• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2020

The current research brings the spotlight onto customer Gapjil toward service employees. In an attempt to understand what brings Gapjil, the present article investigates the intertwined effects of perceived economic mobility (PEM), self-other referent priming (SORP), and temporal focus on Gapjil. Study 1 shows that PEM increases Gapjil among self-referent primed people, but not among other-referent primed people. Study 2 examining the role of temporal focus (present vs. future) reveals that the effect found in study 1 is replicated in the present focus, but the effect is reversed in the future focus. We explain this dynamic pattern of the 3-way interaction effect with a relative gratification and a motivation to attune the self to the perceived norm of the high class. We also discuss how to create a social atmosphere to lessen Gapjil in public and corporate communication strategies.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 1996

The prevalence rate of psychiatric symptoms of the refractory epileptic patients was evaluated according to the location of the epileptic focus. The subjects were 91 patients admitted to Epilepsy Monitoring Unit of Seoul National University Hospital. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed by Korean version of Symptom Checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R). The locus of epileptic focus was assessed by clinical features, 2-hour interictal EEG, long-term video-EEG monitoring, brain MRI, interictal and ictal brain SPECT, and interictal brain PET The subjects were divided into three groups according to the epileptic focus, non-temporal(N=29), left temporal (N=26), and right temporal(N=32). There were no statistical differences in demographic and seizure-related variables among groups. The number of patients with $T-score {\geq} 65$ at any subscale of the SCL-90-R were compared by $X^2-test$ among groups. The mean T-scores of each subscale of the SCL-90-R were compared by oneway-ANOVA among groups. The prevalence rate of psychiatric symptoms of the refractory epileptic patients was 38.5%. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence rate of psychiatric symptoms among groups. However, the patients with non-temporal or right temporal epileptic foci showed statistically significant higher mean T-scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and phobic subscales than the patients with left temporal epileptic foci. These results suggest that the epileptic focus plays an important role in the production of interictal psychiatric symptoms of the refractory epileptics.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

In consumption environment, the time interval is frequently found between purchase and consumption. The objective of this study is to determine how consumers' purchase intentions can be influenced by this type of temporal distance. Construal level theory holds that the 'distant future situation' tend to be construed on a higher level than the 'near future situation.' Accordingly, when considering the consumption in the near future, consumers tend to be more likely to focus on the feasibility of the alternatives than on desirability. Conversely, when considering the consumption in the distant future, they are more likely to focus on the desirability of the alternatives than on feasibility. Along with the previous literature, the current study investigates the effects of temporal distance between purchase and consumption on consumer choice. Moreover, we aim to determine under which conditions these effects pertain. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a 2(temporal distance:near future vs. distant future) x 2(alternative type:high desirability, low feasibility vs. low desirability, high feasibility) x 3(additional offering:no gift, free coffee coupon, free mini book) between subjects design. The results show that the main effects of temporal distance and additional offering are significant. The 2 way interaction between temporal distance and additional offerings is also significant. Specifically, the purchase intention differentiation from additional offering tends to be larger at shorter temporal distances (near future) than at long ones (distant future).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2014

An articulatory study (using an Electromagnetic Articulography, EMA) was conducted to explore effects of prosodic boundary strength (Intonational Phrase/IP versus Word/Wd), and focus (Focused/accented, Neutral, Unfocused/unaccented) on the kinematic realization of /m/ in the coda (${\ldots}$am#i${\ldots}$) and the onset (${\ldots}$a#mi${\ldots}$) conditions in Korean. (Here # refers to a prosodic boundary such as an IP or a Wd boundary). Several important points have emerged. First, the boundary effect on /m/s was most robustly observed in the temporal dimension in both the coda (IP-final) and the onset (IP-initial) conditions, generally in line with cross-linguistically observable boundary-related lengthening patterns. Crucially, however, in contrast with boundary-related slowing-down effects that have been observed in English, both the IP-final and IP-initial temporal expansions of Korean /m/s were not accompanied by an articulatory slowing down. They were, if anything, associated with a faster movement in the lip opening (release) phase (into the vowel). This suggests that the mechanisms underlying boundary-related temporal expansions may differ between languages. Second, observed boundary-induced strengthening effects (both spatial and temporal expansions, especially on the IP-initial /m/s) were remarkably similar to prominence (focus)-induced strengthening effects, which is again counter to phrase-initial strengthening patterns observed in English in which boundary effects are dissociated from prominent effects. This suggests that initial syllables in Korean may be a common focus for both boundary and prominence marking. These results, taken together, imply that the boundary-induced strengthening in Korean is different in nature from that in English, each being modulated by the individual language's prosodic system. Third, the coda and the onset /m/s were found to be produced in a subtly but significantly different way even in a Wd boundary condition, a potentially neutralizing (resyllabification) context. This suggests that although the coda may be phonologically 'resyllabified' into the following syllable in a phrase-medial position, its underlying syllable affiliation is kinematically distinguished from the onset.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.35-48
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• 2017

