• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-137
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• 2009

Recently, intelligent traffic information systems have enabled people to forecast traffic conditions before hitting the road. These convenient systems operate on the basis of data reflecting current road and traffic conditions as well as distance-based data between locations. Thanks to the rapid development of ubiquitous computing, tremendous context data have become readily available making vehicle route planning easier than ever. Previous research in relation to optimization of vehicle route planning merely focused on finding the optimal distance between locations. Contexts reflecting the road and traffic conditions were then not seriously treated as a way to resolve the optimal routing problems based on distance-based route planning, because this kind of information does not have much significant impact on traffic routing until a a complex traffic situation arises. Further, it was also not easy to take into full account the traffic contexts for resolving optimal routing problems because predicting the dynamic traffic situations was regarded a daunting task. However, with rapid increase in traffic complexity the importance of developing contexts reflecting data related to moving costs has emerged. Hence, this research proposes a framework designed to resolve an optimal route planning problem by taking full account of additional moving cost such as road traffic cost and weather cost, among others. Recent technological development particularly in the ubiquitous computing environment has facilitated the collection of such data. This framework is based on the contexts of time, traffic, and environment, which addresses the following issues. First, we clarify and classify the diverse contexts that affect a vehicle's velocity and estimates the optimization of moving cost based on dynamic programming that accounts for the context cost according to the variance of contexts. Second, the velocity reduction rate is applied to find the optimal route (shortest path) using the context data on the current traffic condition. The velocity reduction rate infers to the degree of possible velocity including moving vehicles' considerable road and traffic contexts, indicating the statistical or experimental data. Knowledge generated in this papercan be referenced by several organizations which deal with road and traffic data. Third, in experimentation, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed context-based optimal route (shortest path) between locations by comparing it to the previously used distance-based shortest path. A vehicles' optimal route might change due to its diverse velocity caused by unexpected but potential dynamic situations depending on the road condition. This study includes such context variables as 'road congestion', 'work', 'accident', and 'weather' which can alter the traffic condition. The contexts can affect moving vehicle's velocity on the road. Since these context variables except for 'weather' are related to road conditions, relevant data were provided by the Korea Expressway Corporation. The 'weather'-related data were attained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The aware contexts are classified contexts causing reduction of vehicles' velocity which determines the velocity reduction rate. To find the optimal route (shortest path), we introduced the velocity reduction rate in the context for calculating a vehicle's velocity reflecting composite contexts when one event synchronizes with another. We then proposed a context-based optimal route (shortest path) algorithm based on the dynamic programming. The algorithm is composed of three steps. In the first initialization step, departure and destination locations are given, and the path step is initialized as 0. In the second step, moving costs including composite contexts into account between locations on path are estimated using the velocity reduction rate by context as increasing path steps. In the third step, the optimal route (shortest path) is retrieved through back-tracking. In the provided research model, we designed a framework to account for context awareness, moving cost estimation (taking both composite and single contexts into account), and optimal route (shortest path) algorithm (based on dynamic programming). Through illustrative experimentation using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we proved that context-based route planning is much more effective than distance-based route planning., In addition, we found that the optimal solution (shortest paths) through the distance-based route planning might not be optimized in real situation because road condition is very dynamic and unpredictable while affecting most vehicles' moving costs. For further study, while more information is needed for a more accurate estimation of moving vehicles' costs, this study still stands viable in the applications to reduce moving costs by effective route planning. For instance, it could be applied to deliverers' decision making to enhance their decision satisfaction when they meet unpredictable dynamic situations in moving vehicles on the road. Overall, we conclude that taking into account the contexts as a part of costs is a meaningful and sensible approach to in resolving the optimal route problem.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.393-419
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• 2020

삼각법은 수학의 유용성을 인식하도록 하며 삼각함수와의 연계를 통해 고등 수학 개념의 기반을 다진다. 본 연구는 호주와 핀란드를 비교 대상 국가로 정하여 Charalambous 외(2010)가 제시한 수평적 및 수직적 분석을 통해 교육과정과 교과서를 분석하였다. 세 국가가 삼각비에서 다루는 각을 확장한 학습 순서가 유사하며 삼각함수의 도입 시기 및 학습의 연속성에 차이가 있다. 삼각비의 정의 방법에 대한 학습경로는 공통적으로 삼각형 방법, 단위원 방법, 삼각함수 순서로 나타났는데 우리나라는 제 1사분면의 단위원에서 삼각비를 정의한 후 바로 일반각과 삼각함수가 전개된다는 차이점이 나타났다. 위장 맥락 문제와 인위적 맥락 문제는 우리나라가 호주나 핀란드에 비해 높은 비율을 보였다. 이를 통해 우리나라의 학습경로에서 생략되었던 단위원 방법을 제시하는 것, 실생활 맥락을 강조하는 문제를 제시하고 공학적 도구를 활용할 것, 삼각법을 다루는 교육과정 방식과 영역에 대해 재고할 것을 제안한다.

