• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.477-502
• /
• 2007

The Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom. complex includes four controversial species described from Korea; A. albouiolaceum, A. pseudolaeue, A. longecassidatum, and A. quelpaertense. The main objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic identities and systematic relationships among the species in the A. albouiolaceum complex based on morphology, numerical analyses and DNA sequence analysis. In the present study, variations in the principal morphological characters and chloroplast DNA noncoding region sequences (psbA-trnH IGS, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF IGS) were examined for 95 individuals from 20 populations. Also, neighbor-joining analysis was adopted to infer their relationships. Morphological variation appeared to be considerably high but not to be related to geographic distribution. These morphological results suggest that reevaluation of key morphological characters are needed for the proper taxonomic treatment of the complex. The length of psbA-trnH IGS region ranged from 241 to 250 bp, that of the trnL intron from 526 to 532 bp, and that of the trnL-trnF IGS region from 466 to 472 by in all taxa. Nine haplotypes were recognized from the analysis. Seven populations shared more than two haplotypes, while other thirteen populations shared only one haplotype. In the phylogenetic analysis, the nine haplotypes formed four groups, separated A. sibiricum, one of the sister groups of the complex. There also was no distinct grouping pattern supporting the species and populations observed. These results suggest that introgression or speciation might have been involved in the formation of taxa of A. alboviolaceum complex.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2007

To examine taxonomic relationships among 24 leaf mustard allies (Brassica juncea) derived from domestic collections and introduced species, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 16 morphological characters were carried out. Of 16 characters, total fresh weight, total dry weight, shoot fresh weight and leaf length were useful characters for the understanding of taxonomic relationships among them. Cluster analysis using scores of the principal components indicated that 24 leaf mustards could be grouped into domestic collections and introduced species at 1.0 of average distance in UPGMA. Moreover, in experiment of $F_{1}$ recombination test, heterosis appeared greatly in Sanchiohbachirimen takana A ${\times}$ Akaohba takana, Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Sanchiohbachirimen takana B, and Goheung namyang ${\times}$ Akaohba takana cross combinations. Sanchiohbachirimen takana A and Akaohba takana have a high parent combining ability for breeding cultivars using cytoplasmic male sterility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.339-357
• /
• 2003

The general morphological characters and chromosome numbers about 7 taxa of Korean Allium sect. Sacculiferum were reviewed. From the results, authors elucidated the key character as well as the range of variations in each taxon, and considered the relationships among taxa in this section. Clear taxonomic treatments also carried out based on the type specimens and the original descriptions. Shape and growing pattern of leaves, size of inflorescences, shape of perianths and tepals, as well as chromosome numbers were key characters in identifying the taxa and in estimating their relationships. On the basis of these characters, A. thunbergii var. thunbergii, A. sacculiferum and A. deltoide-fistulosum were recognised as a distinct species respectively. Hal-la-bu-chu which had been misidentified as A. cyaneum (sect. Reticulato-bulbosa) in Korea was proved to be A. taquetii and belonged to the sect. Sacculi/erum. In addition, A. cyaneum var. deltoides, had been described as a variety of A. cyaneum, was recombined as a variety of A. thunbergii [A. thunbergii var. deltoides (S. Yu, W. Lee et S. Lee) H. J. Choi et B. U. Oh] with the new Korean name of 'Se-mo-san-bu-chu'. In conclusion, Korean sect. Sacculiferum was composed of five species and two varieties. A key to identify the taxa in this section was provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 2018

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2013

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate taxonomic identities and relationships among 16 species of the korean genus Iris L. Korean Iris was grouped by five clades. Series Laevigatae, Tripetalae, Laevigatae and Sibiricae was included to Clade I. Series Chinensis, and Easatae was composed to Clade II. Series Chinensis was included to Clade III. Series Chinensis was composed to Clade IV. Series Crossiris, Pumilae and Pardanthopsis was included to Clade V. Iris dichotoma, I. mandshurica and I. tectorum formed one clade, and it was located mostly in the basal group. I. minutiaurea and I. koreana was not formed independent clade, so it is not clear between them about taxonomic identities. Iris tectorum was established taxonomic system by Series Cossiris in Subgenus Crossiris. Series Chinensis (I. odaesanensis, I. minutiaurea, I. koreana, I. rossii var. latifoia, and I. rossii) was distinguished is clear by Series Chinensis (I. odaesanensis, I. minutiaurea and I. koreana) and Series Chinensis (I. rossii var. latifoia and I. rossii). The Genus Iris was divided into four subgenus (Limniris, Crossiris, Iris and Pardanthopsis). We thought that evolved to subgenus Limniris in subgenus Crossiris, iris and Pardanthopsis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2008

