• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.818-824
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select Meju of a good quality through general composition analysis, organoleptic evaluation, and to conduct isolation, identification, and growth characteristics of main strain related to fermentation from selected Meju. Moisture and crude protein of Meju were 7.2∼28.8% and 32.7∼42.3%, respectively. The amino nitrogen contents of Kyongbuk and Chonbuk Mejus were 770.8 mg% and 239.9 mg%, respectively. And also, free amino acid and glutamic acid contents of Doenjangs made from Chonbuk and Kyongbuk Mejus were 4,169.6 mg% and 499.4 mg%, respectively. The result of sensory evaluation of Mejus collected from several regions showed Kyongbuk was the most suitable Meju in items of color, flavor, appearance and overall (p<0.05). The typical properties of B. lichenifomis NH20 strain isolated from Kyongbuk Meju showed gram positive, aerobic rod cell and motility. As major component among its cellular fatty acid composition, $C_{15:0}$ anteiso fatty acid, $C_{15:1}$ iso fatty acid, $C_{17:0}$ anteiso fatty acid, and $C_{17:0}$ iso fatty acid were 30.7, 28.9, 13.3 and 11.2%, respectively. It showed the same identification coefficient (0.653) compared to the standard strain. Therefore, it was identified to be B. licheniformis NH20 according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and its fatty acid profiles. The optimum pH, temperature, salt content, and culture time of B. licheniformis NH20 were 7.0, 32$^{\circ}C$, 2%, and 9 hours, respectively.ctively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.534-548
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to observe the corrosion characteristics of seven dental amalgams (CAULK FINE CUT, CAULK SPHERICAL, OPTALLOY II, DISPERSALLOY, HI VERALOY, TYTIN, VALIANT) through the anodic polarization curve obtained by using a potentiostat. After each amalgam alloy and Hg being triturated, the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold, and condensed by hydrolic pressure(160 kg/$cm^2$). Each specimen was removed from the metal mold. 24 hours after condensation, specimens were polished with the emery paper and stored at room temperature for 1 week. The anodic polarization curves were employed to compare the corrosion behaviours of the amalgam in 0.9% saline solution, Fusayama's artificial saliva, and stimulated parotid saliva at $37^{\circ}C$ with 3-electrode potentiostat. After the immersion of specimen in electrolyte for 1 hour, the potential scan was begun. The potential scan range was. -1700m V ~ + 400m V(vs. S. C. E) in the working electrode and the scan rate was 50m V /sec. The results were as follows, 1. The corrosion potential, the potential of anodic current peak, and transpassive potential in the stimulated parotid saliva shifted to more anodic direction than those in saline solution, and the current density in the stimulated parotid saliva was lower than that in saline solution. Those in Fusayama's artificial saliva was similar to those in stimulated parotid saliva. 2. The anodic polarization profiles in Fusayama's artificial saliva and stimulated parotid saliva indicated a region of slow slope current density, which is extending from the corrosion potential to the potential of anodic current peak, but that in 0.9% saline solution indicated no region of slow slope. 3. The corrosion potentials for CAULK FINE CUT, CAULK SPHERICAL, and OPT ALLOY II had the similarity in 0.9% saline solution, Fusayama's artificial saliva and stimulated parotid saliva, but those for high coper amalgam and VALIANT had no similarity. 4. The current density for TYTIN amalgam in stimulated parotid saliva was the lowest among the others. 5. As for current density, there was no significant difference between palladium enriched VALINAT and other high copper amalgams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2008

In this study, biofilm process was introduced for treating nonpoint source pollutants. The ceramic media were provided for biofilm growth in the reactors. The packing ratio of ceramic media was 5% and 15(v/v)%, respectively. Thereafter, the reactors were operated intermittently with the different interevent periods such as 0, 5, 10 and 15 days, respectively. The removal efficiencies of COD and NH$_4{^+}$-N were investigated at the different operating conditions such as media packing ratio, temperature, and interevent period. Additionally, Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis(DGGE) and INT-dehydrogenase activity(DHA) test were conducted to observe the microbial community and activity in the biofilm. Consequently, the interevent period seemed to have no significant influence on the COD removal efficiency. COD was removed within 6$\sim$8 hours at 25$^{\circ}C$ and about 15 hours at 10$^{\circ}C$. DGGE profiles showed that the initial species of microorganisms were changed from seeded activated sludge into the microorganisms detected in sediments. INT-DHA test also showed that the activities of microorgnaisms were not decreased even in the 15 days of interevent period.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.237-249
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• 1995