• 세라미스트
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2007

Over the past few years, due to the great development of optical communications, an increasing R&D activity has been focused on the design and manufacture of the integrated optic amplifiers, with particular reference to their application in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. In this technological context, rare-earth-doped oxide glasses, which had been widely used for solid state lasers, gained much attention as highly performing materials in the third telecom window, around 1.5 micron. The aim of the present paper is to provide a brief overview of the progress made, with particular reference to the authors' work in this area, and to shortly discuss its perspectives.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.29-57
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• 2010

Global e-Trade system which electronically processes all trade transactions of trading companies is an essential platform where export and import firms enhance international competitiveness. This study is to develop research models suitable for e-Trade and empirically analyze them in order to examine and verify factors affecting e-Trade system of trading companies on the basis of previously-verified studies on global e-Trade such as TAM, TOE, and Task-Technology Fit Model(TTF). Among many factors, this paper comprehensively analyzes an acceptance factor, which is one of the factors affecting the implementation and performance of e-Trade, from the technological, organizational, and environmental context. The finding from this paper will be applied to e-Trade projects carried out by the government in the future by analyzing the correlation between acceptance and performance.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1999

Currently, the consumer pattern is directed to small quantity and high variety these days. World market is led by technological innovations and changes rapidly. To survive in this environment, the raising of small and medium enterprises is highly desirable. In the context of nationwide restructuring, competitive medium and small industries which are in good financial status should lead the nation's economy. But general ignorance of the safety issues could lead to a miss management of this industry in this field. In this study, actual condition and improvement of safety management are as follows; We have to 1) find out the factors which endangers this industry, and set a proper guideline for safety management. 2) encourage safety management of these industries by themselves, and advertise and provide technical support for using PC and internet. 3) set a higher standard of safety issue when accrediting a prospective medium and small industry, and have a firm control of this issue once accredited. 4) supply more governmental financial aids to terms of safety issues for medium and small industries.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

The success history of Light Water Reactors (PWR and BWR) showed how a dominant technology could be shaped in a political and economical context. The american nuclear politics, the interest of american nuclear industry, and the accumulated technological know-hows made it possible that the not inherently safe reactor-Light Water Reactor- became a prominent reactor model. The path dependency of reactor technology on LWR kept the engineers from developing a new safer reactor, even if the severe reactor accidents occurred. In oder to increase safety of nuclear power system, we should understand the social shaping process of nuclear technology.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.345-370
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• 2014

The notion of technological adoption such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been examined in various domains such as supply chain management, inventory management and health care. However, there are several unanswered questions surrounding how this technology is adopted in disaster management. This study attempts to explore the potential of RFID in disaster management. The notion of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) is deemed suitable for this purpose and thus used as the theoretical framework that is further validated by employing multiple case studies. The empirical findings indicate that there are six key factors influencing the decision to adopt RFID in disaster management. Some relate to aspects of RFID when it is put into practice, namely cost, compatibility, standardisation, implementation and locatability; while the other key factor relates to privacy and security aspect of information. It is hoped that the findings of this research will inform disaster management organizations to better plan the adoption of RFID for their operations.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.104-110
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• 2001

During the last several years, the high speed railway system has been constructed and it is scheduled to open sometime in 2004. To fulfil its duties, it is essential to view intermodalism in the context of broader technological developments in easy access to high speed railway station. And also, to understand the economic importance of intermodal transportation, continual research is needed on the costs and distributional effects of alternative intermodal mechanisms for public works, including direct service to local station or easy transfer to other mass transportation modes. In this paper, necessary courses for local governments involvement are taken, and additional resources must be found that will benefit the entire railway system.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.227-230
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• 2005

The concepts of flexible displays and plastic electronics have become some of the most talked about new product opportunities for direct view flat panel displays in recent years. The potential advantages are frequently cited, but the achievement of commercially viable products will require many significant technological innovations in new materials and manufacturing technology. This paper will provide a very broad overview of the rationale for developing flexible displays, the market drivers, the applicable display technologies, the major hurdles that must be overcome and the required evolution of new manufacturing technologies that are essential for successful commercialization. This is intended to provide the outline and context for the series of presentations on specific aspects in each of these topics that will be delivered and discussed at the Plastic Electronics Special Session of the 2005 IMID conference.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.94-116
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• 2014

The technological innovation is considered as an important factor and there is a positive externality in developing technology in the form of technology spillover. In this context, it is argued that government should play an active role in advancing technology development and several means have been introduced. This study attempts to analyze manufacturing firms' evaluation for the performance of government assistance programs to their R&D activities. Considering that the performance evaluation takes the form of a count outcome, we apply several kinds of count data models. Some interesting findings emerge from the analysis. For example, we found that a firm's sales amount, dummy for the firm's having an R&D department, dummy for the firm's being a venture one, and the number of the firm's innovative activities have positive relationships with the degree that the firm evaluates government assistance as being useful.