• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Parents with a premature infant are usually confronted with difficulties in caring for their babies and need education on appropriate care. The purpose of this paper was to describe the components of caring education for parents with a premature infant based on an integrative literature review and to present strategies for future education. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched to identify studies. Sixteen articles were selected through full text screening of related research published in domestic journals from January 1990 to October 2012. Results: Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, three components emerged; (a) nurses as educators and parents as learners, (b) education content including caring on admission or discharge, and effects of education, and (c) education environment including timing, place and materials. Conclusion: Future education on caring for premature infant should include the nurse as educator and have diverse content including parent's role, interaction with healthcare providers, and special care for premature infants with special problems. Moreover, highly technical teaching materials should be provided, along with continuous support of institution and government to individual caregivers. Results of this study provide comprehensive prospective and basic standards for education on premature infant care.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.25-44
• /
• 2011

KAERI has been operating an integral effect test facility, ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation), for accident simulations of advanced PWRs. Regarding integral effect tests, a database for major design basis accidents has been accumulated and a Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) exercise using the ATLAS has been proposed and successfully performed. The ATLAS DSP aims at the effective utilization of an integral effect database obtained from the ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperative framework in the domestic nuclear industry, better understanding of thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation of the potential limitations of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. For the first ATLAS DSP exercise (DSP-01), integral effect test data for a 100% DVI line break accident of the APR1400 was selected by considering its technical importance and by incorporating comments from participants. Twelve domestic organizations joined in this DSP-01 exercise. Finally, ten of these organizations submitted their calculation results. This ATLAS DSP-01 exercise progressed as an open calculation; the integral effect test data was delivered to the participants prior to the code calculations. The MARS-KS was favored by most participants but the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code was also used by a few participants. This paper presents all the information of the DSP-01 exercise as well as the comparison results between the calculations and the test data. Lessons learned from the first DSP-01 are presented and recommendations for code users as well as for developers are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.732-738
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is the presentation of the proper microwave treatment conditions by means of the investigation of the effect of microwave irradiation on the dewaterability and dryability of sludge. For the improving of dewatering efficiency of sludge using the microwave, the proper time of microwave irradiation is very important. The dewatering efficiency of thickening sludge conditioned by microwave irradiation for proper time was considerably improved with reducing of capillary suction time from 52.3 sec to 30.8 sec, and the sludge conditioned by microwave irradiation had contained the moisture of 81.4% after that pressure filtrationed. The result of drying characteristics of dewatered sludge using the microwave irradiation and furnace heating, for drying of sludge to moisture of below 55%, microwave irradiation time was required 3 min, whereas, furnace heating was required 40 min at $105^{\circ}C$, 20 min at $170^{\circ}C$ and 9 min at $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. We certified that the drying of dewatered sludge using the microwave irradiation was effectively reduction of moisture of sludge compare to traditional heating method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2005

This research programme include investigation of the adsorption behavior of heavy metals and VOCs by Pyrolysis char for using landfill cover material. The volatile potions in the sludge gasified during the pyrolysis period and gave birth to porosity throughout the matrix. The result of the ad/desorption experiment of nitrogen to find out the formation of some pore by the gasification of the volatile matter, we can certify that the pyrolysis char($14.56\;m^2/g$) has increased twice more than the organic wasted sludge($6.68\;m^2/g$) in specific surface area. The pyrolysis char has the adsorption characteristic of medium type of Type II and V in BDDT classification, and showed a little micro pore. In the adsorption experiment of ethylbenzene and toluene, as a result of applying the Freundlich adsorption isotherms, the pyrolysis char was higher in the adsorptivity of ethylbenzene and toluene than the granite and the organic wasted sludge. The results of the heavy metal adsorption test for the char indicated that it had some ability of adsorption. It is suggest that pyrolysis char has some advantages for utilizing as landfill covers because the pyrolysis char can adsorb/absorb hazardous substances from the landfill sites and inhibit the ground water and soil contamination.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 2018