To understand the cross-sectional structures of temperature, salinity and current across the Korea Strait, field measurements were carried out for the period of May 2 to 20, 1994. Using the R/V Tam Yang, detailed CTD profiles and ADCP records were obtained and used to examine the mean and variability field on two time scales (15 days and 25 hours). A sharp coastal front in the middle of the Korea Strait exists across which two different water masses, i.e., warm and saline water in the eastern side and cold and less saline water in the western side are neighboring. We observed highly variable field of T and S apparently caused by the westward movement of warm and saline water mass. Short-term fluctuations of T and S in the middle layer are remarkable and their importance was analysed as the first Eigen mode accounting for more than 50% of total variances. The currents in th Korea Strait are strongly influenced by tidal currents with spring and neap variation whose maximum speed ranges 80-90 and 60-70 cm/s respectively near the central portion of the channel. Strong southward tidal current could even mask the Tsushima Current completely. Results of harmonic analysis show that the magnitudes of semidiurnal, diurnal and mean components of currents are comparable to each other at spring and neap tide conditions. The volume transport across the western channel of the Korea Strait were estimated to be 2.1 Sv at neap tide condition and 3.4 Sv at spring tide condition.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.301-311
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• 2012

Discharge property of plasma jet devices is investigated for the application to the doping processes of crystalline solar cells and others. Current-voltage characteristics are shown as the typical normal-glow discharge in the various gas pressure of plasma jets, such as in the atmospheric plasma jets of Ar-discharge, in the ambient pressure of atmospheric discharge, and in the ambient Ar-pressure of Ar-discharge. The discharge voltage of atmospheric plasma jet is required as low as about 2.5 kV while the operation voltage of low pressure below 200 Torr is low as about 1 kV in the discharge of atmospheric and Ar plasma jets. With a single channel plasma jet, the irradiated plasma current on the doped silicon wafer is obtained high as the range of 10~50 mA. The temperature increasement of wafer is normally about $200^{\circ}C$. In the result of silicon wafers doped by phosphoric acid with irradiating the plasma jets, the doping profiles of phosphorus atoms shows the possibility of plasma jet doping on solar cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2009

The dehydration responsive element binding protein 2C (DREB2C) is a dehydration responsive element/C-repeat (DRE/CRT)-motif binding transcription factor that induced by mild heat stress. Previous experiments established that overexpression of DREB2C cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S:DREB2C) resulted in increased heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. We first analyzed the proteomic profiles in wild-type and 35S:DREB2C plants at a normal temperature ($22^{\circ}C$), but could not detect any differences between the proteomes of wild-type and 35S: DREB2C plants. The transcript level of DREB2C in 35S: DREB2C plants after treatment with mild heat stress was increased more than two times compared with expression in 35S:DREB2C plants under unstressed condition. A proteomic approach was used to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying thermotolerance in 35S:DREB2C Arabidopsis plants. Eleven protein spots were identified as being differentially regulated in 35S:DREB2C plants. Moreover, in silico motif analysis showed that peptidyl-prolyl isomerase ROC4, glutathione transferase 8, pyridoxal biosynthesis protein PDX1, and elongation factor Tu contained one or more DRE/CRT motifs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify possible targets of DREB2C transcription factors at the protein level. The proteomic results were in agreement with transcriptional data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2001

