• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

Aspergillus, Penicillium, and their teleomorphic genera have a worldwide distribution and large economic impacts on human life. The names of species in the genera that have been reported in Korea are listed in this study. Fourteen species of Aspergillus, 4 of Eurotium, 8 of Neosartorya, 47 of Penicillium, and 5 of Talaromyces were included in the National List of Species of Korea, Ascomycota in 2015. Based on the taxonomic system of single name nomenclature on ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), Aspergillus and its teleomorphic genera such as Neosartorya, Eurotium, and Emericella were named as Aspergillus and Penicillium, and its teleomorphic genera such as Eupenicillium and Talaromyces were named as Penicillium (subgenera Aspergilloides, Furcatum, and Penicillium) and Talaromyces (subgenus Biverticillium) in this study. In total, 77 species were added and the revised list contains 55 spp. of Aspergillus, 82 of Penicillium, and 18 of Talaromyces.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2014

In this study, a wastewater treatment system for hypersaline wastewater utilizing the Hypersaline Wastewater Treatment Community (HWTC) has been developed. The hypersaline wastewater treatment efficiency and microbial community of the HWTC were investigated. The average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were 84% in an HRT of 2.5 days. Microbial community analysis, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments and 16S rRNA gene clone library, revealed community diversity. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of dominant microbial bacteria in 4% hypersaline wastewater confirmed the presence of Halomonas sp. and Paenibacillus sp. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the taxonomic affiliation of the dominant species in the HWTC was ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria and firmicutes. These results indicate the possibility that an appropriate hypersaline wastewater treatment system can be designed using acclimated sludge with a halophilic community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-66
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• 1985

Korea needs proper and rational public policies on conservation and use of forest land and other natural resources because of the accelerating expansion of national land developments in recent years. Unfortunately, there is no systematic planning system to support the needs. Generally, forest land use planning needs suitability analysis based on efficient land classification system. The goal of this study was to classify a forest land using multivariate satistical methods. A case study was carried out in winter of 1983 on a mountainous area higher than 100m above sea level located at Mt. Kwanak in Anyang -city, Kyung-gi-do (province). The study area was 19.80 km$^2$wide and was divided into 1, 383 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) by a 120m$\times$120m grid. Fourteen descriptors were identified and quantified for each OTU from existing national land data : elevation, slope, aspect, terrain form, geologic material, surface soil permeability, topsoil type, depth of the solum, soil acidity, forest cover type, stand size class, stand age class, stand density class, and simple forest soil capability class. For this study, a FORTRAN IV program was written for input and output map data, and the computer statistics packages, SPSS and BMD, were used to perform the multivariate statistical analysis. Fourteen variables were analyzed to investigate the characteristics of their fire quench distribution and to estimate the correlation coefficients among them. Principal component analysis was executed to find the dimensions of forest land characteristics, and factor scores were used for proper samples of OTU throughout the study area. In order to develop the classes of forest land classification based on 102 surrogates, cluster and discriminant analyses of principal descriptor variable matrix were undertaken. Results obtained through a series of multivariate statistical analyses were as follows ; 1) Principal component analysis was proved to be a useful tool for data selection and identification of principal descriptor variables which represented the characteristics of forest land and facilitated the selection of samples.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

