• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate decision making styles task management of urban homemakers. This study focuses on the following aspects: 1) to find out which variables of background variables (ie. age of couple, education of couple, duration of marriage, income, family life cycle, number of children) have effect on decision making styles & task management of urban homemakers. 2) to find out the relationships between decision making styles and task management of urban homemakers. 3) to find out independent influcene of background variables on task management. major findings are as follows; First, it is general tendency that decision making styles were human oriented in urban homemakers. Importance & Urgency of the task, age of homemakers, education of homemakers, family life cycle were significant variables to have influcence on task oriented decision making styles. Importance & urgency of task were variables to have influences on human oriented decision making styl s. Second, the tendency of dealing with task at once is the highest in the task management, on the other hand, the tendency of dealing with task in the next session is the lowest. Income is a variable to influence on dealing with task in delegation to others, education of homemaker is a variable to influence on dealing with task in next session and importance & urgency of the task and the number of children were variables to influence on dealing with task immediately. Third, human oriented decision marking style was a variable to influence on dealing with task in delegation with task in delegation to others, in the next session, and in suspending/ in neglecting. Task oriented decision making style was a variable to influence on dealing with task immediately. Fourth, The urgency of task & income were variables to have direct influence on dealing with task in delegation with task in next session, and the urgency of the task, age & education of homemaker and family life cycle were varia les to direct influence on dealing with the task immediately. The urgency & importance of the task and age of homemaker were variables to have indirect on dealing with the task urgency of task & the number of children were variables to have indirect influence on dealing with the task in suspending/in neglecting through the medium of the human oriented decision making styles.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2000

This study aims to examine a fuzzy logic-based human expert EMG prediction model (FLHEPM) for predicting electromyographic responses of trunk muscles due to manual lifting based on two task (control) variables. The FLHEPM utilizes two variables as inputs and ten muscle activities as outputs. As the results, the lifting task variables could be represented with the fuzzy membership functions. This provides flexibility to combine different scales of model variables in order to design the EMG prediction system. In model development, it was possible to generate the initial fuzzy rules using the neural network, but not all the rules were appropriate (87% correct ratio). With regard to the model precision, the EMG signals could be predicted with reasonable accuracy that the model shows mean absolute error of 8.43% ranging from 4.97% to 13.16% and mean absolute difference of 6.4% ranging from 2.88% to 11.59%. However, the model prediction accuracy is limited by use of only two task variables which were available for this study (out of five proposed task variables). Ultimately, the neuro-fuzzy approach utilizing all five variables to predict either the EMG activities or the spinal loading due to dynamic lifting tasks should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of metastrategic exercise on a scientific reasoning strategy to control variables, and investigate the developmental patterns in the strategy usage within a given period. Two groups composed of 90 fifth grade students engaged in a scientific reasoning task over six daily sessions. Additionally, one group engaged in metastrategic exercise on fictional students' strategies of controlling variables on the task, while the other spent equivalent time on an unrelated task. Based upon results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn. First, the metacognitive exercise on the strategy to control variables has positive and long-standing effects on the strategy performance at the reasoning task. The exercise also takes effect of near-transfer. Taking into consideration only about sixty minutes of metastrategic practice, the results provide the validity of the activity in order to develop children's reasoning strategies. Second, in a scientific reasoning task, each child seems to go through one out of two developmental patterns in their usage of reasoning strategies: gradual change or fundamental change. Considering the ratio of pattern of fundamental change between the two groups, it is clear that the metacognitive exercise influences the developmental pattern of strategy usage.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.533-541
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables influencing task performance of wound ostomy continence nurses (WOCN). Methods: Data were collected from 80 WOCN in Korea from September to October 2011 using a self-reported questionnaire. Variables consisted of task performance, empowerment, professional autonomy, job satisfaction and job-related variables. Data were analyzed by frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Professional autonomy was a major predictor of task performance of WOCN (F=37.37, p=<.001). Empowerment(F=33.10, p=.001) and completion of the professional education course for wound ostomy continence nursing WOCN(F=7.46, p=.008) were the other significant predictors of task performance. The regression model explained 45.3% of task performance. Conclusion: Professional autonomy, empowerment and completion of the professional education course contribute to task performance of WOCN. These findings have important implications for organizations hoping to achieve the maximum potential of WOCN's professional role. Therefore, strategies for reinforcement of professional autonomy, empowerment, and completion of professional education course are necessary for WOCN working in South Korea.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing a dual task on gait velocity, temporospatial variables, and symmetry in subjects with subacute stroke. Methods: The study included 14 independent community ambulators with gait velocity of 0.8m/s. The Korean mini-mental state examination, the Berg balance scale, the Trunk impairment scale, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale were used to recruit homogeneous subjects. Subjects performed a single task (10m ambulation at a comfortable speed) and a dual task (10m ambulation at a comfortable speed while carrying a water-filled glass). Gait variables were examined with the OptoGait system. Results: The findings of this study were as follows: 1) Gait velocity decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single task condition. 2) There were no significant differences between the paretic and non-paretic stances. 3) Paretic swing decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single task condition. 4) The non-paretic, double-limb support phase increased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single- task condition. 5) There was no significant difference in temporal symmetry. 6) Non-paretic step length decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single-task condition. 7) There was no significant difference in spatial symmetry. Conclusion: Performing dual tasks decreases gait velocity, paretic swing phase, and non-paretic step length, while it increases non-paretic double limb support. In addition, although there is no difference in temporospatial symmetry, there is high inter-subject variability in temporospatial symmetry. Thus, dual tasks should be selected in accordance with the functional level of the hemiplegic patient, and inter-subject variability of the individual should be considered when dual tasks are considered for gait-training of hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.156-166
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the causal relationships among hospital nursing organizational characteristics (organizational climate, workload), individual characteristics (experience, education) and outcome variables (job satisfaction, job stress, task performance) by constructing and testing a conceptual framework. Method: Five large general hospitals located in Seoul were selected to participated. The total sample of 245 registered nurses represents a response rate of 94 percent. Data for this study was collected from January to February in 2006 by questionnaire. Path analyses with LISREL program were used to test the fit of the proposed model to the data and to examine the causal relationships among variables. Result: Both the proposed model and the modified model fit the data excellently. The model revealed relatively high explanatory power of work stress (40%), job satisfaction (46%) and task performance (27%) by predicted variables. In predicting work stress, job satisfaction and task performance, the finding of this study clearly demonstrate organizational climate might be the most important variable. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was suggested that desirable organizational climate was needed to increase the nurses' mental and physical health as well as qualified task performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between the muscle activity and kinematic variables of the upper extremity during a push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy subjects. Subjects completed the push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus to monitor changes in muscle activity. Markers for kinematic changes of elbow flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder retraction and scapular adduction were attached at C7, the T7 spinous process, both acromions, the scapula superior and inferior angle, the humerus lateral epicondyle, and the ulnar styloid process. Correlation coefficients between muscle activity and kinematic variables were analyzed by SPSS for Windows, version 15.0. Results: On the unstable surface, elbow flexion and shoulder extension increased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior, upper trapezius and infraspinatus. On the stable surface, shoulder retraction decreased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior and infraspinatus. Scapular adduction decreased with all types of increasing muscle activity, regardless of the support surface. Conclusion: Correlations between muscle activity and kinematic variables were observed on stable and unstable surfaces during a push-up task, while correlations between right and left variables were not clear. These finding suggest that it may be used to develop a rehabilitation program which could be effective in improving shoulder function in patients with shoulder problems.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