The vertical distribution and activity patterns of fishes during the evening and morning transitions were investigated acoustically and by pelagic trawling on October 2-10, 1997 in the Korean Eastern Sea. The acoustic data were collected from four stations with a scientific echo sounder operating at a frequency of 38 kHz, and the echogram was used to analyze the diel vertical migration of fish. Biological sampling was accomplished by pelagic trawling to identify fish species recorded on the echograms, and the species and length compositions were investigated. Vertical profiles of water temperature, salinity at the trawl station were taken with a CTD system and were related to the diel movement and the depth distribution of fish. During the day, one group of fish mainly distributed above the depth layer of 50 m, the other group was at deeper water, approximately 250 m, but began to migrate toward the surface before sunset with a time difference. During the night, they were dispersed between the surface and the depth of 125 m. Just prior to sunrise, the scattering layer was divided with 2 groups and began to migrate downwards, respectively. Several trials of pelagic trawling for scattering layers suggest that the most dominant scatterer in the survey area of this study was Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus..

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.349-357
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• 2003

The universality of low molecular weight metabolites (i.e. amino acids, steroid hormones) allows rapid and straightforward investigation of biochemistry of genetically un-characterized species. Thus in vivo metabolic profiling of amino acid in combination with multivariate data analysis (metabolomics) offers great potential in comparative biology. In this paper, amino acid profiles in biological fluid (media) were studied by using HPLC/FLD. HPLC procedure for amino acids require the formation of derivatives due to the low absorption of the free compounds. o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) used in association with a thiol, such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), is one of the most popular and sensitive reagents, which yield quickly fluorescent iso-indoles at room temperature. To improve unstability of OPA/3-MPA derivatization, we optimized injector programs for fixed injection times. Linear regressions for the standard curves were linear in the range 0.5 - 100.0 ppb, giving correlation coefficents above 0.99. The detection limit were 1.70 pmol(GLU) - 23.81 pmol(SER). It is practically useful when the amount of sample is very low on single cells.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

The pharmacokinetic properties and residue levels of amoxicillin (AMOX) were studied after intramuscular injection to cultured olive flounders ($100{\pm}50g$), Paralichthys olivaceus. For pharmacokinetic studies, AMOX of 20 to 80 mg/kg body weight was administered at $17{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ or $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and AMOX concentrations were determined in plasma, the liver, and the kidney by HPLC-UVD. Plasma samples were assessed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 hours post-dose, whereas liver and kidney concentrations were measured at 0.25 to 48 hours post-dose. The kinetic profiles of AMOX were analyzed by fitting to a 2-compartmental model with PKSolver program. The following parameters were obtained for a single dosage of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of body weight at $22^{\circ}C$ and 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight at $17^{\circ}C$ in plasma, liver and kidney, respectively: $C_{max}$ (the peak concentration)= $27.23-257.36{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5.49-41.65{\mu}g/g$, $16.75-129.31{\mu}g/g$; $t_{max}$ (the time for peak concentration)= 0.05-0.91, 1.36-3.28, 1.95-4.49 h. For residue studies, AMOX of 40 and 400mg/kg was administered, and muscle samples were taken at 2, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days post-dose. The residueof AMOX in the muscle were found under the MRLs (maximum residue levels) within 7 days for the two doses.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.976-984
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• 2011

Total phenolic content was the highest in 60% ethanol extracts at 21.91 mg/g, and inhibitory activity against tyrosinase of 60% ethanol extracts was higher than ethanol extracts of other concentration. The inhibitory compounds against tyrosinase from Persimmon leaves were purified using Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography with gradient elution. Two purified compounds were isolated as a result. The chemical structures of each compound were determined and identified using $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, FAB-Mass. The compounds were confirmed as (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of purified (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 were 29.5 and 40.2%, respectively. The inhibitory activities of (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 against melanin biosynthesis in melanoma cell were 32.5 and 46.7%. The safety of essence with tyrosinase inhibitory compounds from persimmon leaves was also assessed by various safety profiles. First, changes in pH (4.90~4.95) and viscosity (23,000~26,000 cP) was not detected for 60 days. Essence also showed stability against temperature and light for 60 days. All these findings suggest that extracts from persimmon leaves have a great potential as a cosmetical ingredient with a potent whitening effect.