We have detected the slime mold, Diachea leucopodia (GNU06-10) in a strawberry greenhouse located in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongnam. Typical fruiting bodies had developed gregariously on the strawberry leaves, petioles, and plant debris on ground soil habitat, and also surprisingly on plastic pipes and a vinyl covering. Field samples were examined via stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and SEM for the determination of morphological characteristics. Dark-brown to black spores formed gregariously within the stipitate cylindrical sporangium, and were covered by an iridescent peridium, which may be intact at maturity, or may have disintegrated. The upper portion of the peridium generally breaks up to expose the spores, whereas the lower portion was usually persistent. The results of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis showed that lime was present in the stalk and columella but absent from the spores, capillitium, and peridium. The above characteristics confirm its taxonomic position in the genus Diachea. However, this genus is intermediate in character between the Physarales and Stemonitales of the Myxogastromycetidae. Hence, this genus had been classified as a member of the Stemonitales until the mid-1970's, on the basis of its iridescent peridium and noncalcareous capillitial system, similar to Comatricha of the Stemonitaceae. By way of contrast, emphasis on morphological characteristics, most notably the calcareous stalk and typical columella, places Diachea within the order Physarales. The presence of a phaneroplasmodium during the trophic stage and lime deposition in its sporophores, as was confirmed in this work, supported the inclusion of Diachea in the Physarales, and the noncalcareous capillitial system verified its identification as a member of the Didymiaceae. Further characteristics of the species D. leucopodia include the following: phaneroplasmodium, spore globose 7.5 ${\mu}m$ in diameter, very minutely roughened; sporangia $500{\mu}m\times1mm$, more or less cylindrical, gregarious, stalked 1.2mm; stalk and columella white.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.392-404
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• 2016

The anatomical characters of the 19 taxa of Korean Juncus were reviewed in order to examine their significance in taxonomy. Cross-section analyses were conducted on the stem, leaf, and capsule. Descriptions, line drawings, tables, and a species key of Korean Juncus are provided for species identification based on anatomical characters. The results of this study showed that the arrangements of the vascular bundle, fiber, and air-space structure in the stems as well as the arrangements of the vascular bundle and parenchyma in the leaves and the development of placenta in capsules are the key characters to be used when classifying each species of Juncus. It was revealed that the studied anatomical features were more useful for identification at the subgenera and section levels than at the species level. Therefore, these anatomical characters used in conjunction with external morphological features will make a valuable contribution to establishing a natural classification system for Juncus.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.65-65
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• 2019

Near-Earth objects consist of a mixture of bodies originated from outer solar system and main asteroidal belt, which are recognized as comets and near-Earth asteroids. In principal, they have orbits distinguishable by their orbital elements. It is, however, that some comets are recognized as asteroids because they could have lost the most of volatile materials in their subsurface layers. Due to their asteroidal appearances, it has been challenging to discriminate such dormant comets from a list of known asteroids. Here we propose to utilize polarimetric technique for finding such dormant comets. We thus conducted a polarimetric observations of three candidates of dormant comet nuclei, (331471) 1984 QY1, (3552) Don Quixote and (944) Hidalgo, by using the 1.6-m Pirka Telescope at the Nayoro observatory (operated by Hokkaido University, Japan). We selected these asteroids in comet-like orbits (ACOs) based on the orbital elements (i.e., the Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter TJ < 3). We found that 1984 QY1 has a polarimetric albedo (geometric albedo determined via polarimetry) pV = 0.16 +/- 0.06 while both Don Quixote and Hidalgo have Rc-band polarimetric albedos pR < 0.05. In accordance with the polarimetric result together with a dynamical analysis, we surmised that 1984 QY1 could be an S-type asteroid evolved into the current orbit via 3:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter. On the contrary, the previous spectroscopic studies indicated that Don Quixote and Hidalgo are classified into D-type taxonomic group, which are typical of comet nuclei. In this presentation, we will introduce our polarimetric observations of ACOs and emphasize that polarimetry is powerful for discriminating the asteroidal and cometary origins.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2012

Nomenclatural code for fungi was dramatically modified in the 18th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011. Its name was changed into International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN), which was formerly called as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) of the Vienna Code of 2005. The most important change for fungi is abandoning dual nomenclature and introducing one fungus/one name system (2013. 1). Since more than 10,000 species of fungal names should be renamed based on this new classification system (one fungus/one name system), it is challenging to both mycologists and taxonomic users such as plant pathologists and food scientists. Here, we introduced background, progress and future plan for its transition into one fungus/one name system. The new code is allowing electronic-only publication of names of new taxa (2102. 1) and the requirement for a Latin validating diagnosis was changed to allow either English or Latin for the publication of a new name (2011. 1). Furthermore, pre-publication deposit of key nomenclatural information in a recognized repository is mandatory in ICN (2013. 1). The aims of this manuscript are to introduce new code of fungal nomenclature and recent trends in one fungus/one name system to Korean mycological society.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.197-222
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• 2008