Extracting temporal information from documents is becoming more important, because it can be used to various applications such as Question-Answering (QA) systems, Recommendation systems, or Information Retrieval (IR) systems. Most previous studies only focus on English documents, and they are not applicable to the other languages due to the inherent characteristics of languages. In this paper, we propose a new system, named ExoTime, designed to extract temporal information from Korean documents. The ExoTime adopts an external Knowledge Base (KB) in order to achieve better prediction performance, and it also applies a bagging method to the temporal relation prediction. We show that the effectiveness of the proposed approaches by empirical results using Korean TimeBank. The ExoTime system works as a part of ExoBrain that is an artificial intelligent QA system.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.437-451
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• 2019

Outlier detection techniques play an important role in enhancing the reliability of data communication in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considering the importance of outlier detection in WSNs, many outlier detection techniques have been proposed. Unfortunately, most of these techniques still have some potential limitations, that is, (a) high rate of false positives, (b) high time complexity, and (c) failure to detect outliers online. Moreover, these approaches mainly focus on either temporal outliers or spatial outliers. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce novel algorithms that successfully detect both temporal outliers and spatial outliers. Our contributions are twofold: (i) modifying the Hampel Identifier (HI) algorithm to achieve high accuracy identification rate in temporal outlier detection, (ii) combining the Gaussian process (GP) model and graph-based outlier detection technique to improve the performance of the algorithm in spatial outlier detection. The results demonstrate that our techniques outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and work well with various data types.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1964-1967
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• 2002

Recently design verification have been played an important role in the design of large scale and complex systems. In this article, we especially focus on model checking methods. Behaviors of modeled systems are generally specified by temporal formulas of computation tree logic. However. Users must know well temporal specification because the specification might be complex. We proposed method that temporal formulas are gained inductively and amounts of memory and time are reduced. Finally, we will show verification results using our proposed method.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

In this review, the important ideas of coherence theory are introduced. The transfer function and damping envelopes of the microscope due to temporal and spatial coherence are described. The passbands and the condition of Scherzer focus are also disscussed in associated with the resolution of transmission electron microscope.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1989.02a
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• pp.65-69
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• 1989

Mather type dense plasma focus device was develooped for the feasibili쇼 study in its application to the x-ray lithography. To etermine the electrical characteristics,the temporal begavior of the discharge current and the voltage was measured by using the Rogowski coil and the high voltage probe respectively. The results are 9 $\mu\textrm{s}$ of the period, 18m$\Omega$ of resistance and 0.16$\mu$Η of inductance. The average current sheath velocity was measured by the light signal emitted at the moving plasma sheath. The light signal was detected through two fiber bundles. When the applied voltage was 13 kV and the initial jpressure of argon was 21.8 Pa, the best plasma focus was occurred. The x-ray emission characteristics from the plasma focus was determined by the x-ray pictures taken by pinhole camera. It is focus that the plasma was focused at 1.4 cm distant position above the center electrode and its diameter was about 1.0 m.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

In this paper, a selective visual attention module based on motion stimuli is introduced for the purpose of detecting ROI(region of interest) or FOA(focus of attention) in motion pictures. Analysis of motion fields in our approach is in direct contrast to some of the previous studies of selective visual attention module. Motion that presents temporal visual saliency in an aspect between two successive frames is analyzed based on psychological studies in 'DORF(double opponent receptive fields)' and 'NF(noise filtration)' in MT(middle temporal cortex). Analyzed results are integrated based on the theory of 'motion integration' in MT to obtain a single conspicuous region. Experiments through a human subjective evaluation showed generally accepted results.