Objectives: To protect individuals working at the site as well as the surrounding general population from a chemical accident, several emergency exposure guidance levels have been used to set a level of concern for certain chemicals. However, a level of concern has not been established for many substances that are frequently used or produced in large quantities in Korean workplaces. In the present study, we investigated the guidance levels for protecting populations from chemical exposure and the estimation of level of concern using acute inhalation and oral toxicity data. Methods: The number of chemicals to which emergency exposure guidance levels (e.g., ERPG-2, AEGL-2, PAC-2, and IDLH) can be applied were determined among 822 hazardous chemicals according to the 'Technical Guidelines for the Selection of Accident Scenarios (revised December 2016)'. The ERPG and AEGL values were compared across all three tiers for the 31 substances that appeared on both lists. We examined the degree of difference between the emergency exposure guidance levels and the estimates of level of concern calculated from acute inhalation or acute oral toxicity data. Results: Among the 822 hazardous chemicals, emergency exposure guidance levels can be applied to 359 substances, suggesting that the estimates of level of concern should be calculated using acute toxicity data for 56.3% of the hazardous chemicals. When comparing the concordance rates of ERPG and AEGL for 31 substances, the difference between the two criteria was generally small. However, about 40% of the substances have values diverging by more than three-fold in at least one tier. Such discrepancies may cause interpretation and communication problems in risk management. The emergency exposure guidance levels were similar to the estimates of level of concern calculated using acute inhalation toxicity data, but the differences were significant when using acute oral toxicity data. These results indicate that the level of concern derived from acute oral toxicity data may be insufficient to protect the population in some cases. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the development of standardized guidance values for emergency chemical exposure in the Korean population should be encouraged. It is also necessary to analyze acute toxicity data and fill the information gaps for substances that are important in Korean workplace situations.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of the The Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations and present the development directions of the The Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, in this study compared and analyzed 158 articles which have been published from the 36 edition to 44 edition of The Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations, the central part in Industrial Educations, to understand the research trend of the Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations. When it comes to the result from the conclusion, firstly The Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations has steadily published a sort of the article twice a year. Secondly, in The Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations, the articles of vocational industrial education are published more than the other kind of the article such as technology education and the rest of education Third, key words of the Korean Journal of Institute of Industrial Educations the word Specialized Technical High School came out the most, followed the word NCS(National Competency Standards). Fourth, the research methods which are used for the study of Industrial Educations are Survey Study, Literature investigation, Contents Analysis, development research but Case Study has been used rarely. Fifth, most of the researches have been conducted by co-research which especially belongs to the university more than one researcher.

• Informatization Policy
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 2017

Digital forensics is the process of uncovering and interpreting electronic data and materials found in digital device in relation to crime. The goal of the process is to preserve any evidence in its most original form which shall be having the force of law. The digital forensic market is increasing with a growth of ICT in domestic and global market. Many countries including U.S. are actively performing researched regarding a structured investigation by collecting, identifying and validating the digital information for the purpose of reconstructing past events which so does in academic society in Korea. This paper is to understand overall research trend about digital forensics and derive future strategy by integrating the result of meta-analysis into practices based on five criteria - main theme and topic, analysis phase, technical method for analysis, author's affiliation, and unit of analysis and method. 239 papers are analyzed, which were selected out of 470 papers published for 10 years (2007~2016) in academic journal on the list of KCI (Korea Citation index). The results of this analysis will be used to examine the characteristics of research in the field of digital forensics. The result of this research will contribute to understanding of the research trend and characteristics leading the technology-driven academia, through which measures for further research development and facilitation are suggested.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1622-1626
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to identify useful single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determine their association with economically important traits in pig population. Four candidate gene analyses have identified important chromosomal regions and major genes associcated whit economic traits of the pig. For application of the chromosomal information to the pig industry using DNA technology, SNP markers were developed by comparative re-sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 4 candidate genes (CSF2, IL4, MYOD, RIP140). PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were developed for these 4 SNPs and used to genotype Berkshire pig populations in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.51
• /
• pp.211-228
• /
• 2002

Despite the importance of the needs assessment activities and the necessity of the systematical investigation on the features of the needs assessment in the social service agencies, it has been observed that the recent NA studies have ignored an important study area of NA, the utilization of needs assessment results in social service agencies. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate salient features of the utilization of community needs assessment results, particularly, in the social welfare centers located in Seoul city. A questionnaire was constructed with seven parts, including a dependent variable and 6 independent variables, and 67 questionnaires were collected from 90 agencies during two months. As the result of the descriptive analyses, the five noticeable features were found; (1) the needs assessment results in the agencies was not highly utilized; (2) the attitude on the NA activities was not highly positive because the responders thought that NA activities require too much time from agency staff; (3) agency staff was more actively involved in the NA process than agency directors; (4) the responders thought that quality of NA influences on the utilization of NA; (5) the respondents were confident in carrying out NA although they did not have many opportunities to learn the technical skills of NA research. Multiple regressions were applied to analyze the relationship between independent variables and three kind of dependent variables - conceptual utilization, instrumental utilization, total utilization. The result showed that the conceptual utilization was critically influenced by social workers' confidence on NA, attitude on NA, and directors' involvement in NA. The institutional utilization was influenced by the directors' involvement. The total utilization was influenced by social workers' attitude on NA, confidence on NA, and directors's involvement. Major findings were discussed and several suggestions were made for future research and improvement of the utilization of needs assessment result in social welfare centers.