A recently published Korean Flora, "The genera of vascular plants of Korea (GFK)", includes the descriptions and keys for 217 families, 1,044 genera, and 3,209 species of Korean vascular plants. We reclassified these taxa according to the recent APG classification system, which resulted in 64 orders, 204 families, 1,044 genera and 3,209 species. Twenty-two families from the GFK were abandoned because of changes to the familial delimitations in the APG system. In contrast, the number of families in the Liliaceous group was increased. The Liliaceae in the GFK included 31 genera and 109 species. These taxa are now assigned to 10 families in four different orders including Liliales, Asparagales, Alismatales, and Dioscoreales because of the drastic changes to the monocot classification system in the past 20 years. In addition, the family name of the Aucubaceae was changed to Garryaceae. As a result, the number of families in the GFK has been reduced to 204. The results were summarized in four tables and two figures at the levels of unofficial higher taxonomic hierarchies, orders, families and genera. This new information can provide a guidelines for selecting the phylogenetic analysis unit for the Korean tree of life (KTOL) project. Futhermore, the updated classification system also provides an important summarization for the systematic community for placing the Korean flora in a modern phylogenetic context.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.124-137
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• 2018

Although the evaluation system for excavation reports has been in operation for over 10 years, there has been no research on the evaluation system. First, this study examined the changes of the evaluation system, and secondly, it analyzed the evaluation factors affecting the evaluation results. As a result of institutional analysis, the present evaluation result is being utilized in PQ, and it is suggested that the evaluation subject institution is limited to the excavation institution, which may cause disadvantages to the participating museums. We also pointed out that a small number of jury members are currently evaluating the report and therefore need to reinforce it to ease the burden of assessment. As a result of evaluation factor analysis, it was confirmed that the target score was lower but the actual effect score was higher. In addition, it suggested that the indicators should be improved because the report system, headings, natural archaeological environment, scope and method of survey, and editing and printing indicators are less influential than other indicators. In addition, we conducted a regression analysis of each group by examining the appropriateness of classification amounts according to current excavation costs. As a result of the analysis, the cost of excavation in the second and third groups in 2015 and 2016 was found to affect the score. This emphasized the need for an in-depth approach to estimating the taxonomic value of the group, which is inconsistent with the initial objective of not affecting the assessment results according to excavation costs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1808-1819
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• 2017

Knowledge on the functional characteristics and temporal variation of anaerobic bacterial populations is important for better understanding of the microbial process of two-stage anaerobic reactors. However, owing to the high diversity of anaerobic bacteria, close attention should be prioritized to the frequently abundant bacteria that were defined as core bacteria and putatively functionally important. In this study, using MiSeq sequencing technology, the core bacterial community of 98 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined in a two-stage upflow blanket filter reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater. The core bacterial community accounted for 61.66% of the total sequences and accurately predicted the sample location in the principal coordinates analysis scatter plot as the total bacterial OTUs did. The core bacterial community in the first-stage (FS) and second-stage (SS) reactors were generally distinct, in that the FS core bacterial community was indicated to be more related to a higher-level fermentation process, and the SS core bacterial community contained more microbes in syntrophic cooperation with methanogens. Moreover, the different responses of the FS and SS core bacterial communities to the temperature shock and influent disturbance caused by solid contamination were fully investigated. Co-occurring analysis at the Order level implied that Bacteroidales, Selenomonadales, Anaerolineales, Syneristales, and Thermotogales might play key roles in anaerobic digestion due to their high abundance and tight correlation with other microbes. These findings advance our knowledge about the core bacterial community and its temporal variability for future comparative research and improvement of the two-stage anaerobic system operation.