Anatomical features of seed coat were examined on Trollius, Calathodes, and Caltha of Ranunculaceae to evaluate the taxonomic circumscription of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, which is monotypic and endemic in Korea. Megaleranthis saniculifolia showed the exotestal type of seed coat exhibiting a well-developed palisade structure in exotesta and its external surface of exotesta cells was concave. On the other hand, the shape of exotesta cells in Caltha was cuboidal and the outer surface was smooth. The exotesta of Calathodes seeds was formed of the palisade structure like M. saniculifolia, but the outer surface of exotesta cells was smooth. The palisade structure was much better developed in the exotesta of Calathodes as well as Megaleranthis seeds than in the exotesta of Trollius seeds. The outer surface of exotesta cells in Trollius was either convex or concave according to the species examined. Since the genera of the subtribe Calthinae of the family display differences in seed sculpturing and the anaotmy of seed coat, these characteristics are useful to access taxonomic relationships among them. The morphological and anatomical features of seed coat suggest that Megaleranthis be possibly allied with Trollius rather than Caltha or Calathodes. Concave surface of seed coat cells and well-developed palisade structure of exotesta are shared by M. saniculifolia and some species of Trollius in common.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.43-61
• /
• 2004

Molecular taxonomic studies were conducted to evaluate interspecific relationships in Korean Viola 34 taxa including two Japanese populations using RAPD(randornly amplified polymorphic DNA), ISSR(inter simple sequence repeat) and PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. Only six and four primers out of 40 arbitrary and 12 ISSR primers were screened for 34 taxa, and were revealed 70 (98.6%) and 28 (96.6%) polymorphic bands, respectively. Fifteen restriction endonucleases produced 80 restriction sites and size variations from the large single copy region of cpDNA, 16 (20%) of which were polymorphic. The separate analyses from the RAPD, ISSR and PCR-RFLP data were incongruent in the relationships among 34 taxa, but combined data was in accordance with previous infrageneric classification system based on morphological characters, especially the subsection and series level. Section Chamaemelanium placed between subsect. Patellares and Vagimtae of section Nomimium was not formed as a distinct group. Viola alb ida complex including three very closely related taxa was recognized independent group within subsect. Patellares in combined data tree. This result strongly suggested that they should be treated to series Pinmtae. RAPD analysis was very useful to clarify the interspecific relationships among the species of Korean Viola than ISSH and PCR-RFLP analyses.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1995.07a
• /
• pp.57-86
• /
• 1995

Molecular mapping of plant genomes has progressed rapidly since Bostein et al.(1980) introduced the idea of constructing linkage maps of human genome based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. In recent years, the development of protein and DNA markers has stimulated interest for the new approaches to plant improvement. While classical maps based on morphological mutant markers have provided important insights into the plant genetics and cytology, the molecular maps based on molecular markers have a number of inherent advatages over classical genetic maps for the applications in genetic studies and/or breeding schemes. Isozymes and DNA markers are numerous, discrete, non-deleterious, codominant, and almost entirely free of environmental and epistatic interactions. For these reasons, they are widely used in constructing detailed linkage maps in a number of plant species. Plant breeders improve crops by selecting plants with desirable phenotypes. However a plant's phenotyes is often under genetic control, positioning at different "quantitative trait loci" (QTLs) together with environmental effects. Molecular maps provide a possible way to determine the effect of the individual gene that combines to produce a quantitative trait because the segregation of a large number of markers can be followed in a single genetic cross. Using market-assisted selection, plants that contain several favorable genes for the trait and do not contain unfavourable segments can be obtained during early breeding processes. Providing molecular maps are available, valuable data relevant to the taxonomic relationships and chromosome evolution can be accumulated by comparative mapping and also the structural relationships between linkage map and physical map can be identified by cDNA sequencing. After constructing high density maps, it will be possible to clone genes, whose products are unknown, such as semidwarf and disease resistance genes. However, much attention has to be paid to level-up the basic knowledge of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, plant pathology, entomology, microbiology, and so on. It must also be kept in mind that scientists in various fields will have to make another take off by intensive cooperation together for early integration and utilization of these newly emerging high-techs in practical breeding. breeding.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.214-224
• /
• 2015

The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.449-465
• /
• 2002

A systematic review for Korean Liliopsida was carried out with rbcL and atpB sequence data. Congruent phylogenetic trees were obtained from two different data sets. Korean Liliopsida consists of the three orders, Asparagales, Liliales, and Dioscoreales sensu Dahlgren et al. Members of Dioscoreales were used as an outgroup for inferring relationships among Asparagales and Liliales in the molecular studies. Iridaceae showed close relationship to Asparagales both in the rbcL and atpB sequence trees rather than to Liliales. Family Nartheciaceae (previously included within Melanthiaceae s. lat.) appeared as a paraphyletic assemblage basal within Liliales, but did not show relationships to other orders. Genera of Ruscaceae (previously Convallariaceae) like Disporum, Clintonia, and Streptopus had to be transferred to Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, and Calochortaceae, respectively. A revised list of families for Korean members of Liliopsida is suggested.