoo steers (n=16). Carcasses were stimulated within 30 min post-mortem for 60s using 60 volts and muscles aged 2 and 14 d. Degradation of Troponin-T were accelerated by ES and degraded little faster in BF muscle than LL. Level of free amino acid content of stimulated and aged muscles was significantly (p<0.05) greater than control for both muscles. Totally 63 volatile compounds were identified by using SPME-GC. The ES treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected the level of 20 volatile compounds of LL as well 15 volatiles in BF muscle along with total amounts of ketones, sulfur containing, pyrazines and furans. Low voltage ES could be applied to reduce the aging time and improve volatile flavor development by increasing important desirable volatile compounds such as 2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazines and 2-acetylthiazole etc. due to released free amino acids from protein degradation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to provide objective and basic data for an effective treatment method by examining changes in the mechanical properties of muscles and the degree of tenderness when a combination of stretching exercise and ultrasound therapy is applied to patients with tension headaches. Methods: The participants were classified into two groups based on the intervention received: the therapeutic ultrasound combined with suboccipital stretching (n=15, experimental group) and infrared combined with suboccipital stretching (n=15, control group) groups. The intragroup differences in mechanical muscle properties and modified total tenderness score were compared and analyzed. Results: The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle tone and stiffness revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the upper trapezius and suboccipitalis in the experimental group. Similarly, the comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle stiffness revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the upper trapezius in the control group. Conclusion: Therapeutic ultrasound combined with suboccipitalis stretching effectively increased the flexibility of the muscles around the cervical vertebrae and reduced muscle tension and stiffness in tension-type headache patients

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of protease in Letinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus and Pear powder after freeze drying which has the ratio of 3% on the Tenderness of the Beef Eye of Round muscle. It were marinated in distilled water (Control), 3% Letinus edodes powder (L3), 3% Agaricus bisporus powder (A3), and 3% Pear powder (P3). As a result, enzyme activities were highest in Agaricus bisporus (p<0.001). There are significant difference in pH (p<0.001), color of the beef were slightly different between the C (control) group and the sample groups. The cooking loss showed the lowest value in the control and the highest value in the water holding capacity of Agaricus bisporus. In addition, Agaricus bisporus showed the lowest shear force values than the other sample groups(p<0.001).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sensory properties and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) for branded Hanwoo beef. Eight subprimal cuts purchased from the branded Hanwoo beef of 3 quality grades ($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1) at 13 stores were determined the tenderness using WBS and evaluated the sensory properties (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) by trained sensory panels. The results of sensory evaluation were analyzed by four WBS value classes (<3.46 kg, 3.46-4.09 kg, 4.09-4.72 kg, >4.72 kg). The results from the sensory evaluation (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) for subprimal cuts of WBS force value less than 3.46 kg had high scores, whereas WBS force value more than 4.72 kg had low scores (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of WBS measurements with sensory ratings was -0.67 (tenderness), -0.53 (flavor), -0.49 (juiciness), and -0.57 (overall acceptance). From these results, consumers can distinguish sensory taste of branded Hanwoo beef using WBS categories and beef industry can apply index of taste for brand Hanwoo beef by WBS categories.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to compare chemical composition and quality attributes of meat between male long fat tailed sheep (n = 17) and Small East African goats (n = 17) existing in Tanzania. Animals of 1.5 to 2 yrs in age and live body weight of $22.59{\pm}0.50$ kg were purchased from livestock auction markets. Animals were fasted for 18 h and slaughtered according to standard halal procedure. Left carcasses were dissected into muscles, fat and bone and the muscle and fat were mixed together and chemically analysed. Meat quality attributes were measured based on Muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum excised from right sides of carcasses. Goat carcasses had significant higher (p = 0.0302) moisture content (70.65% vs 66.96%) and lower (p = 0.0027) ether extract (2.49% vs 5.82%) than sheep but there was no significant species differences in protein and ash content. Sheep had lower (p = 0.0157) ultimate pH (5.74 vs 5.88) and higher (p = 0.0307) temperature ($3.77^{\circ}C$ vs $3.15^{\circ}C$) than goat carcasses. Sheep meat had lower (p = 0.0021) shear force values (29.83 N vs 34.07 N) than goat. Within species, at day 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 44.63% and 34.18% for sheep and goat. Pooled data showed that at d 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 39.25% (from 39.54 N to 24.02 N) compared to tenderness of meat which was not aged at day one of slaughter. The present study demonstrated the differences in chemical composition and quality attributes of meat existing between sheep and goats originated from East Africa.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.