Predicting a variable using other variables in a large data set is a very difficult task. It involves selecting variables to include in a model and determining the shape of the relationship between variables. Nonparametric regression such as smoothing splines and neural networks are widely-used methods for such a task. We propose an alternative method based on a genetic algorithm(GA) to solve this problem. We applied GA to regression splines, a nonparametric regression method, to estimate functional forms between variables. Using several simulated and real data, our technique is shown to outperform traditional nonparametric methods such as smoothing splines and neural networks.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-140
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• 2014

In a dynamic business environment, the enterprise mobility solution for a mobile office (EMS) has been adopted to increase the competitive edge of organizations. By using an EMS, performance is expected to be enhanced. However, the related literature has paid little interest to the impact of system quality in an EMS on the information quality produced by the system. On the basis of socio-technical theory, we posited that the system quality in an EMS influences information quality. In addition, we investigated the relationships between the above two qualities, use and job performance by considering task mobility and task inter-dependence as control variables. Survey respondents were from many industries using EMSs. The result of structural equation modeling shows that system quality positively affects information quality, and other relationships in the model are proven statistically significant. We also found that system quality has stronger impacts on use and job performance than information quality does in EMS. However, system quality does not affect use in case both task mobility and task inter-dependence exist. The theoretical and practical implications of the result are discussed in the paper.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study is to explain the effects of academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning and online task value on academic achievement and learning transfer in corporate cyber education. 202 students who completed S corporate's cyber courses in 2007 and responded to all survey participated in this study. A hypothetical model was proposed, which was composed of academic self-efficacy, online task value and self-regulated learning factors as prediction variables, and learning transfer as well as academic achievement factors as outcome variables. The results of this study through regression analysis as follows. First, learners' academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning and online task value predict learners' academic achievement significantly. Second, except for academic self-efficacy, learners' self-regulated learning and online task value predict on learners' learning transfer significantly. Third, academic achievement plays a role as mediating value in predicting academic achievement by online task. It implies that learners' academic self-efficacy, online task value and self-regulated learning which predict learners' academic achievement and learning transfer should be considered in developing strategies for the design and operation of cyber courses.